Cables are used to carry electric signals and come in different types for various applications. Cable specifications include characteristic impedance, current carrying capacity, size, and flexibility. Common cable types include ribbon, screened, coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic cables. Coaxial cable has an inner conductor surrounded by insulation and an outer shield, and is used for applications requiring minimal interference such as TV and radio frequency signals. Twisted pair cable has multiple insulated conductor pairs that are twisted together to reduce interference, and is used for voice and data communication. Fiber optic cable uses glass fibers to transmit data using light rather than electricity.
Underground cables are used for power applications where it is impractical, difficult, or dangerous to use the overhead lines. They are widely used in densely populated urban areas, in factories, and even to supply power from the overhead posts to the consumer premises.
The underground cables have several advantages over the overhead lines; they have smaller voltage drops, low chances of developing faults and have low maintenance costs. However, they are more expensive to manufacture, and their cost may vary depending on the construction as well as the voltage rating.
The underground cables are classified in two ways; by the voltage capacity, or by the construction.
By Voltage
LT cables: Low-tension cables with a maximum capacity of 1000 V
HT Cables: High-tension cables with a maximum of 11KV
ST cables: Super-tension cables with a rating of between 22 KV and 33 KV
EHT cables: Extra high-tension cables with a rating of between 33 KV and 66 KV
Extra super voltage cables: with maximum voltage ratings beyond 132 KV
By Construction
Belted cables: Maximum voltage of 11KVA
Screened cables: Maximum voltage of 66 KVA
Pressure cables: the Maximum voltage of more than 66KVA
Underground cables are used for power applications where it is impractical, difficult, or dangerous to use the overhead lines. They are widely used in densely populated urban areas, in factories, and even to supply power from the overhead posts to the consumer premises.
The underground cables have several advantages over the overhead lines; they have smaller voltage drops, low chances of developing faults and have low maintenance costs. However, they are more expensive to manufacture, and their cost may vary depending on the construction as well as the voltage rating.
The underground cables are classified in two ways; by the voltage capacity, or by the construction.
By Voltage
LT cables: Low-tension cables with a maximum capacity of 1000 V
HT Cables: High-tension cables with a maximum of 11KV
ST cables: Super-tension cables with a rating of between 22 KV and 33 KV
EHT cables: Extra high-tension cables with a rating of between 33 KV and 66 KV
Extra super voltage cables: with maximum voltage ratings beyond 132 KV
By Construction
Belted cables: Maximum voltage of 11KVA
Screened cables: Maximum voltage of 66 KVA
Pressure cables: the Maximum voltage of more than 66KVA
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Power cable selection, cable selection Methodology wessam alaslmi
Cable installation and Selection Methodology according to IEC code supported with an example of how to do so.
Explain what practical environment requires when establishing a new facility requires electricity.
explain the purpose of the selected cable.
explain when to use the cable carrier types.
explain how to carry out calculations of such thing.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Power cable selection, cable selection Methodology wessam alaslmi
Cable installation and Selection Methodology according to IEC code supported with an example of how to do so.
Explain what practical environment requires when establishing a new facility requires electricity.
explain the purpose of the selected cable.
explain when to use the cable carrier types.
explain how to carry out calculations of such thing.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
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In this slide describe What is contributor?? contributor's Qualities...and give the introduction to real contributor in my life and for the society.....
1- Low Tension Power Cable
2- Contents
Introduction
Construction
Types & sizes
Features
Application
More Details
3- Introduction
Power Cables - An assembly of two or more electrical conductors usually held together with an overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power.
4- Construction
5-
Conductor – Stranded / Solid / Circular shaped-Aluminum / Copper
Insulation – PVC /XLPE/HR PVC / Zero Halogen
Inner Sheath – PVC/HR PVC /FR/FRLS PVC
Armouring – G. S.Round Wire/ Flat Strip or Aluminum Wire /Flat Strip
Outer Sheath – PVC /HR PVC/FR/FRLS PVC /Zero Halogen
6- Types & Sizes
Types
1.1 kV PVC /XLPE as per IS : 1554 – (Part-I) / IS : 7098(Part- I)/BS /IEC.
Sizes
Single Core 1.5 to 1000 sq. mm
Multi core 1.5 to 630 sq. mm
7- Features
These cables can carry high current with high short circuit rating 250°C as against 160°C for PVC.
Dielectric losses are very less in these cables.
LT power cable is flexible, lightweight, fire-resistant in nature.
8- Application
LT power cable may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, run overhead, buried in the ground or exposed.
And Flexible power cables are used in mobile tools, portable devices, and machinery.
9- More Details At
Rallison Electricals Pvt. Ltd.
G I / 118, Mayapuri, Phase – I, New Delhi – 110064
Phone: 91-11-28112644
Mobile: 9311104000
URL: http://www.rallison.com/lt-power-cable/
Complete Description of High Quality Tempsens Make Instrumentation, Control, Signal and Mineral Insulated (MI) Cables and Wires
And Insulation offered on wires and cables.
These Cables and wires covers wide areas of applications in different types of process industries and OEMs.
This is a notes about Cables & Connectors of computer networks. It contain details about the information of different types of cables- twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optical cable, crossover cable , straight through cable, STP/UTP cables & about their connectors.
This note is about Cables & Connectors of computer networks. It contains detailed information on different types of cables- Coaxial Cable, Twisted Pair Cable, and Fiber Optic Cable.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. CABLE:-
Cables are used to carry the electric
signal.In electronic circuit the magnitude of
current is not much so cable are to carry
the signal only. Howewer in the output
circuit and in power electrics the value of
current is more. The core of wire is of
copper or aluminium which is of more
strands. Insulation of p.v.c. is provided
over the core.
3. Genral specification of cable:-
• General specifications of cable are as
following.
• (1) characteristic impedance
• (2) current carrying capacity
• (3) size of cable
• (4) flexibility
4. (1). Characteristic impedance
• As per international standerds the
characteristic impedance of cable is
50Ω,and 75Ω,cable of 50Ω is the
comprimise between the required power
rating and the attenulation is required ,
cable of 75Ω impudence is used. And
when cable with very low capicitance is
required, cable with 100Ω impudence or
125 Ω impudence is used.
5. (2) Current carrying capicity:-
• Current carrying capacity of cable is
proportional to its area of current section
of its core . The voltage drop in the cable
and the heat produced when specified
current is passed should be within the
specified limits .
• the current carrying capacity of 7/0.2
cable i.e . Cable with copperb conducter
of seven stands each of 0.2 mm is 1
ampere . Table shows maximum current
rating of different size of cable.
7. (3) Size of cable :
• while deciding the size of the cable . Attenuation and power/
voltage handling capaity are considered . Attenuation is
inversely propertional to the diameter of the conductor while
power or voltage rating is propertional to the diameter while
the weight and cost are propertional to the square of the
diameter .
• Attenuation ά 1/d
• voltage / power rating ά d
• Wieght and cost άd²
• so to reduce the cost . The diameter should be kept low
but it reduces the mechanical strength and increase the
attenuation. So after considering all these factors. The
standerd size be chosen.
8. (4) Flexibility:
• flexibility of the core cable is less and
there is possibility of breaking. Flexibility
of the standerd cable is more but the
losses are increased .
9. TYPES OF CABLE:
• there are many types of wires or cables such as
single core. Two- core, three- core , four-core,
ribbon- core , screened-cable , co-axial cable ,
twin bore cable , twisted pair-cable, Teflon
coated –cable , fiber optic-cable etc, here we shall
study the following types of cables .
• (1) ribbon cable
• (2) screened cable
• (3) co-axial cable
• (4) twisted pair cable
• (5) fiber optic cable
10. RIBBON CABLE:
• in this type of cable. Many insulated
wires of single strand are kept together
in the from of ribbon as
show in figure . It is used
when more numbers of
connections are to be
done between two print
ed circuit boards. PCB
edge connectors are
used at each end.
11. SCREENED CABLE:
• when a signal is transmitted throught single core ,
radio frequency disturbance signals ride on the
information signal. So the noice is also transmitted
along with the information signal. Screened cable is
used to prevent this .
• in this type of cable. PVC
insulation is provided over
the stranded core copper
conducters. Over the insul
ation a screen of metal is
provided. Screen earthed
at the two ends. So the
12. • So the radio frequency disturbance signals are earthe and
they do not ride on the signal.
Co-axial cable :-
This is screened type of cable.
Ther is one core of stranded
Copper conductors or single
Core of Copper conducter.
Co-axial cable
13. • over the core the insulation made of PVC is
provided. Surrounding the insulation a metal
screen is provided.
• In thin type co-axial cable. Thickness of the
core is less . While the thickness is more in
thick type co-axial cable.
• type of co- axial cables :
• (1) RG-8 and RG-11(Thicknet)
• (2) RG-58(Thinnet)
14. Application of co-axial cables:
• 1. It is used in cables for TV camera.
• 2. Co-axial cables of less attenuation and
reducer capacitance are
used for transmission of RF power .
• 3. It is used in multiplexed tele-data
acquisition system
• 4. low noise RF cables are used for the
space craft signals.
• 5. It is used in mines for communication .
• 6. It is used in CCTV system.
15. Twisted pair cable:-
• In this type of cable, there are more than
two(normally four)twisted pairs.
• Ther are two types:-
(1)UTP:-Un shieded twisted pair cables.
(2)STP:-Shielded twistd pair cables.
16. • In this oc cable. There are many pairs of
twisted conductors, Insulations of different
colours are provided over the core. Each
pair is twited.
17. Cat-1 Telephone Wire only voice signal
Cat-2 4-mbps local talk
Cat-3 10-mbps Ethernat
Cat-4 20-mbps token ring
Cat-5 100-mbps fast Ethernet
18. • In this type of cable , a metal screen or
metal foil is wrapped round each twisted
pair . Numbers of twisted pairs are four.
Over it a thick insuction is provided.Due to
this the cross talk is reducd but the cost
increases and the flexibility of the cable
decreases.
19.
20. • This type of cable is used
for fiber optic communication.
In this , fiber is used in place
of conductor and light ray is
used instead of electric
current.
21. Connectors
• The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface
to connect one device to another. Most connectors are
either male (containing one or more exposed pins) or
female (containing holes in which the male connector
can be inserted).
