This document discusses the importance of proper sanitary arrangements for temporary gatherings to prevent the spread of disease. It outlines key factors to consider like water supply, food safety, excreta and waste disposal, and medical facilities. Specific recommendations are provided for each factor, such as treating water sources, inspecting food handling, using latrines, and establishing first aid centers. Examples from large events like the Kumbh Mela in India demonstrate effective sanitation practices for temporary mass gatherings.

1. SANITORY ARRANGEMENT
DURING A TEMPORARY
GATHERING.
SONIA.
S
III

2. Why there is a need for
proper sanitary arrangement
during a temporary
gathering???
 Mass gathering
Risk of spread of communicable diseases
Risk of accidents like stampede ,fire
accidents,etc

4. Factors to be taken into
consideration
 Water supply
 Food safety
 Excreta disposal
 Solid waste disposal
 Heath care and medical facilities
 Housing

5. WATER SUPPLY

6.  Water supply in regard to sanitation is very
much important since people are
commonly affected by water borne
diseases like cholera and dysentery.
 Enough supply of clean water for drinking
and other utilities should be made
available.
 New wells must be dug before the opening
of the fare , Existing tanks and wells must
be treated with bleaching powder daily.
 The disinfected water should be filtered
and stored properly in clean water tanks.

7. Water supply of maha kumbh mela in
India.
• The uttar pradesh government forms a jal
board,which was responsible for supplying clean
water to the pilgrims.
• The board provided 24 hours supply of clean water
on an average of 45liters per person.
• The supplied water was periodically tested by
ORTHOLIDINE TEST at 6 random sites.
• The jal board also constructed the retention pool to
make sure that the sewage did not pollute the
water.
Examples help us understand
better!!!

8. FOOD SAFETY

9.  Arrangements should be made for supply of
clean and wholesome food at a reasonable price.
 Sanitary inspector should examine milk,fish and
other food and see that these food should be
kept clean.
 All the prepared food should be covered.
 Food handlers should be instructed to maintain
cleanliness.
 Place of cooking or serving should not be near
the sewage , toilet ,etc.
 Clean water should be used for preparation of
food.
 Waste generated should be disposed properly.

10. EXCRETA DISPOSAL

11. Importance of excreta disposal
 Human excreta is a source of infection.
 Environmental pollution-soil and water.
 Contamination of food.
 Propagation of flies.

12. The resulting diseases
are
Typhoid and paratyphoid
Dysenteries and diarrhoeas
Cholera
Parasitic infestations-hook worm and
ascariasis
Viral hepatitis
Other intestinal infections

13. HOW ARE DISEASES
CARRIED FROM EXCRETA???

14. Latrines suitable for temporary
events.
 Shallow trench latrines
 Deep trench latrines
 Pit latrines
 Bore hole latrine
 Mobile toilets

15. SHALLOW TRENCH
LATRINE
 A simple trench is dug with ordinary
tools.
 It is 30 cm wide
90-150cm deep
3-3.5meters(for 100 people).
 Separate trenches should be provided
for male and female.
 People should be instructed to cover
faeces with earth each time they use the
laterine.

16.  However instructions may not be carried
out and it is necessary to post sweepers.
 Ablution water must be provided.
 The shallow trench is a rudimentary
arrangement for short period(up to 1 wk)
 When the trench is filled to 30 cm below
the ground level it is covered and
compacted
 It must be heaped above the ground
level and new trench must be dug.


18. DEEP TRENCH LATRINE
 This type of latrine is intended for
camps of longer duration.
 The trench is 1.8-2.5m deep and 75-
90cms wide.
 Seat or a squatting plate is provided
 A super structure is build for privacy
and protection.

20. BOREHOLE LATRINE
 Introduced in India by Rockfeller
foundation in 1930’s as a component
of hookworm control programme.
 It consist of circular hole dug 30-40cm
in diameter dug vertically to a depth of
4-8m by an equipment called auger.

22. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

23.  An adequate number of stratergically
located garbage containers are
required.
 Solid waste needs to be regularly
removed from the site
 The number of containers depends
on number of people and the waste
generated.
 Consideration should be given to allow
for reuse recycle and composting.

24. Methods of disposal
1. Dumping
2. Controlled tipping
3. Incineration
4. Composting
5. Manual pit
6. Burial

25. HEALTH CARE AND
MEDICAL FACILITIES

26.  Vaccination- anti cholera vaccines and
small pox vaccines are given to
shopkeepers and pilgrims
 First aid centre should be opened in
different sections
 In case of any infectious disease ,the
patient must be immediately isolated.
 Suspect out breaks of any disease must
be reported to medical health officer.
 Emergency services like
ambulance,mobile ICU , etc must be
provided.

27. ACCOMODATION

28.  The area of the fair should be divided into
isolated plots and it should me made sure that
the lodging houses are free from sickness and
kept in proper order.
 The area should be planned for roads, shops
and temporary sheds for the accommodation of
the people
 All lodging houses should be registered and a
fixed number of lodgers should be
accommodated.
 Rules should be drawn up for the number of
persons accommodated, cleanliness of the
premises, protection of water supply
 Temporary sheds to be constructed to
accommodate extra people.

29. REFFERENCES
 Textbook of social and preventive
medicine by park.
 http://medcosmospsm.blogspot.in/200
8/09/sanitation-of-fairs-and-
festivals.html
 http://currents.plos.org/disasters/articl
e/managing-the-earths-biggest-mass-
gathering
 ndma.gov.in/images/pdf/managingcro
wdsguide.pdf
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2