MV Switchgear provides centralized control and protection of medium-voltage power equipment and circuits in industrial, commercial, and utility installations involving generators, motors, feeder circuits, and transmission and distribution lines.
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
How is power transformer protected??? This provides a basic understanding of power transformer. Furthermore, the protective relay application on power transformer is included.
Seminar for eight semester electrical engineering on Conventional and
Un-Conventional Partial Discharge Detection Methods in High Voltage XLPE Cable Accessories
To sense/detect the fault occurrence and other abnormal conditions at the protected equipment/area/section.
To operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment/area/section as quickly as possible, thus minimizing the damage caused by the faults.
To operate the correct circuit breakers to isolate the faulty equipment/area/section from the healthy system in the case of abnormalities like overloads, unbalance, undervoltage, etc.
To clear the fault before the system becomes unstable.
To identify distinctly where the fault has occurred.
How is power transformer protected??? This provides a basic understanding of power transformer. Furthermore, the protective relay application on power transformer is included.
Seminar for eight semester electrical engineering on Conventional and
Un-Conventional Partial Discharge Detection Methods in High Voltage XLPE Cable Accessories
To sense/detect the fault occurrence and other abnormal conditions at the protected equipment/area/section.
To operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment/area/section as quickly as possible, thus minimizing the damage caused by the faults.
To operate the correct circuit breakers to isolate the faulty equipment/area/section from the healthy system in the case of abnormalities like overloads, unbalance, undervoltage, etc.
To clear the fault before the system becomes unstable.
To identify distinctly where the fault has occurred.
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Catalog cs fdp
Catalog CS,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện CS,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp CS,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của CS tại https://dienhathe.com
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm CS vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Catalog cs mcb rccb
Catalog CS,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện CS,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp CS,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của CS tại https://dienhathe.com
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm CS vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.vn
Catalog cs mcb rccb
C&S,
Catalog C&S,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện C&S,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp C&S,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của Autonics tại https://dienhathe.com
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Catalog cs fdp
C&S,
Catalog C&S,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện C&S,
Catalog Điện Công Nghiệp C&S,
http://dienhathe.com,
Xem thêm các sản phẩm khác của Autonics tại https://dienhathe.com
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Digital isolation plays a key role in designing industrial motor control systems. This presentation takes you through why, where and how for isolation designs that optimize system performance while meeting the ever stringent safety and efficient standards. Analog Devices, Nicola O'Byrne at PCIM 2015
Neil Kirby: VSC HVDC Transmission and Emerging Technologies in DC GridsEnergyTech2015
EnergyTech2015.com
TERRESTRIAL POWER TECHNOLOGY I
Track 2 Session 1 Moderator: Dr. Allen Morinec, First Energy
This session will explore technologies developed to improve the terrestrial power utility grid including; fast protection system methods to find and clear faults and dc protection system devices to enable dc distribution systems.
Neil Kirby: Paper 1: VSC HVDC Transmission and Emerging Technologies In DC Grids
Zach Summerford: Paper 2: Ultra-High Speed Relaying for Transmission Lines
Catalog LS, Catalog,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện LS, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của LS tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của LS tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm LS vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
1. IMRAN ZAFAR
Country Manager – Enercon Pakistan
Member Local Council – IEEEP Karachi Centre
Secretary – IEEE PES Society
WhatsApp : +92 335 2224287
E-mail : imran@enercon-eng.com.sg
1
4. 4
Types of Electricity Consumers
Transmission line
500, 220, 132kV
220kV /132kV
Consumer
11kV Consumer
400V Consumer
230V Consumer
Own Generation
Power Generation
Up to 18kV
5. 5
MV Switchgear – Types (Based on Network Position)
primary
distribution
up to 36 kV
feeder current
up to 630 A
Customer
Trans-
fer Substation
Distribution
Substation
secondary
distributio
n
up to 24 kV
feeder current
up to 630 A
Utility
Ring Main Unit
Secondary
Distribution
Primary
Distribution
11. 11
Type & Routine Test According to IEC – 62271-200
TYPE TEST (MANDATORY)
Tests to verify insulation level
Tests to prove temperature-rise
Tests to prove the capability of main and earthing circuits with
rated peak withstand current and short-time withstand current
Tests to prove making and breaking capacity
of included switching devices
Tests to prove satisfactory mechanical functions
Tests to verify the protection of personal safety
Tests of internal arc classification
(mandatory type test, where applicable)
ROUTINE TEST
Dielectric test of main circuit
at power-frequency voltage
Test of auxiliary and control circuits
Evidence of mechanical functioning
12. 12
Ventilation duct necessary for
installations with ceiling height less
than 4 Metre:
5 criteria are defined, all 5 criteria must be tested and
evaluated positively without exception
Criterion 1: Doors and covers remain closed
Criterion 2: No parts must fly off (>60 g)
Criterion 3: No holes in accessible sides
Criterion 4: No indicators may ignite
Criterion 5: Earth connections remain effective
Internal Arc Classification IAC A FLR
17. 17
Electrical Terms for MV Switchgear
3.3, 3.6, 4.8, 6.6 KV
20kV, 22kV
Rated Voltage
Applicable Standard (IEC, NEMA, BS, etc.)
Rated Voltage, Service Voltage,
Short Duration Power Frequency Withstand Voltage
Basic Impulse Lightning Test Voltage
Correction Factor
10kV , 11kV
13.8kV, 15kV
Electrical
Ratings
33kV
Service VoltagePower Frequency Voltage
BIL Voltage
18. 18
Electrical Terms for MV Switchgear
Rated Current
630A, 800 A
1250 A, 1600A
2000A , 2500A
3200A, 4000A
Rated Short Circuit
20kA
25kA
31.5kA
40kA , 50kA
Rated Frequency
50 Hz , 60Hz
Rated Current, Rated Busbar Current, Rated Feeder Current
Service Current ,
Short-Circuit Making Current , Short-Circuit Breaking Current
Rated Frequency
Electrical
Ratings
19. 19
Electrical Ratings Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant 3
Rated voltage, max. kV 12 17.5 24
Rated short-circuit
current, max.
kA 25 31.5 40/50 25
Rated busbar
current, max.
A 2500 2500 4000
Rated feeder current,
max.
A 1000 1250 2500 2000 2500 2500 4000
1250A, 2500A BB, 31.5kA , 12/28/75kV , 50Hz
How you would specify Complete Rating of MV Switchgear ?
23. 25
What You Need to Have in Your MV Switchgear?
Features Incomer
Panel
Feeding to
Transformer
Feeding to
Downstream Feeder
Feeding to Motor
Basic Protections
Relays
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Special
Protections
BUSBAR
Diff
Bucholz,
Differential
Directional ,
Distance
Differential
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Energy Meter Yes Depending on Customer Wish
Test Plug Optional Choice, depend on Budget & Specs
VCB Motor
VCB UVT coil
Yes, if you need to operate your VCB via Electrical Switch or through Remote
Trip Circuit
Supervision
Optional Choice, depend on Budget & Specs
VCB Operation
Counter
Yes Yes Yes Yes
24. 26
What You Need to have in your Switchgear?
Features Incomer
Panel
Feeding to
Transformer
Feeding to
Downstream
Feeder
Feeding to
Motor
Earthing Switch Yes Yes Yes Yes
Earthing Switch
blocking Coil
Yes NO NO NO
Surge Arrester Yes Yes Yes NO
Surge limiter NO NO NO YES
Voltage Transformer Yes, If you need to measure voltage
Current Transformer YES, Core 1 – Protection , Core 2 – Metering,
Core 3 – Differential if needed
Thermostat &
Heaters
Yes, Considering Environmental Condition
25. 27
What You Need to have in your Switchgear?
Additional Indications / Remote Status
VCB Status Signal (ON, OFF , TRIP )
VCB Trolley Position Status (Service , TEST)
Earthing switch Status (ON, OFF)
Standard Interlocks
Capacitive Voltage Indicators
26. 28
Current & Voltage Transformers
Measuring CTs
Potential Transformer
Protection CTs
29. 31
The Purpose of Protection…
The damages aredue to:
Short Circuitin system
Abnormal condition in the system
The Protection can not prevent system faults andabnormal conditions
But it can
limit the damage caused by short circuits andabnormal conditions.
While
Protecting people andequipment from damage
30. 32
The Purpose of installation of protection relay is…
To protect the veryexpensive equipment likeTransformers, Generators, Motors, Cables and
other installed equipment.
To ensurethe interruption of supply to minimumnumberof consumers.
To minimise the production losses of thefactories.
To avoid major Countrylevel shut downs.
31. 33
MV Switchgear – Basic Protections
1. Over Current Protection
2. Short Circuit Protection
3. Earth Fault Protection
1. Motor Protection
2. Transformer Protection
3. Line Protection
4. Capacitor Protection
1. Main Protection
2. Back up Protection
WithRespect to Application
WithRespect to Devices
WithRespect to Fault
33. 36
1. Provides service reliability.
2. Ensures longer life of switchgear.
3. Minimizes fault probability.
4. Increases productivity.
5. Ensures Safety of personnel
6. Saves Investment.
Finally , Maintenance of MV Switchgear, Why it is so Important?
34. How to do Maintenance of VCB ?
37
1. Rack out the trolley in disconnected position.
2. Clean all the dust with the help of cotton cloth from
upward to downward position.
4. Open the VCB front cover plate.
5. Clean the parts with the help of cotton cloth wherever
possible.
6. Apply the WD40 spray on mechanical parts.
7. Apply the petroleum jelly on slow moving parts such as
bearing, Connection Jaws etc.
8. Close the VCB front door.
9. Clean the insulator on VCB trolley as much as you can do.
10. Apply Silicon spray on insulators.
35. Maintenance of MV Switchgear, Tips…
38
1. Remove the back plate of the panels.
2. Clean all the insulators properly & apply Silicon spray.
3. Clean the compartment with the help of vacuums
cleaner or cotton cloth.
4. Check all the power & control cable connections
for proper tightening.
5. Special attention to be paid on HT insulation kit.
6. Open the LT compartment door.
7. Check all the connection for tightness.
8. Bring the trolley on test position and connect the control plug.
9. Circuit of Anti Condensation Heater should be checked.
10. Heater should be ON when panel is not energized to kill moisture.
36. 39
How IEEE Membership benefit you?
• Giving back to Society
• Social Networking & Connection with Community
• Number of Tangible & Intangible Benefits
37. 40
Becoming A Member of IEEE
If you don’t have credit card:
• Send IEEE Account number, Password and payment to mohd_shahab@hotmail.com.
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