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Hydropower Generation in Pakistan
Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, generates electricity from the kinetic energy of flowing water. It has been used since the late 19th century and provides around 35% of Pakistan's energy needs. Several large hydropower plants have been completed in Pakistan, including the Tarbela and Mangla Dams, which have capacities of 3,500MW and 1,000MW respectively. Currently, several major projects are under construction like the Neelum-Jhelum Project and Diamer-Bhasha Dam. Hydropower has an efficiency of around 80% and is seen as Pakistan's best solution for meeting future energy demands in a renewable way.
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Hydropower Generation in Pakistan
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- 2. What is Hydropower? Hydropower ( from hydro meaning water) is energy that comes from the force moving water. The fall and movement of water is part of a continuous natural cycle called the water cycle.
- 3. Hydropower iscalled a renewable energy source because the water on the earth is continuously replenished by precipitation. As long as the water cycle continues, we won’t run out of this energy source.
- 4. History Of Hydropower In 19th Century, Hydropower Became a source for Generating Of Electricity. The First Hydropower Plant Was Build at Niagara Falls in 1879. In 1881, street lamps in the city of Niagara Falls were powered by hydropower.In 1882 the world’s first hydroelectric power plant began operating in the United States in Appleton , Wisconsin.
- 5. Power Production inPakistan Pakistan meets its energy requirement around 35% by oil (approx.) 35% by hydro electricity (approx.) 29% indigenous gas 29% indigenous gas Coal and nuclear contribution to energy supply is limited to 0.16% and 2.84% respectively with a vast pontantial for growth
- 7. Existing Installed Gereration Capacity Typeof Generation Installed Capacity (MW) Derated/Dependable Capacity (MW) Availability (MW) Summer Winter WAPDA Hydro 6444 6444 6250 2300 GENCOs 4829 3580 2780 3222 IPPs (incl Nucleal) 7911 7695 5750 6900 Rental 62 60 60 60 Total 19246 17779 14840 12482
- 8. Maximum Electrical Shortages Summer5022MW Winter 2469MW
- 9. Completed Projects TARBELA Dam Largestland filled dam in World and Pakistan Built on indus River at TARBELA 60km North of Islamabad Capacity: 3500MW
- 10. Completed Projects MANGLA Dam Builton River Jhelum near Town of Mirpur AZAD KASHMIR Capacity: 1000MW
- 11. Completed Projects GhaziBarrotha Run of the river project Capacity: 1450MW
- 12. Ongoing Projects NEELUM-JHELUM Project NearMuzaffarabad on conjection River Neelum and River Jhelum Capacity: 969MW Cost: Rs 130 Billion Status: 90% Completed
- 13. Ongoing Projects Diamer BhashaDam Located on indus River ( Gilgit Baltistan) Capacity: 4500MW Cost: $12.6 Billion
- 14. Ongoing Projects KohalaHydel Project Capacity: 1100MW Starting Date: 2012 Completion period 6 years Project Cost :$2.12 Billion
- 15. Ongoing Projects Bunji Dam RiverIndus in Gilgit (Karakaram Highway) Capacity:7100MW Starting Date:2012 Project Cost:$ 7 Billion Once completed will be PAKISTAN’s largest dam
- 16. Ongoing Projects DasuHydropower Projects Located on River Indus, 74 km downstream of Diamer Bhasha Dam Capacity:4320MW Completion Period 8-14 years Project Cost: $5.28 Billion
- 17. Small Level Completed Projects Chashma Project: 184MW Rasul Project: 22MW Malakand Project: 20MW Dargai Dam: 20MW Other : 40MW
- 18. Under Construction Small LevelProjects Gomal Zam Dam :17.4MW Satpara Dam 17.36MW Dubbar Khwar, Kohistan:130MW Allai Khwar, Battagram:121MW Jinnah Hydropower:96MW
- 19. Kurram Tangi:84MW Golen Gol, Chitral: 106MW Munda Dam, Swat: 740MW Patan Dam, Indus River :2800MW Others: 1500MW
- 20. Efficiency Efficiency ofHydroelectric power is nearly 80% Solar Energy is Nearly 20-25% Coal Energy is nearly 55%
- 21. Conclusion Considering allthe energy resources, hydroelectric energy is the only solution to the current problem of energy crisis Because: Solar energy has less efficiency and very high initial cost Wind energy has high initial cost but can’t provide much energy to meet the demand Coal can fulfill the demand but non renewable.
- 22. The onlysolution to meet such a high demand and considering the renewable source as water, Hydroelectric power can be the best solution of the current problem as well as the future energy crisis problem