Oral presentation at International Conference and Exhibition on Powder Technology Indonesia (ICePTi) 2017, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor

1. Synthesis and Characterization
of ZnO:Ca2+ Prepared by
Simple Solution Method
Heraldo Yanindra Pradana1,2,3, I Made Joni1,2,3,
Yayah Yuliah1,3, Liu Kin Men1,3, Vanitha
Muthukanan2, Lukman Nulhakim2, Camellia
Panatarani1,2,3,a
1Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor 45363
2Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor 45363
3Study Center of Material Science and Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor 45363
aCorresponding author : c.panatarani@phys.unpad.ac.id

2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Luminescence Material
• ZnO and doped ZnO
• Aim of research
• Research Method
• Synthesis and Characterization Method
• Result and Discussion
• Crystal Structure
• Morphology and Composition
• Luminescence Properties
• Conclusion Remarks

3. Introduction – Luminescence Material
[1] G. Blasse, Luminescent Material, Springer Verlag, New York, 1994
A solid which converts certain types of energy into electromagnetic radiation over and above thermal
radiation[1]
The exciting radiation
is absorbed by the
activator, raising it to
an excited state
The excited state
returns to the ground
state by emission of
radiation

4. Introduction – Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Characteristics of Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Properties of Zinc oxide[2]
Molecular Formula ZnO
Molar Mass 81.408 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Odorless
Density 5.606 g/cm3
Melting Point 1975OC (decomposed)
Boiling Point 2360OC
Solubility in Water 0.16 mg/100 mL
Band Gap 3.37 eV
Refractive Index (nD) 2.0041
Application :
• Optoelectronic device[2]
• Photovoltaic cell[3]
• Light Emmiting Diode (LED)[4]
• Gas sensor[5]
• Laser system[6]
• Photodetector[7]
[2] Clarke D 1992 J. American Phys. Soc 82 485-502
[3] Krunks M, et al. 2008 Sol. Energy. Mat. Sol. Cell 92 1016-19
[4] Szabo Z, et al. 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci 379 304-8
[5] Carrota M C, et al. 2009 Sens. Actuators B 137 164-9
[6] Li L E, and Demianets L N 2008 Opt. Mater 30 1074-78
[7] Hsu C L, et al. 2005 Chem. Phys. Lett 416 75-8

5. Introduction – Doped Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Dopants may affect the structural, and optical properties of Zinc oxide
Various dopant of ZnO :
Eu[8], Al[9-10], Mn[11], Ti[12], Fe[13],Mg[14],Ca[15,16]
Why Calsium (Ca) ?
Emitting violet-blue[16,18,19]
Various method of Ca doped ZnO synthesis :
• Pulsed laser deposition[16]
• Sol-Gel[8,17]
• Wet Chemical Method[18]
• Magnetton Sputtering[19]
Aim of research :
• To get a Calcium doped ZnO using simple
solution method
• Study about the effect of crystal structure,
morphology, chemical, and optical properties
depend on Ca dopant.
[8] C Panatarani, I W Lenggoro, and K Okuyama 2004 J. Phys. Chem. Solids
65 1843-47
[9] Chitra M, et al. 2013 Spint. Mater 49 177-182
[10] Kaur G, Mitra A, and Yadav K L 2015 Progr. Nat. Sci 25 12-21
[11] Ahmed S A 2017 Result Phys 7 604-610
[12] Bidler S A, et al. 2017 Physica E 88 169-173
[13] Karamat S, et al. 2014 Progr. Nat. Sci 24 142-9
[14] Li C, et al. 2014 Mater. Lett 124 81-4
[15] Udayabhaskhar R, et al. 2013 J. Mater. Sci 24 3168-73
[16] Cao L, Jiang J, and Zhu L 2013 Mater. Lett 124 81-4
[17] El Mir L 2017 J. Lumin 186 98-102
[18] Karthikeyan B, et al. 2011 Spectrochimica Acta Part A 82 97-101
[19] Mahdhi H, et al. 2015 Opt. Mater 45 97-103

6. Methodology – Synthesis and Characterizaton Method
Calcium doped ZnO has been synthesized using simple solution method and characterized by XRD,
SEM-EDS, and PL
1. X-Ray Diffraction
• Wavelegth = 1,5406 Å
• 2 = 200 – 900
• Angle Step = 0,030
2. Scanning Electron Microscope
• Magnification 25000 times
3. Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy
4. Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
• Perkin Elmer LS-55
• exc = 254 nm

7. ZnO:Ca (0at%)
ZnO:Ca (1at%)
ZnO:Ca (3at%)
ZnO:Ca (5at%)
ZnO:Ca (7at%)
ZnO:Ca (10at%)
Results and Discussion – Crystal Structure
Crystal structure of Calcium doped Zinc Oxide has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

8. ZnO:Ca (0at%)
ZnO:Ca (1at%)
ZnO:Ca (3at%)
ZnO:Ca (5at%)
ZnO:Ca (7at%)
ZnO:Ca (10at%)
Results and Discussion – Crystal Structure
Crystal structure of Calcium doped Zinc Oxide has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Crystalline Size
𝐷 =
0,9𝜆
𝛽 cos 𝜃

9. Results and Discussion – Crystal Structure
Crystal structure of Calcium doped Zinc Oxide has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Lattice Parameters
1
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙
2 =
4
3
ℎ2
+ ℎ𝑘 + 𝑘2
𝑎2
+
𝑙2
𝑐2
Ca dopant
(%at)
Lattice Parameters (Å)
a c
0 3,24617 5,19855
1 3,2482 5,19971
3 3,25006 5,20173
5 3,24594 5,19614
7 3,24887 5,20021
10 3,24798 5,20088

10. Results and Discussion – Crystal Structure
Crystal structure of Calcium doped Zinc Oxide has been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Lattice Parameters
1
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙
2 =
4
3
ℎ2
+ ℎ𝑘 + 𝑘2
𝑎2
+
𝑙2
𝑐2
Ca dopant
(%at)
Lattice Parameters (Å)
a c
0 3,24617 5,19855
1 3,2482 5,19971
3 3,25006 5,20173
5 3,24594 5,19614
7 3,24887 5,20021
10 3,24798 5,20088

11. Results and Discussion – Morphology and Composition
Morphology and Composition of Calcium doped Zinc Oxide has been characterized by SEM-EDS

12. Results and Discussion – Luminescence Properties
Luminescence Properties of Calcium doped ZnO has been characterized by PL Spectroscopy
Emission Peak
Emission : Violet closed to Blue
exc = 254 nm
ZnO:Ca (0at%) em = 435 nm
ZnO:Ca (1at%) em = 427 nm
ZnO:Ca (3at%) em = 414 nm
ZnO:Ca (5at%) em = 426 nm
ZnO:Ca (7at%) em = 429 nm
ZnO:Ca (10at%) em = 430 nm

13. Concluding Remarks
• Calcium doped ZnO has been synthesized by a simple solution method
• The resulting samples have a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure confirmed by XRD
• The SEM result showed that Ca doped ZnO samples are randomly shaped and vary in micro size.
• EDS result showed that Ca substituting Zn unstochiometrically due to imperfect decomposition
process
• The PL result showed that the resulting violet emission.

14. Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to :
• Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran
• Bandung Geological Resource Center for the support to XRD characterization
• Advance Material Laboratory, Malang State University for the support to SEM-EDS characterization