the presentation includes details about head works and barrages, how they operate, what are the differences between them and it includes a list of names of different barrages and head works in Pakistan.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam.
Greatest water resources
The Dam is built on one of the World’s largest rivers – the Indus known as the “Abbasin” or the father of rivers
The World Bank accepted Tarbela Dam Project in 1965
WAPDA was entrusted with its execution on behalf of Govt. of Pak
General consultant of WAPDA is HAZARA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Built between 1968 and 1976
Project Consists of a 9,000 (2,743 meters) long.
It has a volume of 138,600,000
cubic yards (106,000,000 cubic m).
Reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet (13,690,000,000 cubic m).
The dam is 469 feet (143 m) high.
The Dam is 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest.
The total spillway capacity is 1,500,000
This article covers all the headworks and barrages in Pakistan and their facts and figures. It could be a good topic for presentation specially for those who want to present related to pakistan.
The Kaveri is a large Indian river. The origin of the river is at Talakaveri , Kodagu in Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal mouths In Poompuhar , Tamilnadu.
The Maithon Dam is 48 km from Dhanbad, in the state of Jharkhand.
DVC is the first-ever multipurpose river valley project of independent India
DVC has been generating, transmitting & distributing electrical energy since 1953
Discussion on types of soil, floods, interlinking of rivers, fisheries etc
Problems faced in Maithon dam in respect of power generation, sedimentation.
Preventive measures to be taken for sedimentation.
the presentation includes details about head works and barrages, how they operate, what are the differences between them and it includes a list of names of different barrages and head works in Pakistan.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam.
Greatest water resources
The Dam is built on one of the World’s largest rivers – the Indus known as the “Abbasin” or the father of rivers
The World Bank accepted Tarbela Dam Project in 1965
WAPDA was entrusted with its execution on behalf of Govt. of Pak
General consultant of WAPDA is HAZARA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Built between 1968 and 1976
Project Consists of a 9,000 (2,743 meters) long.
It has a volume of 138,600,000
cubic yards (106,000,000 cubic m).
Reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet (13,690,000,000 cubic m).
The dam is 469 feet (143 m) high.
The Dam is 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest.
The total spillway capacity is 1,500,000
This article covers all the headworks and barrages in Pakistan and their facts and figures. It could be a good topic for presentation specially for those who want to present related to pakistan.
The Kaveri is a large Indian river. The origin of the river is at Talakaveri , Kodagu in Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal mouths In Poompuhar , Tamilnadu.
The Maithon Dam is 48 km from Dhanbad, in the state of Jharkhand.
DVC is the first-ever multipurpose river valley project of independent India
DVC has been generating, transmitting & distributing electrical energy since 1953
Discussion on types of soil, floods, interlinking of rivers, fisheries etc
Problems faced in Maithon dam in respect of power generation, sedimentation.
Preventive measures to be taken for sedimentation.
SSP would generate electricity. On completion, annual additional agricultural production would be Rs. 1600 crores, power generation and water supply Rs. 175 crores, aggregating about Rs. 2175 crores every year equivalent to about Rs. 6.0 crores a day.
Gujarat-india-engineering-mega structure.
It is the case study of world's largest earth filled dam (TARBELA DAM). It is located in Pakistan. This presentation is helpful for the management students of civil engineering.
If you want to know more about this dam, kindly message me.
Field visit report of Moragahakanda reservoir project Deshan Arachchige
this report contain description about project and construction process,all information are gathered during visit by Kotelawela Defence University and literature.
A case study on polavarm , Dowleswaram, Prakasam ProjectsLokeswar
If you construct a house/building it will useful to that family, But when you construct Irrigation Projects like Srisailam Dam, Dowleswaram Barrage etc., will help to nation-building and I'm proud to be present this ppt
Arial view link Dowleswaram : https://youtu.be/ucxrME4FIiY
Animation Video Of Polavarm Link : https://youtu.be/RuzejiIKUZA
Similar to Pakistandams 150815052252-lva1-app6891 (20)
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. PAKISTAN
DAMS AND BARRAGES
1.1 Importance of Dams for
Pakistan
Pakistan is highly dependent on agriculture,
which in turn is dependent on water. Of the79.6
million hectares of land that makeup Pakistan,
20 million are available for agricultural. Of
those 20 million hectares, 16 million are
dependent on irrigation. It is estimated that up
to 90% of Pakistan’s agriculture is dependent
on irrigation. An even more important fact is
that many of Pakistan’s industries are agro-
based, such as the textiles industry. Pakistan
is fortunate in the soils, topography and
climate, which are suitable for year round
agriculture. Major agricultural areas lie within
the plains formed by Indus River and its
tributaries, namely Kabul, Chenab, Ravi,
Jhelum and Sutlej. Indus plains are like a
2. tunnel with number of water sources at the top,
converging into single stream, which flows into
the Arabian Sea, near the city of Karachi. First
canal were constructed some 5to 6 centuries
ago and extended under the great Mogul
emperors. In earlier l9th century, there were
numerous inundation canals leading from
Indus and its tributaries. World's largest
contiguous irrigation project was started in l9th
century. After independence in1947, many
more developments in the canal systems were
made. Different barrages/canals i.e., (Kotri
barrage-1956, Taunsa barrage-1958 and
Guddu barrage-1962), link canals (Marala-Ravi
(MR), Bambanwala-Ravi-Bedian-Dipalpur
(BRBD) andBalloki-Salimanki (B S) were
constructed.
1.2 Dams in Pakistan:
Three main dams
Mangla, Tarbela and Warsak were constructed
for the purpose of generating electricity and
3. irrigating agricultural land. In addition, there
are 23barrages/head works/syphons; main
irrigation canals are 45, which have extended
up to40,000 miles. Similarly, there are 90,000
water courses, which are extended up to one
million miles.
Tarbela Dam:
The world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the
world's most important rivers- the Indus - is 103
km from Rawalpindi. The dam was completed in
1976 at a cost of Rs.18.5 billion. Over
15,000Pakistani and 800 foreign workers and
engineers worked during its construction. It is the
biggest hydel power station in Pakistan having a
capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. Its
reservoir is 97 km long with a depth of 137 meters
while total area of the lake is 260 Sq Km. The
Damand Power House can be visited after
acquiring permits from the Water and Power
Development Authority (WAPDA)along with a No-
5. The Mangla Dam on the River
Jhelum is one of the longest earth-fill dams in
the world. The Indus Basin treaty of 1960 with
India paved the way for its construction. The
treaty provided for two dams, one on the River
Jhelum at Mangla and the other on the Indus at
Tarbela. World's third largest earth-filled dam is
only 115 km south-east of Rawalpindi. One has
to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on
river Jhelum is about 14 km to the east. The
dam is 3,353 meters (11,000 ft) long and 116
meters high above the river bed with a crest
elevation of 1,234 feet. It is designed to store
5.88 MAF water and also used for power
generation. In the centre of the dam there is
the Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a
panoramic view of the lake. The Dam and
Power House can be visited after acquiring
permits from the Water and Power
Development Authority (WAPDA) along with a
6. No-Objection Certificate (NOC) from the
Ministry of Interior. Besides the main dam,
Sukian Dyke, 17,000 feet in length, and a small
dam 3,700 feet long to block the Jari Nala were
also constructed. Jari Dam is 11 miles from New
Mirpur. Mangla Dam has two spill way son the
right side. The main spillway has a normal
service capacity of 900,000 cusecs. It has nine
gates 36 feet wide and40 feet high. The second
is an emergency spillway. Its design provides
for a future increase of48 feet in height.
7. WARSAK DAM:
The gignatic multi-purpose Warsak Dam on
River Kabul is situated 30 KMs north-west of
Peshawar in the heart of tribal territory. It has a
total generating capacity of 240,000 KW and
8. will eventually serve to irrigate 110,000 acres of
land.
The 250 ft. high and 460 ft. long dam with
reservoir of 4 square miles had a live storage
capacity of 25,300 acre-feet of water for
irrigation of 119,000 acres of land and meeting
power generation requirement. A spillway with
nine gates is capable to discharge 540,000
cusecs of flood water.
9. KHANPUR DAM:
This beautiful lake/dam is 48
km from Islamabad on Taxila-Haripur Road. It is
an ideal place for day trip/picnic, boating,
angling and watching migratory birds during
winter. KhanpurDam has been constructed in a
narrow gorge on the Haro River. It is a multi
purpose project which supplies drinking water
10. to Islamabad and Rawalpindi and irrigation
water to KPK (110 cusecs) and Punjab
(87cusecs).Khanpurvillage, from which the dam
derives its name, has been submerged by there
servoir, so a new Khanpur town has been built
downstream of the Dam. The dam is167 feet
high and stores 106,000 acre feet of water.
Construction was started in 1968and
completed in 1983 at a cost of Rs.1352 million.
Ghazi Barotha Hydro Power Project:
Ghazi
Barotha Hydro Power Project is a Run-of-the-
River power project on the Indus River located
downstream of Tarbela Dam. The project
provides the nation with a continuous peak
power of 1450mw, 24 hours a day. The project
was completed during the fiscal year 2003-
2004. This is a major run of river and
environmentally sustain able project designed
11. to meet the acute shortage of peak power
demand in the country. Ghazi Barotha
Hydropower Project with a generation capacity
of 1450 MW and an average energy output of
6600 GWh is a large, renewable and emission
free source ofenergy towards WAPDA’s Vision
2025 goals. The Project has three main
components, a Barrage, a Power Channel and a
Power Complex.
The Barrage:
located 7 km downstream of
Tarbela Dam, provides a pond which re-
regulates the daily discharge from Tarbela by
diverting the flow into the Power Channel.
Power channel:
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project
holds the record for the biggest concrete lined
12. in the world which conveys a design flow of
1600 cumecs (56,500cusecs) of water from the
barrage to the power complex. The channel is
52 km long with a bed slope of 1 in 9600, a
water depth of 9 m, a base width of 58.4 m and
a velocity of 2.33 m/sec.
13. The Power Complex:
is located near the
confluence of the Indus and Haro rivers. It
comprises a fore bay , a siphon, spillway , two
head ponds, a power in take structure ,
penstocks, a power house with five 290 MW
each turbo generators and a tailrace channel.
Misriot Dam:
Misriot dam is located 12 km
south-west of Rawalpindi. This small dam has
an artificial lake with boating and fishing
facilities. Fishing permit may be obtained from
fishing guardat Misriot. It has a pleasant
landscape and walkways beyond the lake
among eruptions of black rocks.
Tanaza Dam:
14. It is a small dam located at about 35 Km south-
west of Rawalpindi on Dhamial Road.Ideal for a
day trip, the lake has a quiet atmosphere.
1.3 WAPDA training centers:
The Water and
Power Development Authority (WAPDA) of
Pakistan has numerous training centers in the
country providing quality training to national
and international Power sector employees.
Some of the training centers are as follows:
WAPDA Staff College, Islamabad.
WAPDA Engineering Academy (Water &
Power), Faisalabad
Thermal Generation Training Center, Guddu
15. Hydel Training Center, Mangla
Technical Services Group, Lahore
8 Regional Training Centers (RTCs), one at each
DISCO