Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide an source of information on EHV XLPE cable end termination processes. It also describes the brief procedure of 220 KV XLPE single core (1×1200 Cu corrugated Al sheath) cable termination at 400 KV GSS Heerapura (Rajasthan Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd) Jaipur (Raj) India. The realization of high density power transmission in major city areas requires the effective utilization of limited underground space available so the different versions of the termination are designed for operation under severe outdoor conditions and operation voltage up to 550 KV.
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Complete Description of High Quality Tempsens Make Instrumentation, Control, Signal and Mineral Insulated (MI) Cables and Wires
And Insulation offered on wires and cables.
These Cables and wires covers wide areas of applications in different types of process industries and OEMs.
1- Low Tension Power Cable
2- Contents
Introduction
Construction
Types & sizes
Features
Application
More Details
3- Introduction
Power Cables - An assembly of two or more electrical conductors usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power.
4- Construction
5-
Conductor – Stranded / Solid / Circular shaped-Aluminum / Copper
Insulation – PVC /XLPE/HR PVC / Zero Halogen
Inner Sheath – PVC/HR PVC /FR/FRLS PVC
Armouring – G. S.Round Wire/ Flat Strip or Aluminum Wire /Flat Strip
Outer Sheath – PVC /HR PVC/FR/FRLS PVC /Zero Halogen
6- Types & Sizes
Types
1.1 kV PVC /XLPE as per IS : 1554 – (Part-I) / IS : 7098(Part- I)/BS /IEC.
Sizes
Single Core 1.5 to 1000 sq. mm
Multi core 1.5 to 630 sq. mm
7- Features
These cables can carry high current with high short circuit rating 250°C as against 160°C for PVC.
Dielectric losses are very less in these cables.
LT power cable is flexible, lightweight, fire-resistant in nature.
8- Application
LT power cable may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, run overhead, buried in the ground or exposed.
And Flexible power cables are used in mobile tools, portable devices, and machinery.
9- More Details At
Rallison Electricals Pvt. Ltd.
G I / 118, Mayapuri, Phase – I, New Delhi – 110064
Phone: 91-11-28112644
Mobile: 9311104000
URL: http://www.rallison.com/lt-power-cable/
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Tracking
Treeing
Erosion
Chalking
Crazing
Cracking
Hydrolysis
Puncture
Specified mechanical load (s.m.l)
Tensile load
Routine test load (r.t.l.)
Cantilever load
Compressive load
Maximum working combined loads
Working cantilever load (w.c. L.)
Maximum design rating (mdr)
Proof-test load
Delamination
Dielectric properties of insulation
Insulating material
Properties of insulating material
Porcelain insulator
Glass insulator
Advantages of glass insulator
Disadvantages of glass insulator
Polymer insulator
Core
Housing
Weathersheds
End fitting
Coupling zone
Interface
Characteristics
Advantages of polymer insulator
Disadvantages of polymer insulator
Pin insulator Structure
Petticoats Causes of insulator failures Designing consideration of pin insulator Dimensions for pin insulators Helically formed pin insulator types Post insulator Suspension insulator Advantages of suspension insulator Disadvantages of suspension insulator
Strain insulator Ball & socket type Tongue & clevis type
Stay/guy strain insulator Types of guy insulators Type of insulators for guy insulators Basic insulator level for guy insulators Mechanical strength for guy insulators Shackle insulator or spool insulator
Insulator design
Basic design concepts
Material selection
Core
Weathersheds
End fittings
Insulator design
Pollution consideration
Table-1
Pollution severity levels
Relation between the pollution level and the specific creepage distance
Application of the "specific creepage distance" concept
Parameters characterizing the profile
Influence of the position of insulators
Influence of the diameter
Determination of the creepage distance
Power Quality Improvement of DC Drive by Reduction of Circulating Currentpaperpublications3
Abstract: The paper presents power quality improvement of DC drives by reduction of circulating current in parallal operation of active filters based on hysteresis current control. As it is a well-known fact that power quality determines the fitness of electrical power to consumer devices, hence an effort has been made to improve power quality in this work. Simulation with the help of MATLAB/Simulink has been done and results obtained are discussed in detail to verify the theoretical results. The multipulse converter was connected with DC drives and was run at no load condition to find out the transient and steady state performances. FFT analysis has been performed and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) results obtained at different pulses are shown here.
Non-Contact Temperature Measurement System Based on Embeddedpaperpublications3
Abstract: Surface-contact temperature measurement technology is very successful, but the research on the non-contact temperature measurement technology is relatively less. This paper designs and implements a non-contact temperature measurement system, which uses embedded hardware platform ARM LPC2148 and the system applies ARM embedded IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus module's communication procedure and control methods. Experimental results show that the system is of high stability, speed, and precision. The system may be widely used in many applications such as fault diagnosis, performance testing, etc.
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Complete Description of High Quality Tempsens Make Instrumentation, Control, Signal and Mineral Insulated (MI) Cables and Wires
And Insulation offered on wires and cables.
These Cables and wires covers wide areas of applications in different types of process industries and OEMs.
1- Low Tension Power Cable
2- Contents
Introduction
Construction
Types & sizes
Features
Application
More Details
3- Introduction
Power Cables - An assembly of two or more electrical conductors usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power.
4- Construction
5-
Conductor – Stranded / Solid / Circular shaped-Aluminum / Copper
Insulation – PVC /XLPE/HR PVC / Zero Halogen
Inner Sheath – PVC/HR PVC /FR/FRLS PVC
Armouring – G. S.Round Wire/ Flat Strip or Aluminum Wire /Flat Strip
Outer Sheath – PVC /HR PVC/FR/FRLS PVC /Zero Halogen
6- Types & Sizes
Types
1.1 kV PVC /XLPE as per IS : 1554 – (Part-I) / IS : 7098(Part- I)/BS /IEC.
Sizes
Single Core 1.5 to 1000 sq. mm
Multi core 1.5 to 630 sq. mm
7- Features
These cables can carry high current with high short circuit rating 250°C as against 160°C for PVC.
Dielectric losses are very less in these cables.
LT power cable is flexible, lightweight, fire-resistant in nature.
8- Application
LT power cable may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, run overhead, buried in the ground or exposed.
And Flexible power cables are used in mobile tools, portable devices, and machinery.
9- More Details At
Rallison Electricals Pvt. Ltd.
G I / 118, Mayapuri, Phase – I, New Delhi – 110064
Phone: 91-11-28112644
Mobile: 9311104000
URL: http://www.rallison.com/lt-power-cable/
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Tracking
Treeing
Erosion
Chalking
Crazing
Cracking
Hydrolysis
Puncture
Specified mechanical load (s.m.l)
Tensile load
Routine test load (r.t.l.)
Cantilever load
Compressive load
Maximum working combined loads
Working cantilever load (w.c. L.)
Maximum design rating (mdr)
Proof-test load
Delamination
Dielectric properties of insulation
Insulating material
Properties of insulating material
Porcelain insulator
Glass insulator
Advantages of glass insulator
Disadvantages of glass insulator
Polymer insulator
Core
Housing
Weathersheds
End fitting
Coupling zone
Interface
Characteristics
Advantages of polymer insulator
Disadvantages of polymer insulator
Pin insulator Structure
Petticoats Causes of insulator failures Designing consideration of pin insulator Dimensions for pin insulators Helically formed pin insulator types Post insulator Suspension insulator Advantages of suspension insulator Disadvantages of suspension insulator
Strain insulator Ball & socket type Tongue & clevis type
Stay/guy strain insulator Types of guy insulators Type of insulators for guy insulators Basic insulator level for guy insulators Mechanical strength for guy insulators Shackle insulator or spool insulator
Insulator design
Basic design concepts
Material selection
Core
Weathersheds
End fittings
Insulator design
Pollution consideration
Table-1
Pollution severity levels
Relation between the pollution level and the specific creepage distance
Application of the "specific creepage distance" concept
Parameters characterizing the profile
Influence of the position of insulators
Influence of the diameter
Determination of the creepage distance
Power Quality Improvement of DC Drive by Reduction of Circulating Currentpaperpublications3
Abstract: The paper presents power quality improvement of DC drives by reduction of circulating current in parallal operation of active filters based on hysteresis current control. As it is a well-known fact that power quality determines the fitness of electrical power to consumer devices, hence an effort has been made to improve power quality in this work. Simulation with the help of MATLAB/Simulink has been done and results obtained are discussed in detail to verify the theoretical results. The multipulse converter was connected with DC drives and was run at no load condition to find out the transient and steady state performances. FFT analysis has been performed and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) results obtained at different pulses are shown here.
Non-Contact Temperature Measurement System Based on Embeddedpaperpublications3
Abstract: Surface-contact temperature measurement technology is very successful, but the research on the non-contact temperature measurement technology is relatively less. This paper designs and implements a non-contact temperature measurement system, which uses embedded hardware platform ARM LPC2148 and the system applies ARM embedded IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus module's communication procedure and control methods. Experimental results show that the system is of high stability, speed, and precision. The system may be widely used in many applications such as fault diagnosis, performance testing, etc.
Optimal Unit Commitment Based on Economic Dispatch Using Improved Particle Sw...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm to solve the optimal unit commitment problem under deregulated environment has been proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) intelligent technique accounting economic dispatch constraints. In the present electric power market, where renewable energy power plants have been included in the system, there is a lot of unpredictability in the demand and generation. This paper presents an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) for power system unit commitment with the consideration of various constraints. IPSO is an extension of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) which uses more particles information to control the mutation operation, and is similar to the social society in that a group of leaders could make better decisions. The program was developed in MATLAB and the proposed method implemented on IEEE 14 bus test system.
Green Buildings Overview and Analysis of Energy Efficient Buildingpaperpublications3
Abstract: The challenges our planet faces, particularly climate change and sustainable economic development, are global in nature and so require global solutions. The building sector, which consumes as much as 40% of world’s energy, 12% of its water and contributes 40% of its waste sent to landfill, is the major part of this global problem. Reducing energy use in buildings saves resources and money while reducing pollution and CO2 in the atmosphere. It also leverages even greater savings at power plants. For the average 33-percent-efficient coal-fired power plant, saving a unit of electricity in a building saves three units of fuel at the power plant. So to reduce green house gas emission, government promotes new buildings construction and to retrofit existing buildings while satisfying low energy criteria. This means improving energy efficiency of buildings and energy systems, developing sustainable building concepts and promoting renewable energy sources. “Green” or “sustainable” buildings use key resources like energy, water, materials, and land more efficiently than buildings that are just built to code. With more natural light and better air quality, green buildings typically contribute to improved employee and student health, comfort, and productivity. A green building depletes the natural resources to the minimum during its construction and operation. In this paper an over view of green building is discussed.
Comparison of Tuning Methods of PID Controllers for Non-Linear Systempaperpublications3
Abstract: Modern days have seen vast developments in the field of controller’s .There are various controllers developed these days with various different specifications. But the only drawback is that, there is no fixed method for the tuning of these controllers, which is necessary for controlling of the system based on the variation of the input or for the changes in the system. In order to overcome this drawback, in this paper we have compared various tuning methods of PID controller for non-linear system. As a non-linear system we have taken the dc motor as a system. For the particular DC motor controller transfer function has been determined and control parameters such as Proportional Gain, Integral Time and Derivative time are identified. They are numerous methods of developing a Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) Controller, amongst them some methods are adopted in this paper and Comparisons of Time Domain specifications of those controllers has been carried out.
Abstract: Electrocardiogram is a machine that is used for the detection and the analysis of the peaks of the ECG signal. ECG signal is used for the detection of various diseases related to the heart. The cardiac arrhythmia shows abnormalities of heart that is considered as the major threat to the human. The peaks that are present in the ECG signal are used for detection of the disease. The R peak of the ECG signal is used for the detection of the disease, the arrhythmia is detected as Tachycardia and Bradycardia. This paper presents a study of the ECG signal, peaks and of the various techniques that are used for the detection of disease.
Abstract: The coin-based mobile battery charger developed in this paper is providing a unique service to the rural public where grid power is not available for partial/full daytime and a source of revenue for site providers. The coin-based mobile battery charger can be quickly and easily installed outside any business premises. The mobile phone market is a vast industry, and has spread into rural areas as a essential means of communication. While the urban population use more sophisticated mobiles with good power batteries lasting for several days, the rural population buy the pre-owned mobile phones that require charging frequently. Many times battery becomes flat in the middle of conversation particularly at inconvenient times when access to a standard charger isn't possible. The coin-based mobile battery chargers are designed to solve this problem. The user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the adapters and insert a coin; the phone will then be given a micro-pulse for charging. It does not bring a mobile from 'dead' to fully charged state. The charging capacity of the mobile is designed with the help of pre-defined values. It is, of course, possible to continue charging the mobile by inserting more coins. This compact and lightweight product is designed to cater for the growing number of rural mobile users worldwide. A suitable microcontroller is programmed for all the controlling applications. The source for charging is obtained from solar energy and back up storage battery in case of non-availability of solar energy.
Abstract: A cool property that high temperature superconductors possess is something explained by Meissner Effect. Which makes possible the levitation of superconducting magnets, when a magnetic pole of the same polarity is placed facing the former.
In a complete vacuum if the superconductor is rotated at some particular speed probably very less than “c” some point on the rotating object might just be able to cross the temporal barrier.
A Power Control Scheme for UPQC for Power Quality Improvementpaperpublications3
Abstract: The proliferation of power electronics based equipmenthas produced a significant impact on the quality of electric power supply. Conventional power quality mitigation equipment is proving to be inadequate for an increasing number of applications, and this fact has attracted the attention of power engineers to develop dynamic and adjustable solutions to power quality problems. This has led to development of Custom Power Devices (CPD).One modern and very promising CPD that deals with both load current and supply voltage imperfections is the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC).
This paper investigated the development of UPQC control schemes and algorithms for power quality improvement and implementation of a versatile control strategy to enhance the performance of UPQC. The proposed control scheme gives better steady-state and dynamic response. The validity of the proposed control method is verified by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Analysis and Comparisons of Different Type of WCES- A Literature Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: With very rapid development of wind power technologies and significant growth of wind power capacity installed worldwide, various wind turbine concepts have been developed. The wind energy conversion system is required to be more cost-competitive, so that comparisons of different wind generator systems are necessary. A literature review of different types wind energy conversion systems is presented. First, the modern wind turbines are described with respect to both their control features and drive train types, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Then, the quantitative comparison and market penetration of different wind generator systems are presented. The promising permanent magnet generator types are also investigated. After that the ongoing trends of wind generator systems and related comparison criteria are discussed.
Shunt Faults Detection on Transmission Line by Waveletpaperpublications3
Abstract: Transmission line fault detection is a very important task because major portion of power system fault occurring in transmission system. This paper represents a fast and reliable method of transmission line shunt fault detection. MATLAB Simulink use for modeled an IEEE 9-bus test power system for case study of various faults. In proposed work Daubechies wavelet is applied for decomposition of fault transients. The application of wavelet analysis helps in accurate classification of the various fault patterns. Wavelet entropy measure based on wavelet analysis is able to observe the unsteady signals and complexity of the system at time-frequency plane.
The result shows that the proposed method is capable to detect all the shunt faults.
El aire húmedo posee un peso el cual genera una presión conocida como presión atmosférica, cuanto más alta sea la columna de aire por encima de un sitio, mayor será la presión en dicho sitio. Es por eso que a grandes altitudes la presión atmosférica es menor que en lugares sobre el nivel del mar en donde la columna de aire es mucho mayor, de hecho, existen lugares por debajo del nivel del mar en donde la presión atmosférica es aún mayor que la presión atmosférica sobre el nivel del mar. Para medir la presión atmosférica de un lugar es necesario utilizar un instrumento conocido como barómetro.
The most stunning palace in the world inspired us to create a collection that is rich in colour, texture and craftsmanship. Pearls, glittering stones and matte finish gold with subtle green highlights on layered neckpieces, pasaas and earrings pay a tribute to the palace's unique jade collection and cascading chandeliers. Live it up like the Nizams. In impeccable style.
Construction of cables
Insulation resistance of a single core cable
Capacitance of a single core cable
Dielectric stress in a single core cable
Grading of Cables-Capacitance grading and Inter sheath grading
Capacitance of 3-Core Cables
Problems
The purpose of this paper is to study and design of 230 kV twin bundle double circuit overhead transmission line. In design consideration, the selection of economic voltage, choice of conductor size, number of insulators, maximum sag of conductor and minimum height of conductor are considered. The electrical transfer of energy from one place to another over long distance with standard regulations is one of the major problems in the field of electrical power engineering. The parameters of overhead transmission line are resistance, inductance and capacitance. The bundle conductors are used for reducing the reactance on the line, corona losses, radio interference and surge impedance. Daw Hnin Yu Lwin | U Hla Myo Htay "Design of 230 kV Twin Bundle Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27830.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27830/design-of-230-kv-twin-bundle-double-circuit-overhead-transmission-line/daw-hnin-yu-lwin
22 9752 cable paper id 0022 edit septianIAESIJEECS
Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) has been used as the insulation for polymeric power cables for its superior advantages. This type of cable insulation are famously known and used for their good dielectric properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and probability to be utilized at high temperature. This study is of four (4) parts; designing suitable method for cable test, accelerated testing procedures applied to XLPE insulation for high voltage cables, online partial discharge determination, and aging test. To study the insulation durability to AC high voltage operation, the breakdown strength and aging were investigated under different setting of temperature. The breakdown voltages of XLPE were measured at different temperatures of 300C, 500C and finally at 700C. Lastly, the aging effect of cable insulation was observed by conducting the AC breakdown voltage test after the aging process. Results showed that the breakdown voltage and aging of XLPE cables will decrease with increase of temperature setting.
Comparision Lightning Protection Systems s per IEC 62305-3 and NFC 17-102(2011)/UNE21-1186 India NBC2016 / Project Building and Infra Projects /MEP ,Architect ,Electrical Consultants
Lightning is Disaster when it's hit to Surface and damage only possible to assess Lost of Human Lives and Assets.
The Agencies who claim Said Protection is from Lightning Product ,Design and Installation is Accordingly EN62305/IEC62305 and NFC17-102 .
Lightning Protection Standard Committee member is from Industries who are having Experience ,Knowledge and they are business man and better know how to safe guard to make more profit from their Business like other Industries.
If we Compare One Area Like Calculation Hight , Lenght and Width as per ZONE 1,2,3&4 Now Threat from Lightning Design as per IEC62305 and Prepare BOQ Considering Reputed Makes from Manufacturer .
According to IEC62305 our Cost will be 3-5 Time High as Compare to NFC17-102.
Now you can understand why IEC do not support NFC .
Latest now CENELEC Given their Acceptance Mentioning IEC 62035 and NFC17-102 not having any Conflict and Claims are Different and Accepted by Countries.
Plz go through presentation.
In India Lightning Documents is adopted under National Disaster and Every State is Declare Documents to offer Awareness Common Public what action they have to do.
NFC17-102 Acceptance in India CERC,SECI,RDSO.CPWD,PWD and Other Industries and Growing because We want to have Protection from Lightning ,
Developing an actual very high frequency antenna using genetic algorithmseSAT Journals
Abstract Antenna for the 88-108MHz Very high frequency (VHF) broadcast audio frequency-modulation (FM) band. The antenna is intended tofit in the flat area inside the head-band of an over ear hearing-protector headset. The space for the antenna is limited by an existing head-band design, where the unused internal area is the space studied in this thesis. A genetic algorithm is described for the multiple objective optimization of the antenna matching and radiation pattern optimization. The results of multiple genetic algorithm evaluations are described, and possible further improvements outlined. Progress is made on the development of the antenna. The antenna radiation pattern is evolved in desirable way, but a difficulty in solving the antenna matching problem is identified. Research for resolving the antenna matching problem is described in this paper Keywords: Antenna, Modulation, Genetic Algorithm, Frequency, Head-Band, Very High Frequency Broadcast.
Analysis of Electric Field and Current Density on XLPE Insulator IJECEIAES
Good condition and size of the insulator are important to ensure the excellent electric field and current density performance because of aging and degradation HVDC cable problem. At present, the existing insulator which is XLPE insulator that had been used does not meet the capabilities criteria of HVDC cable due to the problem in terms of the condition of the insulator which is the presence of a void in the insulator. A research had been made with Quickfield Software to calculate the electric field and current density in the XLPE insulator of HVDC cable. A void is created in the XLPE insulator by using Quickfield Software by varying diameter of void and distance of void from conductor. XLPE insulator is taken as main research object. The results show that largest diameter of void and nearest distance of void from conductor distorts highest electric field and lowest current density. Therefore, it is important to study both electric field and current density to ensure good capabilities and safety of HVDC cable.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Technical Aspects of EHV XLPE Cable End Termination and on Site Brief Procedure
1. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (62-65), Month: January - March 2016, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 62
Paper Publications
Technical Aspects of EHV XLPE Cable End
Termination and on Site Brief Procedure
1
Sachin Kumar Gupta, 2
Arun Pachori
1
PG student, 2
Associate Professor, Dept of EE, Government Engineering College, Jabalpur, India
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide an source of information on EHV XLPE cable end termination
processes. It also describes the brief procedure of 220 KV XLPE single core (1 1200 Cu corrugated Al sheath)
cable termination at 400 KV GSS Heerapura (Rajasthan Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd) Jaipur (Raj) India. The
realization of high density power transmission in major city areas requires the effective utilization of limited
underground space available so the different versions of the termination are designed for operation under severe
outdoor conditions and operation voltage up to 550 KV.
Keywords: XLPE CABLE, END TERMINATION, INSULATOR, CORE, OUTDOOR.
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of high voltage XLPE system goes back to the 1960’s since then production and material technology
have improved significantly providing reliable maintenance free products to utility industry. The different version of the
terminations are designed for operation under severe outdoor conditions and operation voltage up to 550 KV. The
terminations can also be used indoor where appropriate space is provided. Standard versions are designed for pollution
level III or IV for use in higher polluted areas insulators with longer creepage distance are used.
Outdoor termination with porcelain insulator (1a):
This termination type covers the full range from 72.5 KV to 420 KV. It is used for gas pressure cable, oil filled cable and
for XLPE cable. It is in use for many years and has the longest and satisfactory service history. The insulator may be in
brown or grey colour protective spark gaps are as an option.
1a 1b 1c
2. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (62-65), Month: January - March 2016, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
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Outdoor termination with composite insulator (1b):
This termination type is for XLPE cable. The basic design is identical with that of the porcelain termination. The
composite insulator, however, is of much lower weight. This is advantageous with respect to lifting equipment needed for
installation and also for supporting constructions.
Dry type outdoor termination (1c):
The dry type termination for XLPE cable is completely free from any liquid or gaseous filling medium. Apart from the
environmental aspect, the dry design provides further advantages like easier installation and no need for filling equipment,
both contributing to significant savings for installation of the terminations.
2. OUTDOOR TERMINATION PROCESS OF 220 KV XLPE CABLE 1 1200 CU CORRUGATED
AL SHEATH
220 KV single circuit of 1200 sq mm 220 KV single core XLPE cable is established between 400 KV substation
Heerapura to 220 KV GIS substation Nala Power House Jaipur (appox 10 km) against specification No RVPN/ EHV/ TN-
278. General instruction preparatory works, Dimensions used, fitting procedure are strictly as per site work. During the
work relevant security and accident rules must be obeyed. The cable laying must be finished, the cable end is properly
sealed and for the proposed cable position the admissible bending radii must be taken into consideration during work.
Starting from the upper surface of the termination frame, mark the reference line on the outer plastic cable sheath. Mark
from the reference line the cutting position (over length=insulator length +900 mm) on the cable. Adjust the cable end in
straight jointing position and fix it. Remove the plastic cable sheath and corrugated aluminum sheath.
Taking into consideration the working length of the used round peeling device and an additional length of 10 mm for the
grinding process apply a mark with insulating tape on the insulation screen in direction to the cable so that the cable core
can be peeled with the peeling device to the transition D1/cone. The knife must be adjusted step by step so that the
insulation screen is completely removed. When grinding with emery the diameter of the cable core is reduced by approx
0.3 mm. The transition spot from D1 to D2 must be marked. The peeling process is to be carried out as described under
size D1 ,whereby the knife must be adjusted step by step so that diameter D2 as correlated to the stress cone is reached.
The transition from D1 to D2 elaborated conically by means of a rasp and abrasive cloth.
Make a cone for pushing over the stress cone at the end of the cable core. The prepared cable core may not show any
unclean areas like coarse, abrasion channels or marks of the rasp. Longitudinal variations at the end of the insulation
screen must be checked. The max. Allowed length is W=15mm. Apply one layer of semi conducting tape from the
corrugated aluminum sheath to the semi conducting layer of the cable. Wrap a centre lapping of self amalgamating tape
on the corrugated aluminium sheath and on the cable core. Push the cable gland including sealing ring over the cable core.
Push over the base plate with the pedestal insulators over the cable core fix them to the termination frame.
3. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (62-65), Month: January - March 2016, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 64
Paper Publications
Clean the cable core and the stress cone inner bore, cover the stress cone inner bore and the surface of the cable core with
filling oil very well. Push the stress cone over the cable core up to the marked position by hand. Wash off the remainder
of the lubricant from stress cone and cable core.
Wrap one layer of semi conducting tape with 50% overlapping, copper woven fabric tape and self-amalgamating tape
from the tube of the sealing flange to the stress cone.
Cut the cable core exactly vertical at the cutting position (insulator length +3 mm). Push the mechanical connector on the
conductor up to the insulation and fix all screw by hand. Clean the base plate, the stress cone, the core and the insulator
carefully. Insert the sealing ring on the base plate. Push on the insulator and allow it to stand on the base plate. Screw the
insulator to the base plate and the aluminum top plate. Take care that no dirt can get into the open termination. Fit a stud
to the can and pour the oil into the insulator up to the oil level. The air chamber over the filling height, allow heat
expansion of the oil. Push the spacers over the conductor terminal bolt. Insert the sealing ring in the groove of the
conductor terminal. Screw the top nut on the bolt. Fit the cable gland and heat shrinkable sleeve.
4. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (62-65), Month: January - March 2016, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 65
Paper Publications
3. CONCLUSION
The outdoor terminal should be suitable for heavily polluted atmospheric conditions with total creep age distance of 31
mm/KV and protected creep age distance of not more than 50% of the total creep age distance. The cable end terminals
for terminating the cable shall be fully compatible with the cable. Above termination is antifog, pre fabricated type based
on the EPR-based stress relief cone with an epoxy housing or pre-moulded type silicon based stress relief cone. The
termination base plate and the cable’s metallic sheath shall be electrically insulated from the supporting structure.
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