The document discusses several key aspects of pronunciation beyond individual sounds and words. It notes that there is more to pronunciation than just sounds, and discusses factors like intonation, stress, and rhythm which can impact meaning. The document also examines features of connected speech like elision, assimilation, and liaison that cause sounds to blend together in fast, casual speech. It distinguishes between careful and rapid colloquial speech, noting rapid speech involves more reductions and simplifications.

1. Beyond the chart and away from accent
Henrick Oprea

2. fə ˈmenɪ ˈpiːpl ˈtiːʧɪŋ prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃən miːnz
ˈtiːʧɪŋ ðə fəʊˈniːmɪk ˈælfəbɪt tə ˈstjuːdənts ənd
ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊə ðeɪ get ɔːl ðiː ˌɪndɪˈvɪdjʊəl saʊndz
raɪt
haʊˈevə ðeəz ə lɒt mɔː tə prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃən ðæn
ʤʌst ðiː ˌɪndɪˈvɪdjʊəl saʊndz ənd wɜːdz

3. Adrian Underhill – Sound Foundations

7. • They live in aanice old house.
 They live in nice old house.
• They live in aalovely old house.
 They live in lovely old house.
 They have been living in a
• They’ve been living in a delightful
delightful old house.
old house.
 They have been living in a
• They’ve been living in a delightful
delightful old cottage.
old cottage.
 They have been living in a
• They’ve been living in cottage.
delightful Victorian
a delightful
Victorian cottage.

8.  João Maria foram clube.
• João Maria foram clube.
 João e Maria foram ao clube
• João e Maria foram ao clube
 John Mary went club.
• John Mary Mary went to the
 John and went club.
club.
• John and Mary went to the club.

9.  Syllable-timed language
 Stress-timed language

10.  I’m going to town to buy some
fruits and vegetables.
 I always visit my parents in the
summer.
 My aunt and uncle live in the
North of England.
 I think we’ll eat in the dining
room, for a change.

11.  Stressed  Unstressed
◦ Content words ◦ Function words
 Nouns  Pronouns
 Main verbs  Prepositions
 Adverbs  Conjunctions
 Adjectives  Auxiliary verbs
Is this always true?
Can this “rule” be bent?

12. Say the following sentence trying to convey as
many different meanings as possible. Do not
add or remove any word.
“I didn’t say he stole the money”

13. Does intonation matter????
“It is not what you say, but the way you say it.”
Agree??? Why (not)?

14.  Hurry up!
 We’ve got plenty of time
 I’m hungry
 You’re late
 You’re early
 You’re on time
 You didn’t set the alarm clock
 Yippee!!!
 He’ll have had his operation by
now!
 Be quiet

15.  Elision
 Assimilation
 Liaison
 Intrusive sounds

16. “Those who sold quickly made a profit.”
What does it mean?
a. A profit was made by those who sold quickly.
b. A profit was quickly made by those who sold.

17.  They enable us to express emotions and
attitudes, adding a special kind of “meaning” to
spoken language.
 They are useful when showing which syllable
should be stressed. Teachers do it a lot when
correcting students, or when emphasizing a
certain part of the sentence. This emphasis may
change or not the meaning of the sentence.
 Grammatical function
 Making a difference – new information vs. old
information (Nouns and Pronouns, for instance)

18.  The degree of simplification of sounds depends
largely on the speed and context of the
utterance, as well as on the characteristics of the
speaker. Thus, a slower and more careful delivery
may remain closer to dictionary
pronunciation, while a faster and less careful
delivery will contain a greater degree of
simplification. These two speeds of delivery can
be respectively called careful colloquial speech
and rapid colloquial speech.

19.  Contains all types of
simplifications to a moderate
degree;
 Words remain closer to
their dictionary pronunciation;
 Likely to be used in a more formal setting;
 E.g., newscasters and announcers on the BBC
World Service.

20.  More extensive simplifications;
 Words may be further from
their dictionary pronunciation;
 Used in less formal settings;
 Faster deliver and less care and attention to
precise articulation on the part of the speaker.
 E.g., native speakers talking informally to one
another.