The GLC Networks webinar, hosted by Achmad Mardiansyah on October 26, 2021, covered telecommunications evolution and various related topics, including telco topology and functions. The presentation included historical context on telecommunications, a review of prerequisite knowledge, and encouraged participant interaction through introductions and a Q&A session. GLC Networks, based in Indonesia, offers training and IT consulting while providing a platform for knowledge sharing in the telecommunications field.

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Telecommunication
Evolution
GLC webinar, 26 Oct 2021
Achmad Mardiansyah
achmad@glcnetworks.com
GLC Networks, Indonesia
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Source: www.mikundan.com

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Agenda
● Introduction
● Review prerequisite knowledge
● Telco topology
● Telco nodes and functions
● Telco evolution
● Q & A
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introduction
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What is GLC?
● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com)
● Based in Bandung, Indonesia
● Areas: Training, IT Consulting
● Certified partner for: Mikrotik, Ubiquity, Linux foundation
● Product: GLC radius manager
● Regular event
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Trainer Introduction
● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah
● Base: bandung, Indonesia
● Linux user since 1999, mikrotik user since 2007, UBNT
2011
● Mikrotik Certified Trainer
(MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE/IPv6)
● Mikrotik/Linux Certified Consultant
● Website contributor: achmadjournal.com, mikrotik.tips,
asysadmin.tips
● More info:
http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah
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Past experience
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● 2021 (Congo DRC, Malaysia): network support,
radius/billing integration
● 2020 (Congo DRC, Malaysia): IOT integration,
network automation
● 2019, Congo (DRC): build a wireless ISP from
ground-up
● 2018, Malaysia: network revamp, develop billing
solution and integration, setup dynamic routing
● 2017, Libya (north africa): remote wireless migration
for a new Wireless ISP
● 2016, United Kingdom: workshop for wireless ISP,
migrating a bridged to routed network

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About GLC webinar?
● First webinar: january 1, 2010 (title:
tahun baru bersama solaris - new year
with solaris OS)
● As a sharing event with various topics:
linux, networking, wireless, database,
programming, etc
● Regular schedule
● Irregular schedule: as needed
● Checking schedule:
http://www.glcnetworks.com/schedule
● You are invited to be a presenter
○ No need to be an expert
○ This is a forum for sharing: knowledge,
experiences, information
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Please introduce yourself
● Your name
● Your company/university?
● Your networking experience?
● Your general experience?
● Your expectation from this course?
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Prerequisite
● This presentation some prerequisite knowledge
● We assume you already know:
○ Telecommunication in general
○ Signal
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Review prerequisite knowledge
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Its all started from these… (early days of
telecommunications)
● Sound can travel over media (thread / wire)
● Sound can travel through electricity
● Speaker and microphone were invented
● Mesh connection? Not an option
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We need a hub for communication
● Aka. central office (CO) / telephone exchange
● Run by human operators
● No dialpad at end-user phone, customer need to
tell their destination number
● Aka. PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
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Modern exchange (mechanical switching)
● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf)
● Automatic switching (mechanical)
● Automatic signalling (in-band signalling)
● Data (voice) is still analog
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
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Modern exchange (digital switching)
● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf)
● Automatic switching (electrical circuit / integrated chip)
● Automatic signalling (in-band)
● All processing digital data (Integrated Service Digital
network - ISDN)
● Using channel associated signalling (CAS)
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
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Common channel signalling (CCS)
● We need to separate signalling and data (voice) →
off-band signalling, CCS, version 7 → CCS7 → SS7
● Benefits:
○ Utilize voice link (money)
○ Can create more services (money):
■ Hunting
■ SMS
■ Toll-free
■ Service number
■ Etc. you name it
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SS7 architecture
components:
● Service Control Points/SCP.
integrated databases and
computers
● MTP (Message Transfer Part).
which refers to data circuit
● STP (Signal Transfer Points).
Similar to switch
● ISUP (ISDN User Part)
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Telecommunication topology
● Star topology
● Nodes:
○ Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
○ Central Office (CO)
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Telecommunication services
● Initially run by monopoly → which will be divest
● Service:
○ Voice communication
○ Data communication
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Mobile communications
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Mobile communication (1G)
● 1980s
● FDMA (frequency division multiple access)
● Analog signal (MS to tower)
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Mobile communication (2G)
● 1990s
● TDMA (time division multiple
access)
● Frequency reuse
● Digital signal (MS to tower)
● Nodes:
○ BTS
○ BSC
○ MSC
○ HLR
○ VLR
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Mobile communication (2.5 G)
Additional improvement
● New modulation → higher speed
● Ability to connect to datanetwork (packet switch) -> GPRS
● GPRS (general Packet Radio Service)
○ SGSN (serving GPRS support node)
○ GGSN (gateway GPRS support node)
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GSM nodes and interfaces
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Mobile communication (3 G)
● New modulation -> higher speed
● Implementation: UMTS / CDMA2000
●
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LIVE practice
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preparation
● SSH client
● SSH parameters
○ SSH address
○ SSH port
○ SSH username
○ SSH password
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Q & A
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Interested? Just come to our training...
● Topics are arranged in systematic and logical way
● You will learn from experienced teacher
● Not only learn the materials, but also sharing experiences, best-practices, and
networking
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End of slides
● Thank you for your attention
● Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback
● Find our further event on our website : https://www.glcnetworks.com/en/
● Like our facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/glcnetworks
● Slide: https://www.slideshare.net/glcnetworks/
● Discord (bahasa indonesia): (https://discord.gg/6MZ3KUHHBX)
● Recording (youtube): https://www.youtube.com/c/GLCNetworks
● Stay tune with our schedule
● Any questions?
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