Sv 40
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Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a polyomavirus that infects monkeys. It was accidentally introduced to humans via contaminated polio vaccines in the 1950s-60s. SV40 has the ability to integrate into the host cell genome and induce tumors in animals. It was initially used as a model virus to study eukaryotic molecular processes and became a popular gene delivery vector due to its non-immunogenicity and ability to infect a wide range of cells. While SV40's role in human cancer is unclear, some studies have found SV40 DNA sequences in some human tumor samples.
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Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a polyomavirus that was first isolated from monkey kidney cell cultures used to produce the poliovirus vaccine. It has a small circular DNA genome wrapped in histone proteins. The genome contains early and late protein coding genes as well as regulatory sequences. The early proteins are non-structural while the late proteins form the viral capsid. The SV40 genome can be modified to replace the early protein coding genes with a gene of interest for gene therapy purposes. A recombinant SV40 viral vector offers advantages such as the ability to transduce both dividing and resting cells with high efficiency and provide long-lasting transgene expression.
Sv 40
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a DNA virus that can cause tumors in monkeys and humans, and it was first identified as a contaminant in polio vaccines in the 1960s. SV40 has been widely used as a cloning vector due to its ability to efficiently deliver genes into a variety of cells without killing the host cell or eliciting an immune response. Future research prospects for SV40 vectors include developing recombinant versions for gene transfer applications and furthering understanding of related retroviruses.
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Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a polyomavirus that was first isolated from monkey kidney cell cultures used to produce the poliovirus vaccine. It has a small circular DNA genome wrapped in histone proteins. The genome contains early and late protein coding genes as well as regulatory sequences. The early proteins are non-structural while the late proteins form the viral capsid. The SV40 genome can be modified to replace the early protein coding genes with a gene of interest for gene therapy purposes. A recombinant SV40 viral vector offers advantages such as the ability to transduce both dividing and resting cells with high efficiency and provide long-lasting transgene expression.
Sv 40
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This document discusses various methods of transfection, which is the process of introducing nucleic acids into cells. It describes both physical and chemical transfection methods. Physical methods include electroporation, microinjection, and cell squeezing, which introduce DNA directly into cells using physical forces. Chemical methods involve using reagents like cationic lipids, calcium phosphate, and cationic polymers to form complexes with DNA that are then taken up by cells. The document discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of many common transfection methods.
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SV40 is a DNA virus found in both monkeys and humans. It was discovered that between 1955 and 1963, polio vaccines were contaminated with SV40, which was present in rhesus monkey kidney cells used to produce the vaccines. SV40 has a circular double stranded DNA genome that encodes 5 proteins. The SV40 genome can be used to develop transducing vectors, transforming vectors, and plasmid vectors. Transducing vectors produce viral particles to infect monkey cells, while transforming vectors do not replicate and serve as a vehicle to transform host DNA. Plasmid vectors replicate in monkey cells but are not packaged into virions, and are generally unstable.
Virology-I.pptx
1. Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that are composed of nucleic acid and proteins and require a host cell to replicate. They were first observed in 1886 to cause tobacco mosaic disease.
2. In 1892, Beijerinck discovered that the infectious agent causing tobacco mosaic disease was a "contagium vivum fluidum", or "living fluid contagion", which was later shown to be tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in 1935.
3. Viruses have a variety of shapes including rod-shaped, spherical, filamentous, and bacilliform. They contain a protein capsid that protects the viral genome, which can be DNA or RNA but not both. Viruses use
Viruses lecture 1
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
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. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsDeep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
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Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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Sv 40
- 1. SV 40 SIMIAN VIRUS 40 PRESENTED BY KAVYA.H.DAS 2ND YEAR M.SC.ZOOLOGY PSG COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
- 2. VECTORS • Vectors are autonomously replicating DNA molecules that can be used to carry foreign DNA fragments. • It is a vehicle used in gene cloning. • DNA of interest is first cloned into an appropriate vector and then by transfection, the gene can be inserted into the host for its expression. • For expressing heterologous genes in mammalian cells, usually vectors derived from mammalian viruses are used. • Retroviruses are the most common vectors at present.
- 3. SV40 • SV40 is a macaque polyomavirus consisting of icosahedral particles of 45 nm in diameter. • Each particle contains a single copy of the viral genome, a circular 5.2 kilobase pairs long double-stranded DNA molecule packaged with histones to form a mini-chromosome. • The SV40 genomic DNA has two genes. The early gene encodes two non-structural replication-associated proteins: small T antigen and large T antigen. The late gene codes for the structural viral proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, respectively.
- 4. •The first vector used for mammalian cell was based on SV40 virus genome. •SV40 served as the model virus to study molecular and biochemical processes in eukaryote organisms. •SV-40 is a small virus, that infects monkey(simian). •In macaques, SV40 causes chronic
- 5. •Children who received the SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine did not develop an adaptive immune response to the virus particles. •Hence, SV40 is non-immunogenic. •The viral particles prevent activation of TLRs, escape from the proteasome, and thus evade antigen presentation to cells of the host’s immune system during this initial stage of infection.
- 6. •This implies that SV40 after its entrance into permissive cells is able to efficiently evade TLR binding and prevents presentation of viral antigens on MHC molecules to cells of the host’s immune system. •Genome of many viruses such as adenovirus and papilloma viruses, which have a relatively high insert capacity are used as vectors for cloning/expression of genes in mammalian cells. •REPLICATION - The circular double-stranded DNA starts replicating from the ORI and proceeds as a
- 7. MULTIPLICITY REACTIVATION • SV40 is capable of multiplicity reactivation (MR). • MR is the process by which two or more virus genomes containing otherwise lethal damage interact within an infected cell to form a viable virus genome. • Under conditions in which only a single virus particle entered each host cell, approximately one DNA cross-link was lethal to the virus and could not be repaired. In contrast, when multiple viral genomes infected a host cell, MR occurred.
- 8. WHY CHOOSE SV40? • rSV40s are good candidate vehicles for gene transfer: they are easily modified to be non-replicative and they are non- immunogenic. • Further, they infect a wide variety of cells and allow long- term transgene expression. • The macaque polyomavirus Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is unique in its capacity to evade intracellular antiviral defense responses upon cell entry. • The non-immunogenicity in its natural host is not only of benefit to the virus but also to us in developing effective SV40 vector-based treatments for today’s major human diseases.
- 9. PRESENCE OF SV-40 IN HUMAN POPULATION • In humans, polyomaviral particles can be found in the kidney and urine of immunocompetent individuals and in kidney, brain, lung, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells in immunocompromised individuals.
- 10. SV40 AND CANCER • Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 is a DNA virus that has the potential to cause tumors in animals, but most often persists as a latent infection. • Simian virus 40 (SV40) is known to cause tumourigenesis. • The main types of tumour induced by SV40 in laboratory animals mirror the human cancers that have been found to contain SV40 DNA or the viral oncoprotein. • It is currently unclear whether SV40 has any role in causing tumors.
- 11. REFERENCE • https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.011 60/full • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S15250016 04013097 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdeI5bhylaY • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S14702 04503010246 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SV40