This seminar discusses using superconductors for surge current protection. Superconductors conduct electricity with zero resistance below a critical temperature. They can be used as fault current limiters to protect power systems when faults occur. Two main types of superconductor fault current limiters are resistive and inductive. Superconductive fault current limiters offer advantages like safety, reliability, and extended equipment life. Future plans include developing three-phase limiters for testing on power grids this century. Superconductive fault current limiters have applications in transmission and distribution systems.

1. SEMINAR ON
SURGE CURRENT PROTECTION
USING
SUPERCONDUCTOR
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
RAJNISH MITTER MAHESH MEENA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT 10ELDEE726

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT
• WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR
• TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
• FAULT CURRENT LIMITER
• PROTECTION SCHEME
• APPLICATION
• FUTURE PLANS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
Modern power system are growing fast with more
generators, transformers and large network in the
system. whenever a fault occurs there is a need for the
protection of these system. Here we discussed the use
of superconductor as protective device for surge
current protection. Superconductors conduct
electricity, offering zero resistance below certain
temperature. We study different types of
superconductor as fault current limiter and their
working.

4. WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT
• The maximum instantaneous input current drawn by
an electrical device when first it is turn ON , is
defined as surge current it is also known as inrush
current or input surge current or switch on surge.
Inrush current can be as high as 100 times the
normal steady state current and lasts for less than
half a normal 60Hz cycle.

5. Surge current waveform

6. WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR
• An element, inter-metallic alloy or compound
that will conduct electricity without resistance
below a certain temperature. The dutch
physicist HEIKE KAMERLINGH ONNES of leiden
university was the first person to observe
superconductivity in mercury.
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly
zero electrical resistance certain materials
when cooled below a characteristics critical
temperature.

7. MEISSNER EFFECT
B
T >Tc T < Tc
B
When you place a superconductor in a magnetic field, the field is expelled below TC.
Magnet
Currents i appear, to cancel B.
i x B on the superconductor
produces repulsion.Superconductor

8. A superconductor displaying the MEISSNER EFFECT
Superconductors have electronic and magnetic properties. That
is, they have a negative susceptibility, and acquire a polarization
OPPOSITE to an applied magnetic field. This is the reason that
superconducting materials and magnets repel one another.
If the temperature increases the sample will lose its
superconductivity and the magnet cannot float on the
superconductor.

9. TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
• Low temperature superconductor
example :- lead and mercury-common LTS
other LTS are Ti, V, Zr, Nb etc.
• High temperature superconductor
exmaple :- YBCO, BSCCO, LSCO etc.

10. STRUCTURE OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
LSCO YBCO
BSCCO

11. FAULT CURRENT LIMITER
• A fault current limiter is a device which limit
prospective fault current when a fault occur.
Generally FCL are superconductor FCL.
• Two major categories of FCL
(1) resistive
(2) inductive

12. SUPERCONDUCTIVE FCL
Fault control with a FCL

13. APPLICATION OF FCL
• FCL’s can be applied in a number of
distribution or transmission areas.
FCL in the main position

14. FCL protect the entire bus FCL in the bus-tie position

15. ADVANTAGES

16. ADVANTAGE continued……
• Safety, reliability, and power quality.
• Cost for C.B. and fuses can be reduced.
• Life of transformers extended.
• Reduced or eliminate wide area, blackouts.
• Provide protection to T&D equipments.

17. SUPERCONDUCTIVE FAULT CURRENT
LIMITER CONCEPT
FCL with HTS trigger coil
(1) series resistive limiter

18. (2) Inductive limiter

19. FUTURE PLAN
• TEPCO will develop a three-phase limiter over
the next three to four years and test it in the
grid within this century. The current plan is to
introduce solid state breakers for distribution
before installing superconductive FCL. The
true application for the superconducting FCL is
at transmission voltages of 500 kV.

20. REFERENCES
• IEEE transaction on applied superconductivity
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/115890153/surge-
current-protection-using-superconductors
• http://jntuhome.com/surge-current-protection-
using-superconductors-seminardownload-full-
paper-eee-seminar-topics/
• http://kguru.info/t-surge-current-protection-
using-superconductors-ppt--55999
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector
• http://www.edaboard.com/thread126937.html

21. CONCLUSION
• The purpose of this paper was the study of surge
current protection using superconductors. The
Superconductor Fault Current Limiters offers efficient
advantages to power systems and opens up a major
application for superconducting materials.

22. ANY QUERIES??