This document provides an overview of key concepts for shooting video, including the main components of a camera, camera functions, lenses, camera shots, lighting, and other technical aspects of video production. It discusses camera components like the lens, sensor, and viewfinder. It also covers topics such as focal length, aperture, depth of field, field of view shots, lighting ratios, and camera mounts and stabilization. The goal is to educate about proper techniques for capturing high-quality video footage.

1. TCF 333
Shooting Video I
Dr. Chandra Clark

2. Camera Functions
-Lens
-Imaging Device/Pickup Device/Sensor
-Sensors:
*CCD-charge coupled device
*CMOS-complementary
metal oxide semiconductor
-Pixels
-Chips
-Viewfinder

3. Camera Chain
Lens-main part of camera
Zoom-doesn’t look good unless there’s a purpose
Focus-should not look blurry; focus in on eyes or main
subject
Gain-sensors that trick the camera into thinking they are
getting more light

4. Electronic Features
Scanning HDTV – 720p and 1080i- true high definition
Aspect Ratio – 16x9, 4x3
Shutter speed-avoid blurriness
White Balance-sets your colors by adjusting RGB; red,
green, and blue
Viewfinder
Tally Light
Hue/Saturation/Brightness

5. HDTV Lines of Resolution
Resolution-sharpness of the picture/determined by number
of scanning lines
HDTV 720 & 1080/720p and 1080i
I=interlaced scanning
P-progressive scanning

6. Progressive vs. Interlaced

7. Progressive vs. Interlaced

8. NTSC & PAL Lines of Resolution
NTSC: 525 lines/480 visible/PAL: 625 lines/25 frames per second

9. Contrast Control
How much light or darkness to let in
Avoid extreme contrasts
Best ratio is 50:1 – “brightest picture area can be only 50
times brighter than darkest area”
Monitor it with a waveform monitor

10. Lenses
Zoom range – degree to which you can change the focal length
Expressed as 50:1 50x1; maximum magnification of the image

11. Zoom Lenses

12. Video Camera Zoom Lenses

13. Focal Length
-Distance from the optical center to the front surface of the
imaging device
Wide
Normal
Telephoto

14. Distances
Focus: distance from the lens to the camera’s imaging
device
Minimum Object Distance: point where the camera is as
close as it can get and still focus
Calibrate-keep it in focus during a zoom; focus in on eyes
Depth of field: objects are in focus at different distances
F-stop/Aperture/Iris: how much light goes through the lens
 Higher the numbers, the smaller the aperture; lens
closed considerably
Lower the numbers, the larger the aperture, lens is wide
open

15. F-Stop

16. Camera Moves
Pan - move from side to side
Tilt - move up and down
Truck - move forward and back on wheels
Cant - tilt camera sideways
Zoom - move in and out with lens; narrow or
wide

17. Who Shoots the Video?
If YOU don’t, it doesn’t show up in the media.
Photojournalist
Photographer
Videojournalist
Videographer
Multimedia journalist (MMJ)
Reporter
Gatekeeper

18. Camera Mounts
Tripod - three legged mount
Monopod - single pole to mount camera
Mounting head - connects the camera to
tripod
Tripod plate-Every tripod has a different one
Camera stabilizing system - vest holds
camera

19. Tripods

20. Monopods

21. Camera Stabilizing System

22. Keeping it Steady
Impossible if breathing
Lean against wall or tree
Shoulder mounts help
Keep elbows in
Natural tripods are great
Move only for 1)action or 2)
motivated

23. Field of View/Camera Shots
Establishing shot, wide, extreme long
Long or full shot
Medium shot or waist
Medium close up/interview shot/chest up
Closeup - head
Extreme closeup - eyes, ears, hands
Framing resource

25. B-roll/Interview Shots
Two-shot
Three-shot
Over the shoulder
Interview/Cross-shot
Nodding Head
Cutaways

26. Giving Room
Headroom
Noseroom
Leadroom
Too profiled
Rule of thirds
180 Degree rule
Z-axis creates depth
Avoid poles/lines/trees growing out of heads

28. Recent Examples:
Caitlyn Chastain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZJ0NSgidiQ
Bryant Somerville
http://www.abc3340.com/story/23283657/four-little-golden-
girls-revisits-the-past-educates-future

29. Depth of Field – shallow, normal,
wide

30. Shallow Depth of field

31. Normal Depth of Field

32. Wide Depth of Field

33. WideLenses

34. Narrow Angle Lens

35. Wide vs. Short Angle Lens