www.glcnetworks.com
Telecommunication
Evolution
GLC webinar, 26 Oct 2021
Achmad Mardiansyah
achmad@glcnetworks.com
GLC Networks, Indonesia
1
Source: www.mikundan.com
www.glcnetworks.com
Agenda
● Introduction
● Review prerequisite knowledge
● Telco topology
● Telco nodes and functions
● Telco evolution
● Q & A
2
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introduction
3
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What is GLC?
● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com)
● Based in Bandung, Indonesia
● Areas: Training, IT Consulting
● Certified partner for: Mikrotik, Ubiquity, Linux foundation
● Product: GLC radius manager
● Regular event
4
www.glcnetworks.com
Trainer Introduction
● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah
● Base: bandung, Indonesia
● Linux user since 1999, mikrotik user since 2007, UBNT
2011
● Mikrotik Certified Trainer
(MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE/IPv6)
● Mikrotik/Linux Certified Consultant
● Website contributor: achmadjournal.com, mikrotik.tips,
asysadmin.tips
● More info:
http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah
5
www.glcnetworks.com
Past experience
6
● 2021 (Congo DRC, Malaysia): network support,
radius/billing integration
● 2020 (Congo DRC, Malaysia): IOT integration,
network automation
● 2019, Congo (DRC): build a wireless ISP from
ground-up
● 2018, Malaysia: network revamp, develop billing
solution and integration, setup dynamic routing
● 2017, Libya (north africa): remote wireless migration
for a new Wireless ISP
● 2016, United Kingdom: workshop for wireless ISP,
migrating a bridged to routed network
www.glcnetworks.com
About GLC webinar?
● First webinar: january 1, 2010 (title:
tahun baru bersama solaris - new year
with solaris OS)
● As a sharing event with various topics:
linux, networking, wireless, database,
programming, etc
● Regular schedule
● Irregular schedule: as needed
● Checking schedule:
http://www.glcnetworks.com/schedule
● You are invited to be a presenter
○ No need to be an expert
○ This is a forum for sharing: knowledge,
experiences, information
7
www.glcnetworks.com
Please introduce yourself
● Your name
● Your company/university?
● Your networking experience?
● Your general experience?
● Your expectation from this course?
8
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Prerequisite
● This presentation some prerequisite knowledge
● We assume you already know:
○ Telecommunication in general
○ Signal
9
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Review prerequisite knowledge
10
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Its all started from these… (early days of
telecommunications)
● Sound can travel over media (thread / wire)
● Sound can travel through electricity
● Speaker and microphone were invented
● Mesh connection? Not an option
11
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We need a hub for communication
● Aka. central office (CO) / telephone exchange
● Run by human operators
● No dialpad at end-user phone, customer need to
tell their destination number
● Aka. PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
12
www.glcnetworks.com
Modern exchange (mechanical switching)
● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf)
● Automatic switching (mechanical)
● Automatic signalling (in-band signalling)
● Data (voice) is still analog
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
13
www.glcnetworks.com
Modern exchange (digital switching)
● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf)
● Automatic switching (electrical circuit / integrated chip)
● Automatic signalling (in-band)
● All processing digital data (Integrated Service Digital
network - ISDN)
● Using channel associated signalling (CAS)
● CO Functions:
○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer
○ Signalling (in-band):
■ Ringing
■ Routing (source to destination)
14
www.glcnetworks.com
Common channel signalling (CCS)
● We need to separate signalling and data (voice) →
off-band signalling, CCS, version 7 → CCS7 → SS7
● Benefits:
○ Utilize voice link (money)
○ Can create more services (money):
■ Hunting
■ SMS
■ Toll-free
■ Service number
■ Etc. you name it
15
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SS7 architecture
components:
● Service Control Points/SCP.
integrated databases and
computers
● MTP (Message Transfer Part).
which refers to data circuit
● STP (Signal Transfer Points).
Similar to switch
● ISUP (ISDN User Part)
16
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Telecommunication topology
● Star topology
● Nodes:
○ Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
○ Central Office (CO)
17
Source: www.mikundan.com
www.glcnetworks.com
Telecommunication services
● Initially run by monopoly → which will be divest
● Service:
○ Voice communication
○ Data communication
18
Source: www.mikundan.com
www.glcnetworks.com
Mobile communications
19
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Mobile communication (1G)
● 1980s
● FDMA (frequency division multiple access)
● Analog signal (MS to tower)
20
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Mobile communication (2G)
● 1990s
● TDMA (time division multiple
access)
● Frequency reuse
● Digital signal (MS to tower)
● Nodes:
○ BTS
○ BSC
○ MSC
○ HLR
○ VLR
21
www.glcnetworks.com
Mobile communication (2.5 G)
Additional improvement
● New modulation → higher speed
● Ability to connect to datanetwork (packet switch) -> GPRS
● GPRS (general Packet Radio Service)
○ SGSN (serving GPRS support node)
○ GGSN (gateway GPRS support node)
22
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GSM nodes and interfaces
23
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Mobile communication (3 G)
● New modulation -> higher speed
● Implementation: UMTS / CDMA2000
●
24
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LIVE practice
25
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preparation
● SSH client
● SSH parameters
○ SSH address
○ SSH port
○ SSH username
○ SSH password
26
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Q & A
27
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Interested? Just come to our training...
● Topics are arranged in systematic and logical way
● You will learn from experienced teacher
● Not only learn the materials, but also sharing experiences, best-practices, and
networking
28
www.glcnetworks.com
End of slides
● Thank you for your attention
● Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback
● Find our further event on our website : https://www.glcnetworks.com/en/
● Like our facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/glcnetworks
● Slide: https://www.slideshare.net/glcnetworks/
● Discord (bahasa indonesia): (https://discord.gg/6MZ3KUHHBX)
● Recording (youtube): https://www.youtube.com/c/GLCNetworks
● Stay tune with our schedule
● Any questions?
29

Telecommunication Evolution

  • 1.
    www.glcnetworks.com Telecommunication Evolution GLC webinar, 26Oct 2021 Achmad Mardiansyah achmad@glcnetworks.com GLC Networks, Indonesia 1 Source: www.mikundan.com
  • 2.
    www.glcnetworks.com Agenda ● Introduction ● Reviewprerequisite knowledge ● Telco topology ● Telco nodes and functions ● Telco evolution ● Q & A 2
  • 3.
  • 4.
    www.glcnetworks.com What is GLC? ●Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com) ● Based in Bandung, Indonesia ● Areas: Training, IT Consulting ● Certified partner for: Mikrotik, Ubiquity, Linux foundation ● Product: GLC radius manager ● Regular event 4
  • 5.
    www.glcnetworks.com Trainer Introduction ● Name:Achmad Mardiansyah ● Base: bandung, Indonesia ● Linux user since 1999, mikrotik user since 2007, UBNT 2011 ● Mikrotik Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE/IPv6) ● Mikrotik/Linux Certified Consultant ● Website contributor: achmadjournal.com, mikrotik.tips, asysadmin.tips ● More info: http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah 5
  • 6.
    www.glcnetworks.com Past experience 6 ● 2021(Congo DRC, Malaysia): network support, radius/billing integration ● 2020 (Congo DRC, Malaysia): IOT integration, network automation ● 2019, Congo (DRC): build a wireless ISP from ground-up ● 2018, Malaysia: network revamp, develop billing solution and integration, setup dynamic routing ● 2017, Libya (north africa): remote wireless migration for a new Wireless ISP ● 2016, United Kingdom: workshop for wireless ISP, migrating a bridged to routed network
  • 7.
    www.glcnetworks.com About GLC webinar? ●First webinar: january 1, 2010 (title: tahun baru bersama solaris - new year with solaris OS) ● As a sharing event with various topics: linux, networking, wireless, database, programming, etc ● Regular schedule ● Irregular schedule: as needed ● Checking schedule: http://www.glcnetworks.com/schedule ● You are invited to be a presenter ○ No need to be an expert ○ This is a forum for sharing: knowledge, experiences, information 7
  • 8.
    www.glcnetworks.com Please introduce yourself ●Your name ● Your company/university? ● Your networking experience? ● Your general experience? ● Your expectation from this course? 8
  • 9.
    www.glcnetworks.com Prerequisite ● This presentationsome prerequisite knowledge ● We assume you already know: ○ Telecommunication in general ○ Signal 9
  • 10.
  • 11.
    www.glcnetworks.com Its all startedfrom these… (early days of telecommunications) ● Sound can travel over media (thread / wire) ● Sound can travel through electricity ● Speaker and microphone were invented ● Mesh connection? Not an option 11
  • 12.
    www.glcnetworks.com We need ahub for communication ● Aka. central office (CO) / telephone exchange ● Run by human operators ● No dialpad at end-user phone, customer need to tell their destination number ● Aka. PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network) ● CO Functions: ○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer ○ Signalling (in-band): ■ Ringing ■ Routing (source to destination) 12
  • 13.
    www.glcnetworks.com Modern exchange (mechanicalswitching) ● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf) ● Automatic switching (mechanical) ● Automatic signalling (in-band signalling) ● Data (voice) is still analog ● CO Functions: ○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer ○ Signalling (in-band): ■ Ringing ■ Routing (source to destination) 13
  • 14.
    www.glcnetworks.com Modern exchange (digitalswitching) ● No human operator, phone has dialpad (rotary/dtmf) ● Automatic switching (electrical circuit / integrated chip) ● Automatic signalling (in-band) ● All processing digital data (Integrated Service Digital network - ISDN) ● Using channel associated signalling (CAS) ● CO Functions: ○ Switching: connecting 1 customer to other customer ○ Signalling (in-band): ■ Ringing ■ Routing (source to destination) 14
  • 15.
    www.glcnetworks.com Common channel signalling(CCS) ● We need to separate signalling and data (voice) → off-band signalling, CCS, version 7 → CCS7 → SS7 ● Benefits: ○ Utilize voice link (money) ○ Can create more services (money): ■ Hunting ■ SMS ■ Toll-free ■ Service number ■ Etc. you name it 15
  • 16.
    www.glcnetworks.com SS7 architecture components: ● ServiceControl Points/SCP. integrated databases and computers ● MTP (Message Transfer Part). which refers to data circuit ● STP (Signal Transfer Points). Similar to switch ● ISUP (ISDN User Part) 16
  • 17.
    www.glcnetworks.com Telecommunication topology ● Startopology ● Nodes: ○ Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) ○ Central Office (CO) 17 Source: www.mikundan.com
  • 18.
    www.glcnetworks.com Telecommunication services ● Initiallyrun by monopoly → which will be divest ● Service: ○ Voice communication ○ Data communication 18 Source: www.mikundan.com
  • 19.
  • 20.
    www.glcnetworks.com Mobile communication (1G) ●1980s ● FDMA (frequency division multiple access) ● Analog signal (MS to tower) 20
  • 21.
    www.glcnetworks.com Mobile communication (2G) ●1990s ● TDMA (time division multiple access) ● Frequency reuse ● Digital signal (MS to tower) ● Nodes: ○ BTS ○ BSC ○ MSC ○ HLR ○ VLR 21
  • 22.
    www.glcnetworks.com Mobile communication (2.5G) Additional improvement ● New modulation → higher speed ● Ability to connect to datanetwork (packet switch) -> GPRS ● GPRS (general Packet Radio Service) ○ SGSN (serving GPRS support node) ○ GGSN (gateway GPRS support node) 22
  • 23.
  • 24.
    www.glcnetworks.com Mobile communication (3G) ● New modulation -> higher speed ● Implementation: UMTS / CDMA2000 ● 24
  • 25.
  • 26.
    www.glcnetworks.com preparation ● SSH client ●SSH parameters ○ SSH address ○ SSH port ○ SSH username ○ SSH password 26
  • 27.
  • 28.
    www.glcnetworks.com Interested? Just cometo our training... ● Topics are arranged in systematic and logical way ● You will learn from experienced teacher ● Not only learn the materials, but also sharing experiences, best-practices, and networking 28
  • 29.
    www.glcnetworks.com End of slides ●Thank you for your attention ● Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback ● Find our further event on our website : https://www.glcnetworks.com/en/ ● Like our facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/glcnetworks ● Slide: https://www.slideshare.net/glcnetworks/ ● Discord (bahasa indonesia): (https://discord.gg/6MZ3KUHHBX) ● Recording (youtube): https://www.youtube.com/c/GLCNetworks ● Stay tune with our schedule ● Any questions? 29