The document discusses autoimmune disorders, focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory disease that leads the immune system to attack the body's own tissues. It is more common in women and can mimic other illnesses, making diagnosis challenging. While there is no cure for SLE, treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications, as the disease can severely impact various body systems.

1. AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
PRESENTED TO DR KHALID IMRAN.
SUBMITTED BY VIOLINA KALITA,MSc 2ND SEM
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED GENETICS.
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2.  Immune system disorders cause abnormally low activity or over activity
of the immune system. In cases of immune system over activity, the body
attacks and damages its own tissues (autoimmune diseases).
 Immune deficiency diseases decrease the body's ability to fight invaders,
causing vulnerability to infections.
 In response to an unknown trigger, the immune system may begin
producing antibodies that instead of fighting infections, attack the body's
own tissues. Treatment for autoimmune diseases generally focuses on
reducing immune system activity.
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3.  Rheumatoid Arthritis,
 Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),
 Inflammatory bowel disease(IB),
 Multiple sclerosis(MS) etc.
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4.  The term lupus has been used to identify a number of immune
diseases that have similar clinical presentations and laboratory
features, but SLE is the most common type of lupus.
 SLE is one of several diseases known as “the great imitators”
because it often mimics or is mistaken for other illnesses.SLE is a
classical item in differential diagnosis, because SLE symptoms
vary. Diagnosis can thus be elusive, with some people having
unexplained symptoms of SLE for years.
 SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease believed to be a type III
hypersensitivity response with potential type II involvement.
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5.  SLE is a chronic disease that can have phases of worsening symptoms
that alternate with periods of mild symptoms. Most people with SLE
are able to live a normal life with treatment.
 According to the Lupus Foundation of America, at least 1.5
million Americans are living with diagnosed lupus. The foundation
believes that the number of people who actually have the condition is
much higher and that many cases go undiagnosed.
 The increased frequency of SLE among women may be attributed to
differences in the metabolism of sex hormones and/or GnRH. Though
less common in men, when it does occur SLE tends to run a more
severe course-an important consideration in the diagnosis and follow-
up of male patients with SLE.
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6. PIC 1: Butterfly Rash
Courtesy-http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus#Pictures2
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7. Pic 2-Subacute cutaneous lupus
Courtesy-http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus#Pictures3
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8. Pic 3-Raynaud Syndrome
Courtesy-http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus#Pictures4
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COURTESY-www.mollys.org

11. The exact cause of SLE isn’t known, but several factors have
been associated with the disease-
Genetics The disease isn’t linked to a certain gene,
but people with lupus often have family
members with other autoimmune
conditions.
Environment Environmental triggers can include:
ultraviolet rays,
certain medications,
viruses,
physical or emotional stress,
Trauma.
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12. Sex and hormones SLE affects women more than men.
Women also may experience more severe
symptoms during pregnancy and with
their menstrual periods. Both of these
observations have led some medical
professionals to believe that the female
hormone estrogen may play a role in
causing SLE. However, more research is
still needed to prove this theory.
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13.  Doctor will do a physical exam to check for typical signs and
symptoms of lupus.
 No one single test is diagnostic for SLE, but screenings that
can help your doctor come to an informed diagnosis include:
 blood tests, such as antibody tests and a complete blood
count
 a urinalysis
 a chest X-ray
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14.  No cure for SLE exists. The goal of treatment is to ease
symptoms. Treatment can vary depending on how severe your
symptoms are and which parts of your body SLE affects. The
treatments may include:
 anti-inflammatory medications for joint pain and stiffness,
 steroid creams for rashes,
 corticosteroids to minimize the immune response,
 anti malarial drugs for skin and joint problems,
 disease modifying drugs or targeted immune system agents for
more severe cases.
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15.  Over time, SLE can damage or cause complications in
systems throughout your body. Possible complications may
include:
 blood clots and inflammation of blood vessels or vacuities
 inflammation of the heart, or pericarditis
 a heart attack and seizures
 memory and behavioral changes
 inflammation of lung tissue and the lining of the lung, or
pleuritis
 kidney inflammation and decreased kidney function and
failure
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16.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16115579
 http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-
erythematosus
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