The document outlines the objectives and topics to be covered in a chemistry course for nursing students. It includes a list of group members and objectives such as basic chemistry concepts, the importance of chemistry in nursing, and topics like the atom, chemical bonding, and acid-base reactions. It also explains the importance of biochemistry for nurses in understanding how the body functions and interacts with drugs and diseases.

2. GROUP MEMBERS
 Alsa Ali
 Waseela wazir
 Mustafa mansoor khan
 Muhammad husnain
 Anil kumar
 Usman khan

3. OBJECTIVES
 Basic concept of chemistry.
 Importance of chemistry in nursing.
 Atom , Matter, Element mixture & compound metal
and metalloid.
 Chemical formula, molecular formula, empirical
formula, chemical reaction & chemical equation.
 chemical bonding ( ionic, covelant & Co-ordinator)
 Balacing chemical equation
 Redox reaction ( oxidation & reduction)
 Acid base

4. CHEMISTRY
A Brach of science that deals with the study of
composition, structure, and properties of substance and
transformations that undergo.

5. IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN NURSING
 Biochemistry is crucial to nurses in understanding how the human
body functions in both normal and various disease states.
 It gives information how energy is produced in human body.
 biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of
biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates and lipids.
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6. CONTINUE…
 Macromolecules provide the structure of cells and perform many of
the functions associated with life.
 Biochemistry help in understanding blood gases, fluid-electrolyte
balance. it helps in understanding inflammatory processes and their
path physiology.
 Nurses will be able to interpret ate data, which will help them to
make decisions for patient care.
 It will help them to understand how the drug works its side effects,
interactive effects and adverse effects.

7. ATOM
Atom is the basic and structural unit of Matter. it is composed of following
particles: Electron, Proton and Neutron.
MATTER
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It is composed of atoms.
Everything around is composed of matter.
ELEMENT
An element is a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom. Cannot be
broken down into simpler components. e.g. Oxygen
COMPOUND
A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in
definite proportion by weight. e.g. Water
MIXTURE
A Mixture is combination of two or more elements, in which the
chemical components of elements remain same. Sand in water

8. METAL
A metal is a metrial that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fracture,
show lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively
well. Examples gold, iron, silver, copper
NON METAL
Non metal is a chemical element that generally lacks a predominance of metallic
properties; they rang from colourless gases (like hydrogen) to shiny and high
melting temperature solid (like boron). They usually are poor conductors of
heat and electricity. example boron ,carbon, oxygen, chlorine
METTALOID
Metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a properties are a
mixture of, those of metal and non metals.
Example silicon, antimony

9. CHEMICAL FORMULA
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a
particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also
other symbols,
EMPRICAL FORMULA
the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a
compound. the empirical formula of sulfur monoxide, or SO,
glucose (C6H12O6), ribose (C5H10O5), acid Acetic (C2H4O2), all have different molecular formulas but the
same empirical formula.
MOLECULAR FORMULA
Molecular formulae indicate the simple numbers of each type of atom in a molecule of a molecular substance.
An example of the difference is the empirical formula for glucose, which is CH2O (ratio 1:2:1), while its
molecular formula is C6H12O6 (number of atoms 6:12:6). For water, both formulae are H2O.
Cont…..

10.  Chemical reaction
 A chemical reaction is a process that result in some chemical change to
one or more substances.
 Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds between atoms are
formed or broken. The substances that go into a chemical reaction are
called the reactants, and the substances produced at the end of the
reaction are known as the products. An arrow is drawn between the
reactants and products to indicate the direction of the chemical reaction
 A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical
reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein
the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and
the product entities on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the
entities in both the reactants and the products and an arrow that points
towards the products, and shows the direction of the reaction.

11. Chemical bonding
The force that holds the atoms or molecule together in compound is
known as chemical bonding
There are three types of chemical bond
Ionic bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charge ions (cation
and anion) is called ion bond.
Covalent bond
The covalent bond formed by mutual sharing of electron between two
atom is called covalent bond
Co-ordinate
The bond formed by sharing of an electron by one atom with other atom
is called co-oradinate

12.  Balancing equation
1) P4 + O2 P2O3
 p4 + 3O2 2P2O3
2) GaF3 + Cs CsF + Ga
 GaF3 + 3Cs 3CsF + Ga
3) CF4 + Br2 CBr4 + F2
 CF4 + 2Br CBR4 + 2F2
4) NaPO4 + KOH NaOH + K3PO4
 NaPO4 + 3KOH 3NaOH + K3PO4

14. Acid
Acid gives off hydrogen ion (h+) when dissolved in water
Acid has a sour taste.
Its ph value range from 1 to 7
Acid are proton donors or (on‾) ion acepters.
Example
HCL, H2SO4etc
Base
Base gives off hydroxyl ion when dissolved in water
Base has bitter taste and soapy to touch.
It has ph value 7 to 14.
Base are (oh‾) ion donars or proton acepters
Example
HaOH, KOH

15. Conjugate Acids and Bases
The acid and base which differ by proton, are said to form conjugate acid and base pair•
A conjugate acid is formed when a proton is added to a base, and a conjugate base is
formed when a proton is removed from an acid.
Examples: Consider the following reaction,
CH_COOH + H,O + CH3COO + HgO+
In this above equation Acid: CH₂COOH, Conjugate
Base: CH2 COO Acid: H₂O¹Base: H₂O, Conjugate
Note:
Conjugate Acid form by adding H+ ion on base,
Conjugate base form by removing H+ ion from acid.