TB(tuberculosis) Lecture for community awareness

2. Tuberculosis

3. Contents
What is Tuberculosis
?
What is the difference between TB infection and TB disease
?
How is TB transmitted
?
What are the symptoms of the disease
?
When should you see a doctor
?
What are the causes of TB infection
?
When should a TB test be performed
?
How is TB diagnosed
?
How is TB treated
?
What are the complications of TB infection
?
What you should know about TB medications
.
What are the ways to prevent TB infection
?

4. What is Tuberculosis
?
o Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease that usually spreads
from person to person through the air. The disease is called
pulmonary tuberculosis when the bacteria attack the lungs, while
it is called extrapulmonary tuberculosis when it attacks other parts
of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain, etc.
o The World Health Organization classifies tuberculosis as a global
health problem and calls on all countries to cooperate to eradicate
it.

5. What is the difference between TB infection and
TB disease?
TB infection, also known as
latent (inactive) TB*, is when
the bacteria are present in the
body but are inactive, do not
cause any symptoms, and are
not contagious
.
TB disease or active TB**
means that the TB bacteria
are active and cause
symptoms of the disease
.

6.  A person with pulmonary TB can be a
source of infection for others but stops
transmitting the infection after receiving
appropriate treatment.
 A person with extrapulmonary TB is
generally not a source of infection for
others.

7. How is TB transmitted?
• TB spreads through the air via droplets
expelled from the mouth or nose of a person
with pulmonary TB during coughing, sneezing,
talking, or laughing*.
However, the disease is not transmitted through handshakes, sharing food,
or touching objects that an infected person has touched, such as
household items and sanitary facilities in bathrooms
.

8. What are the symptoms of the disease?
o The symptoms of the disease vary from one patient to another, and the symptoms may be mild or may not
appear in some infected individuals.
General Symptoms
o General weakness and fatigue.
o Weight loss and loss of appetite.
o Slight increase in body temperature.
o Night sweats.

9. What are the symptoms of the disease?
o The symptoms of the disease vary from one patient to another, and the symptoms may be mild or may not
appear in some infected individuals.
Chest symptoms for pulmonary TB patients only
o Persistent cough for more than 3 weeks, which may be
dry or accompanied by sputum (with or without blood)
and does not respond to regular treatment.
o Chest pain.
o Shortness of breath.

10. What are the symptoms of the disease?
o The symptoms of the disease vary from one patient to another, and the symptoms may be mild or may not
appear in some infected individuals.
Symptoms of extrapulmonary TB
*
o Swollen lymph nodes.
o Pain and swelling when joints are affected.
o Headache, fever, stiff neck, and drowsiness when
meningitis is caused by TB.

11. When should you see a doctor?
o When experiencing:
o Fever.
o Unexplained weight loss.
o Severe night sweats.
o A cough that lasts for 3 weeks or more.
These are often signs of TB, but these symptoms can also
be caused by other health problems
.

12. What are the causes of TB infection?
o Anyone can be at risk of developing TB, but some people are more at risk, including:
o Those living in countries with a high incidence of TB.
o Those who have close and prolonged contact with an infected person.
o People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / AIDS.
o Those with health problems that weaken the immune system.
o Those receiving treatments that weaken the immune system, such as chemotherapy.
o Young children or the elderly.
o Drug and alcohol addicts.

13. When should a TB test be performed?
o For people who have been in contact with a TB patient or someone suspected of having TB.
o For people receiving treatments that weaken the immune system (cancer patients), such as
chemotherapy.
o If TB symptoms appear and the doctor requests tests.
o If the workplace requires tests, such as for healthcare workers and others.
o Applicants for new residency visas and their renewal for expatriates as part of medical fitness
examinations.

14. How is TB diagnosed?
The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination, and may also request
additional procedures as needed, such as:
If TB is suspected within the lungs
o Blood tests.
o Sputum sample test.
o Chest X-ray.
o Skin tests.

15. How is TB diagnosed?
The doctor takes the medical history and performs a clinical examination, and may request
additional procedures as needed, such as
:
In case of suspected infection outside the lungs
o CT scan, or MRI.
o Ultrasound examination.
o Endoscopy.
o Blood and urine analyses and tests.
o Biopsy to take a small sample of tissues or fluids.
o Take a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid.

16. How is tuberculosis treated?
o Treatment is carried out through several procedures or
as needed and may include the following:
o Antibiotics.
o Hospitalization in an isolation room as required by the
case

17. How is tuberculosis treated?
o Treatment is carried out through several procedures or as
needed and may include the following:
o Patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis generally do not
require hospitalization, and the treatment period varies,
sometimes lasting up to a year, and is also under direct
supervision until treatment is completed.

18. Complete recovery from
tuberculosis is only achieved by
the patient completing the full
treatment period prescribed by
the doctor, even if their condition
improves.

19. What should be known about tuberculosis
medications?
Tuberculosis medications are usually
safe, but some people experience side
effects that require consulting a doctor
.

20. What are the complications of tuberculosis?
Failure to receive
treatment can cause death
and may affect the lungs
and other parts of the
body.

21. What are the complications of tuberculosis?
Joint
damage
Liver or
kidney
problems
Spinal pain
*.
Meningitis
Heart
disorders
.

22. What are the ways to prevent tuberculosis?
o Avoid crowded places and ensure good ventilation.
o Adhere to healthy practices that promote health and strengthen the
immune system, such as healthy nutrition and exercise.
o Quit smoking, especially shisha, and alcoholic beverages.
o Maintain personal hygiene and wash hands thoroughly.

23. What are the ways to prevent tuberculosis?
o Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing and do not
spit on the ground.
o Ensure children are vaccinated against tuberculosis according to the
routine immunization schedule in the pink child health card.
o Examine all contacts of the patient and treat them if necessary.

24. We are all health promoters