Since 1957, Lord was involved in swiflet research. Till todate, more of his works has not been shared. This is the opportunity for those interested to share his works...
The document discusses the importance of animals/livestock in supporting human life and development. It notes that livestock provide high-quality foods like meat and milk, as well as byproducts used in industry. Developing countries rely more on plants for calories and protein while developed nations obtain more from animal sources. Livestock also contribute through labor, fertilizer, fibers, and as experimental and companion animals.
Small Scale Industries, Projects (Laghu, Kutir and Gharelu Udyog Pariyojanaye...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The small scale sector is assuming greater importance every day. The small scale sector has played a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country during the past 50 years. It has significantly contributed to the overall growth in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation and exports. The Small-Scale Industries (SSI) gathered momentum along with industrialization and economic growth in India. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems.
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स्वरोजगार बेहतर भविष्य का नया विकल्प, अमीर बनने के तरीके, अवसर को तलाशें, आखिर गृह और कुटीर उद्योग कैसे विकसित हो, आधुनिक कुटीर एवं गृह उद्योग, आप नया करोबार आरंभ करने पर विचार कर रहे हैं, उद्योग से सम्बंधित जरुरी जानकारी, औद्योगिक नीति, कम पूंजी के व्यापार, कम पैसे के शुरू करें नए जमाने के ये हिट कारोबार, कम लागत के उद्योग, कम लागत वाले व्यवसाय, कम लागत वाले व्यवसाय व्यापार, कारोबार बढाने के उपाय, कारोबार योजना चुनें, किस वस्तु का व्यापार करें किससे होगा लाभ, कुटीर उद्योग, कुटीर और लघु उद्यमों योजनाएं, कैसे उदयोग लगाये जाये, कौन सा व्यापार करे, कौन सा व्यापार रहेगा आपके लिए फायदेमंद, क्या आप अपना कोई नया व्यवसाय, व्यापारकारोबार, स्वरोजगार, छोटा बिजनेस, उद्योग, शुरु करना चाहते हैं?, क्या आपको आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता चाहिए, क्या व्यापार करे, खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग, खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योगों हेतु स्थापना, छोटा कारोबार शुरु करें, छोटे पैमाने की औद्योगिक इकाइयाँ, छोटे मगर बड़ी संभावना वाले नए कारोबार,
The document describes the process that birds' nests undergo to be cleaned and prepared for human consumption. Workers remove feathers, dirt and other debris by hand. The nests are then soaked and bleached to remove any remaining particles and turn the nests white. No chemicals are used in this process. Finally, the cleaned nests are sorted by grade before being dried and packaged for sale.
Lecture 5 bioprocess technology, operation mode and scaleDr. Tan Boon Siong
This document discusses different bioprocess cultivation systems and operation modes. It covers two-phase and three-phase cultivation systems, as well as free and immobilized cell systems. Batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultivation modes are described in detail. Specific topics covered include microbial growth curves, factors affecting lag phase, kinetics of exponential and stationary phases, and product formation under different operation modes. Advantages of fed-batch cultivation like avoiding inhibition and catabolite repression are highlighted. High cell density cultivation using exponential feeding strategies is also summarized.
This document provides standards for good animal husbandry practices for edible-birdnest swiftlet ranching and its premises in Malaysia. It covers requirements for identification and record keeping, animal welfare, breeding, health care, hygiene, facilities and the environment. The standards are intended to ensure the continuous and sustainable production of edible bird's nests while protecting the health, safety and welfare of the birds and operators, and preventing environmental degradation. It includes minimum housing requirements and addresses issues like water, feeding, handling, nest building and weaning of the swiftlets. Requirements for disease prevention, treatment and reporting are also specified.
The document discusses the importance of animals/livestock in supporting human life and development. It notes that livestock provide high-quality foods like meat and milk, as well as byproducts used in industry. Developing countries rely more on plants for calories and protein while developed nations obtain more from animal sources. Livestock also contribute through labor, fertilizer, fibers, and as experimental and companion animals.
Small Scale Industries, Projects (Laghu, Kutir and Gharelu Udyog Pariyojanaye...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The small scale sector is assuming greater importance every day. The small scale sector has played a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country during the past 50 years. It has significantly contributed to the overall growth in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation and exports. The Small-Scale Industries (SSI) gathered momentum along with industrialization and economic growth in India. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems.
Tags
स्वरोजगार बेहतर भविष्य का नया विकल्प, अमीर बनने के तरीके, अवसर को तलाशें, आखिर गृह और कुटीर उद्योग कैसे विकसित हो, आधुनिक कुटीर एवं गृह उद्योग, आप नया करोबार आरंभ करने पर विचार कर रहे हैं, उद्योग से सम्बंधित जरुरी जानकारी, औद्योगिक नीति, कम पूंजी के व्यापार, कम पैसे के शुरू करें नए जमाने के ये हिट कारोबार, कम लागत के उद्योग, कम लागत वाले व्यवसाय, कम लागत वाले व्यवसाय व्यापार, कारोबार बढाने के उपाय, कारोबार योजना चुनें, किस वस्तु का व्यापार करें किससे होगा लाभ, कुटीर उद्योग, कुटीर और लघु उद्यमों योजनाएं, कैसे उदयोग लगाये जाये, कौन सा व्यापार करे, कौन सा व्यापार रहेगा आपके लिए फायदेमंद, क्या आप अपना कोई नया व्यवसाय, व्यापारकारोबार, स्वरोजगार, छोटा बिजनेस, उद्योग, शुरु करना चाहते हैं?, क्या आपको आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता चाहिए, क्या व्यापार करे, खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग, खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योगों हेतु स्थापना, छोटा कारोबार शुरु करें, छोटे पैमाने की औद्योगिक इकाइयाँ, छोटे मगर बड़ी संभावना वाले नए कारोबार,
The document describes the process that birds' nests undergo to be cleaned and prepared for human consumption. Workers remove feathers, dirt and other debris by hand. The nests are then soaked and bleached to remove any remaining particles and turn the nests white. No chemicals are used in this process. Finally, the cleaned nests are sorted by grade before being dried and packaged for sale.
Lecture 5 bioprocess technology, operation mode and scaleDr. Tan Boon Siong
This document discusses different bioprocess cultivation systems and operation modes. It covers two-phase and three-phase cultivation systems, as well as free and immobilized cell systems. Batch, fed-batch, and continuous cultivation modes are described in detail. Specific topics covered include microbial growth curves, factors affecting lag phase, kinetics of exponential and stationary phases, and product formation under different operation modes. Advantages of fed-batch cultivation like avoiding inhibition and catabolite repression are highlighted. High cell density cultivation using exponential feeding strategies is also summarized.
This document provides standards for good animal husbandry practices for edible-birdnest swiftlet ranching and its premises in Malaysia. It covers requirements for identification and record keeping, animal welfare, breeding, health care, hygiene, facilities and the environment. The standards are intended to ensure the continuous and sustainable production of edible bird's nests while protecting the health, safety and welfare of the birds and operators, and preventing environmental degradation. It includes minimum housing requirements and addresses issues like water, feeding, handling, nest building and weaning of the swiftlets. Requirements for disease prevention, treatment and reporting are also specified.
The document discusses the history and production of bird's nests in Southeast Asia. It details that bird's nests have been consumed for over 1000 years in China and were an expensive luxury item. Today, Malaysia is a major producer of bird's nests, which are created from the saliva of swiftlets for building nests. There are two main types of nests - cave nests found naturally and house nests built in man-made structures. The document also outlines traditional and improved processing methods for cleaning bird's nests and analyzes their nutritional composition and health benefits.
The document discusses Malaysia's bird nest industry, which generates approximately RM1 billion in annual revenue. It notes that while the industry has huge potential for growth, issues like product quality control and a shortage of skilled workers could limit expansion. Proper regulations are needed to protect the reputation of Malaysian bird nests and ensure products contain mostly bird nest ingredients.
For those who wants to know more about type of swiflets, history of birds,swiflets projects....please refer drtanboonsiong.blogspots.com
from:www.qqbirdnest.com
Are you interested in research like Lord Cranbrook? Are you going to contribute to Swiflet Industry?For more information please logon to www,yongkangbirdnest.blogspot.com for detail.
www.qqbirdnest.com
The document provides guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for processing raw-unclean and raw-clean edible-birdnest (EBN) in Malaysia. It covers specifications for raw materials, production processes like sorting and cleaning, facility requirements, safety controls, personnel hygiene, training and legal compliance. The standard aims to ensure the production of quality and safe EBN for human consumption.
This document provides an overview of medium formulation for microbial growth. It discusses the basic requirements including carbon, nitrogen, mineral and vitamin sources. Key factors that affect medium design are described such as pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential and water activity. The document outlines different types of media including defined, complex, and industrial formulations. Overall, the document offers a comprehensive overview of the nutrients, environmental conditions, and considerations for optimizing microbial growth media.
The document analyzes the pigments and antioxidant properties of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).
High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis identified betanin as the main pigment contributing to the fruit's deep purple color. Antioxidant assays found high levels of polyphenols (86.1 mg/0.5 g) and flavonoids (2.3 mg/g), as well as strong reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating dragon fruit has significant antioxidant activity. The results confirm betanin is the primary pigment in dragon fruit and that the fruit contains high levels of antioxidants with potential health benefits.
This document outlines a two-week summer course on bioprocess engineering and biofactories held in July 2010 in Malaysia. The course objectives are to provide a broad overview of the science and technology of bioprocess research and industries. The course will cover topics such as bioprocess design, operation, scaling up, facility design requirements and regulations. The schedule includes lectures and practical sessions the first week on bioprocess topics and the second week on facility design. Practical sessions involve inoculum preparation, shake flask culture, bioreactor set-up, calibration, operation, and fed-batch cultivation design for recombinant protein production.
Lecture 3 biofactories in the biotechnology industry – introduction(2)Dr. Tan Boon Siong
This document provides an overview of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. It discusses biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It then focuses on recombinant DNA technology, explaining the process from gene to product, including gene isolation, cloning, cell transformation, fermentation and downstream processing to produce biomolecules like proteins. The main applications of biotechnology in pharmaceutical, agriculture, chemical and fuel industries are also summarized.
The document discusses metabolic pathway engineering and metabolic engineering. It provides an overview of four commercially important fermentation products, including the microorganism used, annual production levels, and applications. It then discusses the core concepts of metabolic engineering, including manipulating enzymatic and regulatory functions using recombinant DNA to improve cellular activities. Examples of applications include strain improvement for biocatalysis and bioprocessing, increasing productivity, and developing novel biosynthetic routes.
This document discusses various types of bioreactors and their key properties and design considerations. It covers topics like:
1) Desirable properties of bioreactors include simplicity of design, continuous operation, large number of organisms, and uniform distributions of oxygen and microorganisms.
2) Common bioreactor types include stirred tank, airlift, packed bed, and immobilized cell bioreactors.
3) Important design considerations for bioreactors include agitation and mixing, aeration, mass transfer, power requirements, and fluid rheology which can be Newtonian or non-Newtonian.
This document reviews the role of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm formation. It discusses how extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms form the matrix of microbial aggregates and biofilms. EPS are involved in the initial attachment of cells to surfaces and provide protection from environmental stresses. The production of EPS is regulated by quorum sensing and helps mediate processes like bioremediation and bioleaching that are important in industrial applications.
1) The document discusses various types of cell growth and division, including binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast cells, and the eukaryotic cell cycle.
2) It also covers factors that regulate cell growth in mammalian cells and yeast, such as nutrient availability and protein complexes that control translation and cell division.
3) Methods for measuring bacterial growth are described, such as direct counts, plate counts, optical density, and analyzing nutrient uptake and product formation over time. Models for bacterial growth kinetics and the calculation of specific growth rates are also presented.
This document discusses bioprocess control for cell cultivation systems. It covers various parameters that are measured for control, including cell inputs and outputs, substrate levels, oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and foam. Sensors used for online measurement of these parameters in bioreactors are also outlined. The document then describes basic feedback loops and controllers for bioprocess control, including PID and model predictive control. It concludes with an overview of using a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system connected over Ethernet for monitoring and controlling bioreactor systems.
This document provides an overview of bioprocessing and industrial biotechnology. It discusses the history and milestones of the industry from ancient times to present. Key topics covered include major industrial fermentation products, stages of development from 1900 to today, microbial cell bioprocessing, scaling up processes from lab to production scale, and the types of bioreactors used to produce products from mammalian, plant, insect, algal and bacterial cells. The document also briefly outlines considerations for media composition, cultivation conditions, process optimization and control, and the future potential of industrial bioprocessing.
1. Sterilization eliminates all microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and endospores. Disinfection only eliminates pathogenic microorganisms.
2. Heat is the most common sterilization method and can be applied through moist heat like autoclaving or dry heat like oven heating. Chemical sterilization uses agents like phenols, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals and aldehydes to disrupt microbial membranes and proteins.
3. Other sterilization methods include filtration, irradiation using gamma rays, x-rays or UV light, and gaseous agents like ethylene oxide and hydrogen peroxide which penetrate materials to kill microbes.
This document discusses animal cell culture and its applications. It provides information on:
1) The uses of animal cell culture including production of recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and cell biology studies.
2) Characteristics of animal cell culture compared to microorganism culture, including lower growth rates and productivity.
3) Products that can be produced from mammalian cell cultures including cells, cell-derived products, and recombinant glycoproteins.
4) Types of animal cells commonly used in culture including epithelial, fibroblast, muscle, and blood/lymph cells.
The Edible-Bird’s Nest (EBN) Swiftlet Ranching Interest Scheme (the “ESRIS Scheme/the Scheme”) is the first swiftlet ranching business licensed by the Malaysian government and an investment scheme approved by Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM). It is considered a low risk investment with expected high returns. http://www.swiftletecopark.com.my
1. The document discusses leatherback sea turtles, which are one of the oldest and most endangered reptiles on Earth.
2. Leatherbacks are the largest turtles, reaching over 6 feet and 1,000 pounds, with a soft pliable shell instead of a hard bony shell like other turtles.
3. The main threats leatherbacks face are human activities like beach development, debris in the oceans, poaching of eggs, and accidental capture in fishing gear.
1. The document discusses different types of live corners that can be set up in schools, including aquariums, terrariums, and vivaria. Aquariums house fish and create ecosystems, terrariums are sealed containers for plants and small creatures on land, and vivaria simulate specific habitats.
2. Live corners are important for students to develop skills in observation, appreciation of nature, and understanding of concepts like ecosystems and interdependence. Setting up different types of live corners exposes children to hands-on learning opportunities.
3. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that live corners are essential for every school to improve students' thinking and observation abilities.
The document discusses the history and production of bird's nests in Southeast Asia. It details that bird's nests have been consumed for over 1000 years in China and were an expensive luxury item. Today, Malaysia is a major producer of bird's nests, which are created from the saliva of swiftlets for building nests. There are two main types of nests - cave nests found naturally and house nests built in man-made structures. The document also outlines traditional and improved processing methods for cleaning bird's nests and analyzes their nutritional composition and health benefits.
The document discusses Malaysia's bird nest industry, which generates approximately RM1 billion in annual revenue. It notes that while the industry has huge potential for growth, issues like product quality control and a shortage of skilled workers could limit expansion. Proper regulations are needed to protect the reputation of Malaysian bird nests and ensure products contain mostly bird nest ingredients.
For those who wants to know more about type of swiflets, history of birds,swiflets projects....please refer drtanboonsiong.blogspots.com
from:www.qqbirdnest.com
Are you interested in research like Lord Cranbrook? Are you going to contribute to Swiflet Industry?For more information please logon to www,yongkangbirdnest.blogspot.com for detail.
www.qqbirdnest.com
The document provides guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for processing raw-unclean and raw-clean edible-birdnest (EBN) in Malaysia. It covers specifications for raw materials, production processes like sorting and cleaning, facility requirements, safety controls, personnel hygiene, training and legal compliance. The standard aims to ensure the production of quality and safe EBN for human consumption.
This document provides an overview of medium formulation for microbial growth. It discusses the basic requirements including carbon, nitrogen, mineral and vitamin sources. Key factors that affect medium design are described such as pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential and water activity. The document outlines different types of media including defined, complex, and industrial formulations. Overall, the document offers a comprehensive overview of the nutrients, environmental conditions, and considerations for optimizing microbial growth media.
The document analyzes the pigments and antioxidant properties of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).
High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis identified betanin as the main pigment contributing to the fruit's deep purple color. Antioxidant assays found high levels of polyphenols (86.1 mg/0.5 g) and flavonoids (2.3 mg/g), as well as strong reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating dragon fruit has significant antioxidant activity. The results confirm betanin is the primary pigment in dragon fruit and that the fruit contains high levels of antioxidants with potential health benefits.
This document outlines a two-week summer course on bioprocess engineering and biofactories held in July 2010 in Malaysia. The course objectives are to provide a broad overview of the science and technology of bioprocess research and industries. The course will cover topics such as bioprocess design, operation, scaling up, facility design requirements and regulations. The schedule includes lectures and practical sessions the first week on bioprocess topics and the second week on facility design. Practical sessions involve inoculum preparation, shake flask culture, bioreactor set-up, calibration, operation, and fed-batch cultivation design for recombinant protein production.
Lecture 3 biofactories in the biotechnology industry – introduction(2)Dr. Tan Boon Siong
This document provides an overview of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. It discusses biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It then focuses on recombinant DNA technology, explaining the process from gene to product, including gene isolation, cloning, cell transformation, fermentation and downstream processing to produce biomolecules like proteins. The main applications of biotechnology in pharmaceutical, agriculture, chemical and fuel industries are also summarized.
The document discusses metabolic pathway engineering and metabolic engineering. It provides an overview of four commercially important fermentation products, including the microorganism used, annual production levels, and applications. It then discusses the core concepts of metabolic engineering, including manipulating enzymatic and regulatory functions using recombinant DNA to improve cellular activities. Examples of applications include strain improvement for biocatalysis and bioprocessing, increasing productivity, and developing novel biosynthetic routes.
This document discusses various types of bioreactors and their key properties and design considerations. It covers topics like:
1) Desirable properties of bioreactors include simplicity of design, continuous operation, large number of organisms, and uniform distributions of oxygen and microorganisms.
2) Common bioreactor types include stirred tank, airlift, packed bed, and immobilized cell bioreactors.
3) Important design considerations for bioreactors include agitation and mixing, aeration, mass transfer, power requirements, and fluid rheology which can be Newtonian or non-Newtonian.
This document reviews the role of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm formation. It discusses how extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms form the matrix of microbial aggregates and biofilms. EPS are involved in the initial attachment of cells to surfaces and provide protection from environmental stresses. The production of EPS is regulated by quorum sensing and helps mediate processes like bioremediation and bioleaching that are important in industrial applications.
1) The document discusses various types of cell growth and division, including binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast cells, and the eukaryotic cell cycle.
2) It also covers factors that regulate cell growth in mammalian cells and yeast, such as nutrient availability and protein complexes that control translation and cell division.
3) Methods for measuring bacterial growth are described, such as direct counts, plate counts, optical density, and analyzing nutrient uptake and product formation over time. Models for bacterial growth kinetics and the calculation of specific growth rates are also presented.
This document discusses bioprocess control for cell cultivation systems. It covers various parameters that are measured for control, including cell inputs and outputs, substrate levels, oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and foam. Sensors used for online measurement of these parameters in bioreactors are also outlined. The document then describes basic feedback loops and controllers for bioprocess control, including PID and model predictive control. It concludes with an overview of using a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system connected over Ethernet for monitoring and controlling bioreactor systems.
This document provides an overview of bioprocessing and industrial biotechnology. It discusses the history and milestones of the industry from ancient times to present. Key topics covered include major industrial fermentation products, stages of development from 1900 to today, microbial cell bioprocessing, scaling up processes from lab to production scale, and the types of bioreactors used to produce products from mammalian, plant, insect, algal and bacterial cells. The document also briefly outlines considerations for media composition, cultivation conditions, process optimization and control, and the future potential of industrial bioprocessing.
1. Sterilization eliminates all microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and endospores. Disinfection only eliminates pathogenic microorganisms.
2. Heat is the most common sterilization method and can be applied through moist heat like autoclaving or dry heat like oven heating. Chemical sterilization uses agents like phenols, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals and aldehydes to disrupt microbial membranes and proteins.
3. Other sterilization methods include filtration, irradiation using gamma rays, x-rays or UV light, and gaseous agents like ethylene oxide and hydrogen peroxide which penetrate materials to kill microbes.
This document discusses animal cell culture and its applications. It provides information on:
1) The uses of animal cell culture including production of recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and cell biology studies.
2) Characteristics of animal cell culture compared to microorganism culture, including lower growth rates and productivity.
3) Products that can be produced from mammalian cell cultures including cells, cell-derived products, and recombinant glycoproteins.
4) Types of animal cells commonly used in culture including epithelial, fibroblast, muscle, and blood/lymph cells.
The Edible-Bird’s Nest (EBN) Swiftlet Ranching Interest Scheme (the “ESRIS Scheme/the Scheme”) is the first swiftlet ranching business licensed by the Malaysian government and an investment scheme approved by Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM). It is considered a low risk investment with expected high returns. http://www.swiftletecopark.com.my
1. The document discusses leatherback sea turtles, which are one of the oldest and most endangered reptiles on Earth.
2. Leatherbacks are the largest turtles, reaching over 6 feet and 1,000 pounds, with a soft pliable shell instead of a hard bony shell like other turtles.
3. The main threats leatherbacks face are human activities like beach development, debris in the oceans, poaching of eggs, and accidental capture in fishing gear.
1. The document discusses different types of live corners that can be set up in schools, including aquariums, terrariums, and vivaria. Aquariums house fish and create ecosystems, terrariums are sealed containers for plants and small creatures on land, and vivaria simulate specific habitats.
2. Live corners are important for students to develop skills in observation, appreciation of nature, and understanding of concepts like ecosystems and interdependence. Setting up different types of live corners exposes children to hands-on learning opportunities.
3. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that live corners are essential for every school to improve students' thinking and observation abilities.
This document provides an overview of Australia's unique mammals, which can be divided into monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. It describes several iconic Australian species in detail, including the platypus, koala, kangaroo, Tasmanian devil, and dingo. The text highlights that monotremes lay eggs, marsupials give birth to underdeveloped young that develop further in the mother's pouch, and the dingo was the only placental mammal native to Australia before European settlement.
Mollusca are a large phylum of soft-bodied invertebrates found in both marine and freshwater environments. There are over 100,000 species including clams, snails, slugs, octopuses, and squids. They are characterized by a mantle cavity and many secrete hard shells from the mantle for protection. Some key mollusk representatives discussed are bivalves like clams which live in coastal waters and filter feed, octopuses which are found in temperate oceans worldwide and have eight arms and three hearts, and snails which use a rasping tongue called a radula to eat and come in many forms from land to sea.
Mollusca of India and need for conservationAshish sahu
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda. The members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species
Koalas are solitary, tree-dwelling marsupials that live in eucalyptus trees in coastal regions of eastern Australia. They have gray fur and grow up to 24 inches tall. Koalas primarily eat eucalyptus leaves and get all their hydration from the leaves. They climb trees by grasping the trunk with their forepaws and jumping up with their hind legs. Koalas are nocturnal, excellent swimmers, and mothers carry newborn koalas that are the size of lima beans in their pouches. Threats to koalas include loss of habitat and vehicle collisions.
Koalas are solitary, tree-dwelling marsupials that live in eucalyptus trees in coastal regions of eastern Australia. They have gray fur and grow up to 24 inches tall. Koalas primarily eat eucalyptus leaves and get all their hydration from the leaves. They climb trees by grasping the trunk with their forepaws and jumping up with their hind legs. Koalas are nocturnal, excellent swimmers, and mothers carry newborn koalas that are the size of lima beans in their pouches. Threats to koalas include loss of habitat and vehicle collisions.
Crocodiles are opportunistic predators that eat a wide variety of prey including fish, birds, mammals, reptiles, and even other crocodiles. Young crocodiles mainly eat fish, crabs, and small birds while adults also prey on larger mammals. Crocodiles swallow prey whole or tear off chunks to eat. They are found throughout tropical regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Although sometimes dangerous to humans, crocodiles rarely kill people.
Definition of adaptation
The importance of adapting
Division of adaptation …
Biomes of our Earth
What it the adapted of ocean biomes
What it the adapted of Desert biomes
Adaptations – an inherited characteristic that helps an organism to survive long enough to reproduce more successfully in its changing environment.
the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
1- Maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity.
2- Organisms that have not been able to adapt to changing environmental conditions that have become extinct.
3- When determined to change something in the behavior of living organisms we follow the theory of adaptation.
4- Simulation.
This document discusses corals and coral reefs. It begins by explaining that corals are tiny sea animals that often form colonies attached to rocks or reefs. Over time, as corals die their skeletons remain and new corals grow on top, building large coral reef structures. As reefs grow closer to shore they form fringing reefs, which can become barrier reefs that are further from shore. Coral reefs are important habitats for many sea creatures and are also areas for fishing and recreation. However, coral reefs are being destroyed by practices like dynamite fishing and pollution. Ways to protect coral reefs include banning destructive fishing techniques and controlling pollution.
This document summarizes the threats facing turtle conservation and provides information about several turtle species. It discusses major threats such as consumption of turtle eggs, artificial lighting, beach armouring, beach nourishment, predators, commercial fisheries, oil and gas exploration, ingestion of marine debris. It also provides details about specific turtle species like the hawksbill sea turtle, green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle and olive ridley sea turtle. The document concludes by suggesting actions people can take to help turtle conservation like not eating turtle eggs and not destroying turtle habitat.
1) The document discusses the structures and life cycles of simple aquatic invertebrate animals including sponges, jellyfish, hydra, and moon jellyfish.
2) It describes how sponges filter feed through pores and reproduce sexually or asexually, and how jellyfish have radial symmetry and can reproduce sexually or through budding polyps.
3) Details are provided on the hydra, a small freshwater animal that can reproduce asexually through budding or sexually, and facts are given about the moon jellyfish and box jellyfish.
The document summarizes the evolution of modern whales from their land-dwelling mammalian ancestors. It describes several key whale ancestors such as Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, and Rodhocetus that displayed adaptations like shorter legs and pelvises for swimming. Dorudon had tiny hind legs and could live off salt water, resembling modern whales. Modern whales are divided into toothed whales and those with baleen, both with tail flukes and underwater hearing abilities.
Crocodiles are opportunistic predators that will eat whatever prey is most readily available or plentiful in their habitat. Their diet consists of fish, birds, mammals, reptiles, and sometimes other crocodiles. Young crocodiles primarily eat small fish, crabs and birds. Crocodiles swallow their food whole or tear it into chunks to eat. They are also scavengers and will eat already dead animals. Crocodiles have evolved bodies well-adapted for both aquatic and terrestrial living.
Oikumene - The Nature and Wildlife Quiz - Tie Grab 2019SJC Quizzers
This document provides 15 multiple choice questions about topics in biology, ecology, and biomimicry. The questions cover subjects like the unique features of animals like the aye-aye lemur's elongated middle finger and megapode birds' method of incubation. Other questions ask about biomimicry examples like termite mounds inspiring building design and velcro being modeled after burdock seeds. The document tests knowledge of specific species, their traits, ecological roles, and examples of biomimicry.
This document provides information on various snake animals. It begins with an introduction and lists 10 different snake animals, including their scientific names and conservation statuses. For each snake animal, it describes their distribution, taxonomy, physical characteristics, feeding behavior, and other biological details. It also discusses the economic importance of some snakehead fish and snake catfish. In conclusion, the document comprehensively covers the biology and taxonomy of diverse snake animals from different taxonomic groups.
Adaptations Of Aquatic Animals Powerpointguest0ad475
This document discusses the adaptations of several aquatic animals including dolphins, sea turtles, orca whales, and sea lions. Dolphins have streamlined bodies, flippers, thick blubber, and use echolocation to hunt. Sea turtles have a shell for protection, strong flippers for swimming, and can stay submerged for long periods. Orca whales are powerful predators that live in social family groups and have a varied diet. Sea lions have flippers they use to walk and swim, thick blubber, and inhabit cooler northern waters where they feed on fish and cephalopods.
This document discusses the adaptations of several aquatic animals including dolphins, sea turtles, orca whales, and sea lions. Dolphins have streamlined bodies, flippers, thick blubber, and use echolocation to hunt. Sea turtles have a shell for protection, strong flippers for swimming, and can stay submerged for long periods. Orca whales are highly social, hunt in pods, and have a varied diet including fish, seals, and even other whales. Sea lions have flippers they use to walk and swim, thick blubber, and inhabit cooler northern waters where they feed on fish and squid. All of these animals have developed characteristics that allow them to thrive in their aquatic environments
Freshwater turtles have a bone or piece of cartilage that develops into a shell on their back called a carapace, with a lower plate on their belly called a plastron, connected by bony bridges. Their shells are made of keratin and have a dome shape for protection. Turtles have short, webbed legs and must surface to breathe air, though they can spend time on land. Female turtles choose their mates and lay eggs without parental involvement. While male turtles fight each other to mate, they only provide fertilization. Endangered freshwater turtle species include the Red-Crowned River Turtle. Some turtles, like red-eared sliders, are kept as pets.
Similar to swiflet research by Lord Cranbrook (20)
UGSOLAR TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD is a solar energy company that has been operating since 1997 in Taiwan and has since expanded to China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Bangladesh. They offer a wide range of solar products and systems including micro solar lighting kits, mini solar power kits, solar home systems, solar water pumps, and solar surveillance units. Their hybrid solar power systems combine solar power with battery storage and backup generators to provide reliable off-grid power for telecom towers and other applications.
Palm oil production has significantly contributed to global vegetable oil supply, with Malaysia and Indonesia being major exporters. Palm oil cultivation uses less land than other oilseed crops to produce higher yields, making it more sustainable. The palm oil industry in Malaysia has adopted various green technologies over the past two decades such as zero burning practices and integrated pest management to reduce environmental impacts. Palm oil biomass is also being utilized through applications like power generation and waste treatment to further improve sustainability.
1) The document analyzes the thermal degradation of three natural polymers - sodium hyaluronate, xanthan, and methylcellulose - using thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy.
2) The results show sodium hyaluronate and xanthan, which are charged polysaccharides, have lower thermal stability than the neutral polysaccharide methylcellulose.
3) Kinetic parameters like activation energy were determined using the Ozawa and Freeman-Carroll methods, which suggest changes in the degradation mechanism with increasing mass loss. Activation energies are generally higher for methylcellulose indicating greater thermal stability.
This document summarizes research on the effects of gamma irradiation on the viscoelastic properties of sodium alginate polysaccharides. The researchers found that:
1) Irradiating sodium alginate solutions decreased their apparent viscosity and consistency, suggesting the gamma rays broke down the macromolecular structure.
2) Higher irradiation doses and lower polysaccharide concentrations led to greater decreases in viscosity.
3) The non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic behavior of the solutions was maintained after irradiation, though trends moved toward Newtonian behavior at higher doses.
The document summarizes a study on the thermal degradation of three natural polymers: sodium hyaluronate, xanthan, and methylcellulose. Thermogravimetric analysis showed sodium hyaluronate and xanthan had lower thermal stability than methylcellulose. Kinetic parameters like activation energy were determined using the Ozawa and Freeman-Carroll methods, which suggested changes in degradation mechanism with mass loss. Activation energies from Freeman-Carroll were higher, accounting for thermal history effects. Infrared spectroscopy observed scission of side groups at low temperatures and backbone links at high temperatures, agreeing with kinetic parameters.
The document outlines the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS) used by the university. It discusses (1) how credits are weighted and equated to student learning hours, (2) how modules are assigned levels, (3) the credit structures required for different qualifications, (4) assessment methods, (5) how qualifications can be awarded, and (6) limits on credit that can be transferred from other institutions.
This document contains technical data for an unknown purpose. It includes a string of characters that may be an identifier but does not seem to contain any clear language, titles, topics or other summarizable information.
This document discusses topics related to industrial biotechnology including fermentation products, microorganisms used in fermentation, and historical and future applications of industrial biotechnology. It provides classifications of microorganisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Details are given on bacterial cell structure, essential and non-essential components. Methods for classifying bacteria such as gram stain and morphological characteristics are also summarized.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
8. COLLOCALIINI Lim Chan Koon Aerodramus Collocalia Hydrochous Glossy Grey-brown Giant swiftlet swiftlets swiftlets /Waterfall swift Schoutedenapus Africa 2 species
9. Diversity peaks World range of swiftlets: Indo-Pacific Mascerenes Eastern Himalayas New Caledonia Hawaii Indo-Malayan region
10. World range of swiftlets: Indo-Malayan Mascerenes A erodramus unicolor New Caledonia
11.
12. Diversity of swiftlets of Indian ocean, Asia & Australasia [nos. of species] [1] [1] [1] [ < 1 > ] [3] [ < [ 8 ] > ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 7 ] [1] [ 6 ] [1] Migratory
18. The nest of the Giant Swiftlet is built of mossy vegetation, loosely held together by soft, moist salivary material. This swiftlet lays a single egg Photo: J-H. Becking
19. The single nestling of the giant swiftlet. The plumose down is unique among swiftlets Photo: J-H. Becking
20.
21. troglodytes esculenta Plain tailed linchi Glossy swiftlets Two species in Malaysia White spots on tail feathers
22. Speciation among Glossy swiftlets, Collocalia C. esculenta L. 1758 C. linchi H & M 1834 C. troglodytes Gray 1845 All build self-supporting cup-like nests of strands of plant material, fixed with a basal band of edible nest ‘cement’
23. Collocalia : glossy swiftlets 1. White-bellied swiftlets C. esculenta
42. White nests ( ‘vestitus’) Salai cave, Baram, Sarawak Photo Lim Chan Koon
43. White nests are highest value These nests are composed almost entirely of edible nest-cement, with no more than a few feathers adhering to or incorporated, Raw nests may be worth RM 7000 per kg of ~100 nests
44.
45. There are also two species of “white-nest” swiftlets This is the typical dark-rumped form Aerodramus f. fuciphagus of Java
47. AMNH 634703 f Coll. H.C. Robinson, Koh Pennan (Phangan Is) 13 June 1913. L Wing 112 No moult. Grey rumped, or Germain’s swiftlet Aerodramus germani Coasts and islands from Hainan (China) & Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, to Andaman Is Grey rump, with dark shaft streaks
53. P. Condore Type locality Malacca Satang Island Mantanani Is. Berhala Is. Maratua Is. (ssp. perplexus ) Southern and western limits of Grey-rumped swiftlets Aerodramus germani in Malaysia P. Tioman Gomantong Sembilan Is
56. “ White Rock” (Sembilan Is.) Eleven nests of Grey-rumped swiftlet on 7/4/2010
57. SWIFTLETS (COLLOCALIINI) of MALAYSIA RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES 2010 1. Conservation issues Photo: Lim Chan Koon
58. Karst limestone of interior Borneo Surprisingly, no records of Aerodramus swiftlets in any cave in Msia Semenanjung Caves in limestone and other rocks are the natural nesting sites of swiftlets.
59. White cliffs Dizzy heights Twisty tunnels The work of nest collectors is very hazardous
60. A. (f.) vestitus Salai cave, Baram, Sarawak Rarely can nests be gathered by hand Lim Chan Koon
61. Walkways in cave interiors are made of natural materials Panguma cave, Niah, Sarawak Black-nest colony
62. Nuar at Panguma Fixed climbing aids also use available natural materials
72. House in transition C. linchi > A. fuciphagus Glossy swiftlet nests White nests
73. New nest house at Bayang Kara, Kaltim. Original wooden house with C. esculenta nests enclosed in concrete shell; eggs imported from W. Java Ventilation holes Cladding, for coolness Javanese technology exported
74. Spontaneous occupation of buildings by edible/white-nest swiftlets Penang & Butterworth Kuala Terengganu Bintulu Melaka Singapore Java (multiple instances) Banjermasin Since 1890
75. Spontaneous colonisations of buildings in Pen. Malaysia Penang (1947) K. Terengganu (1974) Kuala Lumpur (1948) Known start dates Melaka (1953) Singapore (1935)
76.
77. Since 1990s swiftlet-farming has relied on the direct attraction of free-flying birds into specially constructed houses
82. House-farmed white-nest swiftlets of Sarawak do not resemble either of the wild species Aerodramus germani on islands Aerodramus (f.) vestitus of inland caves
105. The Malaysian government has recognised that the husbandry of swiftlets in houses falls into the remit of the Veterinary Department, including issues such as animal welfare and cruelty
106.
107. Breeding cycle & salivary gland activity Females Males Gonads active Salivary glands inactive Gonads inactive Salivary glands active
108. White-nest : coordinated breeding Lim Chan Koon
120. Corner nests are 3 rd -grade in the market, which prefers 180º nests
121. Studies of behaviour at the cave mouth shows that swiftlets feed only during daylight hours, and that weather (especially rain) is an important determinant of the birds’ activity. It is likely that prolonged rainy weather is detrimental to their ability to feed
123. Analysis of food balls fed to nestlings, compared with passive samples of aerial insects, shows that swiftlets are selective feeders, taking a very wide variety of arthropod prey
124.
125. Could managed, selective breeding of house-farmed birds improve the stock, e.g., female fecundity, nest weight or quality, disease resistance ?
126.
127. In the scenario of this newest domestication, with the backing of sound husbandry and good science , rational planning can ensure the perpetuation and sustainable management of this important biological resource.
133. Gathorne Hardy MA PhD PNBS(K) (5 th Earl of Cranbrook) Sarawak Museum (1956 - Yayasan Siswa Lokantara Universiti Malaya Niah cave excavations “Expeditions” (1964 – 92), to Kinabalu, Gn Benom, Vanuatu, Gn Mulu, Belalong (Brunei) Chairman, English Nature (1990-98), Chairman Entrust, Regulator of Environmental bodies under UK Landfill tax regulations (1996)