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Desiccant and Pharmaceutical coil for Packaging Saurav Anandhncsaurav
DESICCANTS ARE HYGROSCOPIC SUBSTANCE
THAT REMOVE MOISTURE FROM ITS SURROUNDING.
ENVIRNMENT,OR SAY IT ATTRACT & RETAIN WATER
VAPOR TOWARDS ITSELF.
Syn; HYGROSCOPY,DELIQUESCENCE,HUMECTANT
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DESICCANT.
SILICA GEL
INDICATING SILICA GELS
MOLECULAR SIEVES
DESICCANT CLAY (MONTMORILLONITE CLAY)
CALCIUM OXIDE
Pharmaceutical coil is substance that ensures freshness and stability to the product during shipping and storing.
COTTON,RAYON and POLYESTER
A fundamental consideration for handling and discharge arrangements for cereal products in the chain from field to end of process is that of controlling the generation of fugitive material (dust) into the atmosphere. The need to control dust levels is driven by a number of factors such as the long term health of operators, plant hygiene or plant operational safety (ATEX/DSEAR).
Preservation of Probiotic Bacteria by Freeze-Drying, and Achieving Stomach an...BTL
Preservation of Probiotic Bacteria by Freeze-Drying, and Achieving Stomach and Bile Acid Resistance: A TSB-funded research project by BTL, Microbial Development Ltd and the University of Cambridge.
Desiccant and Pharmaceutical coil for Packaging Saurav Anandhncsaurav
DESICCANTS ARE HYGROSCOPIC SUBSTANCE
THAT REMOVE MOISTURE FROM ITS SURROUNDING.
ENVIRNMENT,OR SAY IT ATTRACT & RETAIN WATER
VAPOR TOWARDS ITSELF.
Syn; HYGROSCOPY,DELIQUESCENCE,HUMECTANT
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DESICCANT.
SILICA GEL
INDICATING SILICA GELS
MOLECULAR SIEVES
DESICCANT CLAY (MONTMORILLONITE CLAY)
CALCIUM OXIDE
Pharmaceutical coil is substance that ensures freshness and stability to the product during shipping and storing.
COTTON,RAYON and POLYESTER
A fundamental consideration for handling and discharge arrangements for cereal products in the chain from field to end of process is that of controlling the generation of fugitive material (dust) into the atmosphere. The need to control dust levels is driven by a number of factors such as the long term health of operators, plant hygiene or plant operational safety (ATEX/DSEAR).
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Industrial Hazards and Their Safety Measure in Textile IndustryAzmir Latif Beg
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. Textile industries involve diverse operations including fiber synthesis, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing. Textile operations have been studied extensively and found numerous health and safety issues associated with the textile industry.
Decontamination is an essential part of safeguarding worker health and safety while ensuring that no contaminants escape into clean areas, unintentionally exposing workers to harmful compounds.
Bioassay (commonly used shorthand for biological assay), or biological standardization is a type of scientific experiment. A bioassay involves the use of a live animal (in vivo) or tissue (in vitro) to determine the biological activity of a substance, such as a hormone or drug. Bioassays are typically conducted to measure the effects of a substance on a living organism and are essential in the development of new drugs and in monitoring environmental pollutants. Both are procedures by which the potency or the nature of a substance is estimated by studying its effects on living matter. A bioassay can also be used to determine the concentration of a particular constitution of a mixture.
Dissolution is pharmaceutically defined as the rate of mass transfer from a solid
surface into the dissolution medium or solvent under standardized conditions of
liquid/solid interface, temperature and solvent composition.
OFFICIAL DISSOLUTION APPARATUS
USP 30 classification
1. Rotating Basket (Ph.Eur./BP/JP)
2. Paddle (Ph.Eur./BP/JP)
3. Reciprocating Cylinder (Ph.Eur.)
4. Flow Through Cell (Ph.Eur./BP/JP)
5. Paddle Over Disk (Ph.Eur.)
6. Rotating Cylinder (Ph.Eur.)
7. Reciprocating Holder
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. TABLET PRODUCTION
Compiled by-Shamon Ahmad Gaur, M.Pharma (Q.A) Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali Punjab(India)
email-shmmon@gmail.com
Pharmaceutical manufacturing of dosage forms:
Drug substances are converted into dosage-form products before they are dispensed or
administered to humans or animals. Active drug substances are mixed with
pharmaceutical necessities(excipiens), such as binders, fillers, flavouring and bulking
agents, preservatives and antioxidants. These ingredients may be dried, milled, blended,
compressed and granulated to achieve the desired properties before they are
manufactured as a final formulation. Tablets and capsules are very common oral dosage
forms; another common form is sterile liquids for injection or ophthalmic application.
Figure(below) illustrates typical unit operations for manufacturing of pharmaceutical
dosage-form products.
Pharmaceutical blends may be compressed by wet granulation, direct compression or
slugging to obtain the desired physical properties, before their formulation as a finished
drug product. In wet granulation, the active ingredients and excipients are wetted with
aqueous or solvent solutions to produce course granules with enlarged particle sizes.
The granules are dried, mixed with lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate), disintegrants
or binders, then compressed into tablets. During direct compression, a metal die holds a
measured amount of the drug blend while a punch compresses the tablet. Drugs that are
not sufficiently stable for wet granulation or cannot be directly compressed are slugged.
Slugging or dry granulation blends and compresses relatively large tablets which are
ground and screened to a desired mesh size, then recompressed into the final tablet.
Blended and granulated materials may also be produced in capsule form. Hard gelatin
capsules are dried, trimmed, filled and joined on capsule-filling machine.
Figure : Pharmaceutical manufacturing of dosage-form products
2. Pharmaceutical unit operations
1-Weighing and dispensing- Weighing and dispensing of solids and liquids is a very
common activity throughout the pharmaceutical industry (Gennaro 1990). Usually
workers dispense materials by hand-scooping solids and pouring or pumping liquids.
3. Weighing and dispensing are often performed in a warehouse during bulk chemical
production or in a pharmacy during pharmaceutical dosage-form manufacturing. Due to
the likelihood of spills, leaks and fugitive emissions during weighing and dispensing,
proper workplace control measures are necessary to protect workers. Weighing and
dispensing should be performed in a partitioned workplace area with good dilution
ventilation. The work surfaces in areas where materials are weighed and dispensed
should be smooth and sealed, permitting their proper cleaning. LEV with backdraft or
sidedraft hoods prevents the release of air contaminants when weighing and dispensing
dusty solids or volatile liquids (Cole 1990). Weighing and dispensing highly toxic
materials may require additional control measures such as laminar ventilation hoods or
isolation devices (e.g., glove boxes or glove bags)
Charging and discharging solids and liquids:
Solids and liquids are frequently charged and discharged from containers and process
equipment in pharmaceutical manufacturing operations (Gennaro 1990). Charging and
discharging of materials are often performed manually by workers; however, other
methods are employed (e.g., gravity, mechanical or pneumatic transfer systems).
Contained process equipment, transfer systems and engineering controls prevent worker
exposures during charging and discharging of highly hazardous materials. Gravity
charging from enclosed containers and vacuum, pressure and pumping systems
eliminate fugitive emissions during charging and discharging operations. LEV with
flanged inlets captures fugitive dusts and vapours which are released at open transfer
points.
Compounding:
Solids and liquids are mixed in compounding operations to produce solutions,
suspensions, syrups, ointments and pastes. Contained process equipment and transfer
systems are recommended when compounding highly hazardous materials (Kroschwitz
1992; Perry 1984). Buffering agents, detergents and germicides that are neutralizing,
cleaning and biocidal agents may be hazardous to workers. Eyewashes and safety
showers reduce injuries, if workers accidentally contact corrosive or irritating
substances. Due to the wet surfaces in compounding areas, workers need to be protected
from electrical hazards of equipment and utilities. Thermal hazards are posed by steam
and hot water during compounding and cleaning activities. Worker injuries from burns
and falls are prevented by installing insulation on hot surfaces and maintaining dry non-
slip floors.
4. Figure . A high steam granulator
Granulation
Dry and wet solids are granulated to change their physical properties. Granulators have
different designs and features with varying containment and control of mechanical
hazards and airborne dusts and vapours (Perry 1984; Swarbick and Boylan 1996).
Enclosed granulators can be vented to air-control devices, reducing emissions of solvent
vapours or dusts to the workplace and atmosphere (see figure 79.10). Material-handling
concerns arise when loading and unloading granulators. Mechanical equipment (e.g.,
elevated platforms, lift tables and pallet jacks) assists workers to perform heavy manual
tasks. Eyewashes and safety showers are needed, if workers accidentally contact
solvents or irritating dusts.
Drying
Water- or solvent-wet solids are dried during many pharmaceutical manufacturing
operations. Dryers have different designs and features with varying containment and
control of vapours and dusts (see figure 79.11). Flammable solvent vapours and
explosive airborne dusts may create flammable or explosive atmospheres; explosion
relief venting is particularly important on contained dryers. Dilution and LEV reduces
the risk of fire or explosion, in addition to controlling worker exposures to solvent
5. vapours when handling wet cakes, or to airborne dusts when unloading dried products.
Heavy material handling may be involved when loading or unloading dryer trays, bins
or containers (see figure 79.12). Mechanical equipment (e.g., drum jacks, lifts and work
platforms) assists these manual tasks. Eyewashes and safety showers should be located
nearby, in case workers accidentally contact solvents and dusts.
Milling
Dry solids are milled to change their particle characteristics and produce free-flowing
powders. Mills have different designs and features with varying containment and
control of mechanical hazards and airborne dusts (Kroschwitz 1992; Perry 1984). Prior
to milling materials, their physical properties and hazards should be reviewed or tested.
Explosion prevention and protection measures involve installing dust-tight electrical
equipment and utilities, grounding and bonding equipment and accessories to eliminate
electrostatic sparking, installing safety relief valves on enclosed mills, and constructing
blast relief panels in walls. These measures may be necessary due to the explosivity of
some drug substances and excipients, high dust levels and energies associated with
milling operations.
Blending :
Dry solids are blended to produce homogeneous mixtures. Blenders have different
designs and features with varying containment and control of mechanical hazards and
airborne dusts (Kroschwitz 1992; Perry 1984). Worker exposures to drug substances,
excipients and blends may occur when loading and unloading blending equipment. LEV
with flanged inlets reduces fugitive dust emissions during blending. Heavy material
handling may be required when charging and discharging solids from blenders.
Mechanical equipment (e.g., work platforms, hoists and drum and pallet jacks) reduces
the physical demands of heavy material handling.
Compression :
Dry solids are compressed or slugged to compact them, changing their particle
properties. Compression equipment has different designs and features with varying
containment and control of mechanical hazards and airborne dusts (Gennaro 1990;
Swarbick and Boylan 1996). Compression equipment may pose serious mechanical
hazards if inadequately guarded. High noise levels may also be produced by
compression and slugging operations. Enclosing impact sources, isolating vibrating
equipment, rotating workers and using hearing-protective devices (e.g., ear muffs and
plugs) reduce the impact of noise exposure.
6. Figure :Tablet press with load hopper and spiral dust
pickups for product recovery
Solid dosage-form manufacturing
Tablets and capsules are the most common oral dosage forms. Compressed or moulded
tablets contain mixtures of drug substances and excipients. These tablets may be
uncoated or coated with solvent mixtures or aqueous solutions. Capsules are soft or hard
gelatin shells. Tablet presses (see figure), tablet-coating equipment and capsule-filling
machines have different designs and features with varying containment and control of
mechanical hazards and airborne dusts (Cole 1990). Workers may be exposed to solvent
vapours when spray-coating tablets. Modern tablet-coating equipment is highly
contained; however, LEV can be installed in older open coating pans to control fugitive
solvent vapours. Tablet-coating equipment can be vented to air emission devices to
control VOCs from the process (see figures). Whenever possible, recovered solvents
should be reused by the process or aqueous mixtures substituted for solvent mixtures for
tablet coating. Modern tablet presses and capsule-filling machines are enclosed by
interlocked panels, reducing the hazards of fast-moving parts, high noise levels and dust
emissions during their operation. Hearing-protective devices can reduce worker noise
exposures during tablet and capsule operations.
Packaging :
Pharmaceutical packaging operations are performed with a series of integrated machines
and repetitive manual tasks (Gennaro 1990; Swarbick and Boylan 1996). Finished
dosage-form products may be packaged in many different types of containers (e.g.,
plastic or glass bottles, foil blister packs, pouches or sachets, tubes and sterile vials).
The mechanical equipment fills, caps, labels, cartons and packs the finished products in
shipping containers. Worker proximity to packaging equipment necessitates barrier
7. guarding on moving machine parts, accessible control switches and emergency stop
cables and employee training on machine hazards and safe work practices. Enclosure
and isolation of equipment reduces sound and vibration levels in packaging areas. Use
of hearing-protective devices (e.g., ear muffs and plugs) reduces worker exposures to
noise. Good industrial design promotes the productivity, comfort and safety of
employees, by addressing ergonomic hazards from poor body postures, material
handling and highly repetitive tasks.