The document discusses the classification of living organisms, focusing on animals. It defines key terms like aquatic and land organisms, and the three vital functions of nutrition, interaction, and reproduction. Animals can be classified according to their diet as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Vertebrates are animals with backbones and skeletons, while invertebrates lack these features. The five types of vertebrates - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - are described based on traits like habitat, locomotion, and reproduction. Invertebrates are also divided into five types - cnidarians, worms, echinoderms, molluscs, and arthropods

1. UNIT 1. LIVING ORGANISMS: THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
Questions to study the unit.
1. What are the organisms that live in oceans, seas and rivers called?
Aquatic organisms.
2. What are the organisms that live on dry land called?
Land organisms.
3. Name some living organisms that are not animals or plants.
Algae, fungi, bacteria and microbes.
4. What are the 3 vital functions?
Nutrition, interaction and reproduction.
5. What is nutrition?
When the living organisms eat, drink water and breathe oxygen.
6. What is interaction?
When living organisms feel what is around them and react.
7. What is reproduction?
When living organisms produce offspring (babies).
8. What is fauna?
It is the combination of animals living in a particular place.
9. How can we classify animals according to what they eat?
Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.
10. What do herbivores eat?
Herbivores eat plants.
11. What do carnivores eat?
Carnivores eat other animals.
12. What is scavenge?
When the carnivores find and eat other animals that were dead.
13. What do omnivores eat?
Omnivores eat other animals and plants.
14. How can we classify animals according to how they reproduce?
Oviparous and viviparous.
15. What is an oviparous animal?
It is an animal that develops inside and egg.
16. What is a viviparous animal?
It is an animal that develops the mother’s belly.
17. How can we classify animals according to their locomotor system?
Vertebrates and invertebrates.
18. What is a vertebrate animal?
Vertebrate animals have a backbone and an internal skeleton.

2. 19. What is an invertebrate animal?
Invertebrate animals don’t have a backbone or an internal skeleton.
20. What are the characteristic of invertebrate animals?
- They have a back bone and a spine.
- A head with the sense organs and a skull to protect the brain.
- A trunk with normally four limbs and sometimes a tail.
21. What are the 5 types of vertebrates?
FISH ! Aquatic, oviparous.
! Breather oxygen under water.
! Body with scales and fins.
AMPHIBIANS ! Oviparous and carnivorous.
! Land animals but close to water.
! Breathe oxygen in water and
air.
! Very thin skin.
REPTILES ! Land and aquatic, oviparous.
! Breather oxygen in the air.
! Four or no legs.
! Hard scales or
shells.
BIRDS ! Land animals.
! Breathe oxygen in the air.
! Body with feathers.
! Wings and 2 legs with scales.
! Almost all can fly.
! They lay eggs.
MAMMALS ! Land or aquatic.
! Almost all viviparous.
! Almost all body with fur.
! Mammals’ mothers feed
their babies with their milk.

3. 22. What are the 5 types of invertebrates?
CNIDARIANS ! Aquatic.
! Simple bodies that look like
jelly.
! Poisonous and tentacles.
WORMS ! Aquatic.
! Long and flat bodies divided
into rings.
ECHINODERMS ! Aquatic.
! Bodies in the shape of a star
or a ball. Covered in spines or
hard armour.
MOLLUSCS ! Aquatic or land.
! Many have a hard shell.
! A foot and a mantle.
ARTHROPODS ! Aquatic or land.
! Covered in armour plates.
! Some can fly.