This ppt contains info on the concerned topic of community medicine. It also includes the latest info published by the World Health Organization (WHO)

1. SURVEILLANCE OF DRINKING
WATER QUALITY
GAGAN.S
ROLL.NO :- 29

2. CONTENTS:-
 Guidelines for drinking water quality. (WHO)
 Objectives of Surveillance.
 ACTIVITIES in a Surveillance.
 ELEMENTS of a Surveillance Programme.
 The National Rural Drinking Water Quality
Monitoring & Surveillance Programme(2006).
 Key facts – WHO Website

3. GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING
WATER QUALITY
• THE WHO PUBLISHED GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY.
• ITS IMPLEMENTATION ENSURES SAFETY OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES.
• GUIDELINES FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY RECOMMENDED BY WHO (2011)
RELATE TO:-
1. ACCEPTABILITY ASPECTS
2. MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
3. CHEMICAL ASPECTS
4. RADIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

4. 1.ACCEPTABILITY ASPECTS:-
[Taste threshold]
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
1- Turbidity- less than 4 NTU 1-Cl - 200mg/l; Na - 200mg/l (Taste)
2- Colour- less than 15 TCU 2- Hardness- threshold for Ca- 300mg/l
3- Odour & Taste- Indicative of pollution 3- Mn- 0.1mg/l; Cu– 1mg/l (stains sanitary
ware)
or malfunction during treatment. 4-Ammonia-below 0.2mg/lit(pol. by bact,
sew)
5-pH- 6.5 to 8.5 [ below 6.5 – corrosion]
6- H2S- 0.05-0.1mg/lit [ rotten
egg odour]

5. 2.MICROBIOLOGICAL
ASPECTS:-
 BACTERIOLOGICAL INDICATORS COLIFORM ORGANISMS
FAECAL STREPTOCOCCI
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
free from virus
normally disinfected with 0.2mg/ml of free
chlorine residual
 VIROLOGICAL ASPECTS disinfect with 05mg/ml in cases of Hep A within
contact period of 30min at pH 8
Protozoa- E.histolytica
 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS Helminths- Roundworm , hookworm
Free living- Fungi , algae which interfere with
water
treatment

6. 3.CHEMICAL ASPECTS:-
•

7. 4. RADIOLOGICAL ASPECTS:-
• Radioactivity should be as low as possible.
• Guideline values:-
• Gross alpha activity – 0.5 Bq/L
• Gross beta activity -- 1.0 Bq/L
• 1 Becquerel (Bq) -- 1 disintegration per sec

8. OBJECTIVES OF
SURVEILLANCE:-
Identify and evaluate factors associated
with drinking water which could pose a
health risk.
To take preventive and remedial action.
For development of rational strategies for
improvement of quality of water supply
services.
To meet agreed National standards &

9. ACTIVITIES IN A SURVEILLANCE
FUNCTION:-
Approval of new sources (including private-owned supplies).
Watershed protection.
Approval of construction and operating procedures of
waterworks, including
Disinfection of the plant and of the distribution system after
repair or interruption of supply.
Periodic flushing programmes and cleaning of water storage
facilities.
Certification of the operators.

10. Sanitary surveys.
Monitoring programmes, including provision for central
and regional analytical laboratory services.
Development of codes of practice for well construction,
pump installation and plumbing.
Inspection quality control in bottled-water and ice
manufacturing operations.

11. ELEMENTS OF SURVEILLANCE
PROGRAMME
• 1. Sanitary survey.
• 2. Sampling.
• 3. Bacteriological surveillance:-
A- Presumptive coliform test
- multiple tube method.
- membrane filtration technique.
B- Detection of faecal streptococci and Cl.
perfringens.
C- Colony count.
• 4. Biological examination. (MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS)

12. 1.SANITARY SURVEY:-
 “ an on-site inspection and evaluation by a qualified person
of all the conditions, devices, and practices in the water
supply system which pose a danger to the health and well
being of the water consumer.”
When is it done:-
• On regular basis.
• A new source is being contemplated.
• Laboratory analysis indicates hazard to health.
• An outbreak occurs
• To interpret bacteriological, chemical and physical analysis
of samples.

13. 2.SAMPLING:-
 Ensure no external contamination.
 Asepsis glass bottles with securely fitting stoppers or caps with
non toxic liners.
 Sample for general analysis = 2 litres (non-acidified)
 Bacteriological analysis = 250ml (sterilized bottle)
 Metals analysis = 1000ml (acidified sample)
 WINCHESTER QUART BOTTLES- for physical
and chemical examination.
 Sampling done by sampling assistant.
[Sterilized 250ml bottles
with ground glass stopper]

14. 2 Basic types of water sampling
Water from a tap in a distribution system Water from watercourse(river,
lake, well,etc)

15. • TRANSPORT & STORAGE OF
SAMPLE:-
 DATE
 PLACE
 TIME OF COLLECTION & DISPATCH
 SOURCE
 RAINFALL
 FINDINGS

16. 3A .MULTIPLE TUBE
METHOD:-
(Most Probable Number of coliform organisms)

17. CONFIRMATION TEST
Take the positive tube from coliform test
Incubate one plate at 37 deg C for 24 hours and another at 44.5
deg C for 24 hours.
Look for typical colonies in the media..
ex:- blue black with green metallic sheen colonies indicate E.coli

18. Cellulose
ester

19. 3B.Detection of faecal streptococci and Cl.
Perfringens:-
• The presence of faecal streptococci and Cl.
perfringens provides useful confirmatory evidence
of the faecal pollution of water in doubtful cases.

20. 3C. COLONY COUNT:-
• Nutrient agar at 37 deg C and 27 deg C.
• An estimate of the general bacterial purity of water.
• Same source at frequent intervals may be of considerable value.
• A sudden increase in the colony count may give the earliest
indication of contamination.

21. The National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring &
Surveillance Programme was launched in February 2006.
• Institutionalization of community participation and
involvement of Panchayat Raj Institutions(PRIs)
for water quality monitoring & surveillance of all
drinking water sources.
• Appointing a JAL SURAKSHAK.

22. Key facts:- (WHO WEBSITE)
• IN 2017, 71% OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION (5.3 BILLION PEOPLE) USED A SAFELY MANAGED
DRINKING-WATER SERVICE – THAT IS, ONE LOCATED ON PREMISES, AVAILABLE WHEN
NEEDED, AND FREE FROM CONTAMINATION.
• 90% OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION (6.8 BILLION PEOPLE) USED AT LEAST A BASIC SERVICE.
A BASIC SERVICE IS AN IMPROVED DRINKING-WATER SOURCE WITHIN A ROUND TRIP OF 30
MINUTES TO COLLECT WATER.
• 785 MILLION PEOPLE LACK EVEN A BASIC DRINKING-WATER SERVICE, INCLUDING 144
MILLION PEOPLE WHO ARE DEPENDENT ON SURFACE WATER.
• GLOBALLY, AT LEAST 2 BILLION PEOPLE USE A DRINKING WATER SOURCE CONTAMINATED
WITH FAECES.
• CONTAMINATED WATER CAN TRANSMIT DISEASES SUCH DIARRHOEA, CHOLERA, DYSENTERY,
TYPHOID, AND POLIO. CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER IS ESTIMATED TO CAUSE 485 000
DIARRHOEAL DEATHS EACH YEAR.
• BY 2025, HALF OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION WILL BE LIVING IN WATER-STRESSED AREAS.
• IN LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, 22% OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES HAVE NO WATER
SERVICE, 21% NO SANITATION SERVICE, AND 22% NO WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE.

23. REFERENCES :-
• Park’s Textbook of PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL
MEDICINE.
• WHO- Guidelines for drinking water quality: 4th
edition.
• https://jalshakti-ddws.gov.in/support-activities.