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This presentation deals with the basics of Supply Chain Management.It gives short notes on what is it that makes a complete supply chain network and industrial terminologies are explained here.
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Supply chain management
1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Group Members
I. Rizwan Ullah Shah
II. Zeeshan Sami Khan
III. Syed Abdul Hadi Shah
IV. Hazrat Umer
V. Muhammad Ali
VI. Gultayaz Khan
2. Sources And Vendor Management
Strategy
Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL)
“ Our suppliers make more than 70 percent of value of a Maruti Suzuki car. They have a very
critical role in ensuring that our customers get global quality and design, like customers in
the developed countries”
Mr. S. Maitra, Executive Officer, Supply Chain
3. Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL)
Started in 1982
Formally known as Udyog Limited
Joint venture
Maruti Suzuki makes 1.5 m family cars in a year
One car every 12 seconds
True value car
Delivered 14 cars with over 150 variants
Sources internally 25-30 in 2500-3000
4. Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL)
Delivered 14 cars with over 150 variants
Sources internally 25-30 in 2500-3000
Contribution of vendor in value creation process
Multiple supplies within a slot of 2 hours
Strategic thinking and road map
5. Sourcing and Vendor Management
MSIL sources 75-80 percent of its component from locally vendors
Incentive
Facilities
Training
Audits
Line rejection
Warranty cost
6. Sourcing and Vendor Management
Yield improvement program ( Efficiency)
Productivity
Additional incentives
Word-wide Purchase
Value analysis
Material receipt system
Maruti Centre for Excellence
7. Vendor Quality Control
ISO 9000/QS 9000
Vendors certification
ISO 9000
Cluster Approach
Help to attain QS 9000
Vendor quality system Audit
8. Vendor Relationships and Rationalization
Long term strategic relationship
No formal tendering
Win- win situation
Real time information flow
Confidential information
Involves in strategic decision
Internet based information network
Reduced vendors to 220 from 370 and now 100
9. Vendor Location
Supply chain Excellence
Within 100 Km
Two hourly basis
Vendors Guarantee
MSIL trust on vendors
End of MSIL case
10. Sources And Vendor Management
Strategy
Introduction
Competitive for survival
Competition
Reliable delivery, low cost, high quality, product
Sourcing and vendor management system
Management of supply side
Sustained growth and competitive effectiveness
11. Nature and Scope
Leveraging sourcing
Vendor identification
Vendor evaluation and selection
Vendor development and improvement
Vendor integration into process
12. Strategic issues in sourcing
a) Vendor classification/categories
Approved vendor
Qualified vendor
Certified vendor
b) Vendor involvement in product development
e.g. Tata motors
13. Strategic issues in Sourcing
c) Vendor Base Rationalization
e.g. Xerox, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
i. Advantage
Better relationship
Better communication
Decreased unit cost or price
Improved service
14. Strategic issues in Sourcing
d) Single versus multiple sourcing
1) Advantage of single vendor
Lower total costs from a much higher volume
High degree of coordination
High bargaining power and more influence on vendor
15. Strategic issues in Sourcing
2) Advantage of multiple sourcing
Protect firms during shortages, strikes etc.
Providing backup sources of supply
e.g. General Motors was reported to be the first US auto maker to close a
factory because of a short supply of a Japan-made part.
(Alternatives )
16. Strategic issues in Sourcing
e) Vendor location
JIT
Hyundai motor India limited
f) Quality sensitive vendor
Supply of goods as per quality
Quality inspection before delivery
Small and continue supply
Zero defect delivery
g) Creating and maintaining vendor relationship
17. Vendor Location
Important for achievement of supply chain
Management
JIT VMI era
JIT possible with three ways
close location
Responsive manufacturing system tight material
transportation.
18. Major Advantage of Vendor Location
Close coordination between vendor and firm
because of close geographical location.
Objectives of JIT can easily achieved.
Lower cost of transportation.
Shorter lead time lower inventory cost.
Emergency order can fulfilled fastly
Disputes are more easily resolved
19. Quality Sensitive Vendor
Traditionally quality limited to blueprint and design
Today focus on TQM
Quality specification, correct document right quantity,
right time, right amount, reliable manner.
Quality inspection tools before delivery
Continuous supply zero defects
20. Creating and Maintaining Vendor
Relationship
Firm has increasingly sought more in supply relationship
because of rapid change
Benefit less production scheduling logistics and product
modification.at
VRM include long term contractual relation.
Collaborative effort for productivity improvement
Vendor selection on past performance and response
21. Creating and Maintaining Vendor
Relationship
Managerial skill and technology transferring
Continuous performance measurement of vendors
Shared cost reduction drive
22. Vendor Risk Portfolio
This strategic framework based on two factor
1) financial assessment
It measure profit impact of contribution of given
vendors(unit cost, quality inspection cost, inventory
carrying cost etc.)
23. 2) Supply Risk Associated
Measurement of risk supply associated with each
vendors.
1) Strategic vendors
(crucial and scarcity, balance power situation)
2) Bottleneck vendors
(Acquired from one supplier otherwise unreliable)
Supplier was dominated
25. Vender Selection Process
a) Play an important role in the firm success
b) Provide a competitive advantage in
c) marketplace
d) Potential vendor selection is important for
e) organization
26. Vendor Selection Process
Business Need Assessment
A need assessment is a systematic process for
determining and addressing needs or gap
between current condition and desired conditions
or wants.
Every business has its strength and weakness.
When you complete business need assessment
you able to identify areas for growth and
improvement, develop an action plan, and find
resources to help you take your business to the
next level.
27. Vendor Selection Process
b Source Discovery
After careful business need assessment next step
is discovery or identification of potential vender
who supply a particular product, items or
services.
Some information sources that helps supply chain.
Vendor websites
Vendor database
Supplier catalogs
Phone directories
28. Vendor Selection Process
Business Proposal Invitation
A business proposal is a written offer from a seller to a prospective buyer.
Business proposals are often a key step in the complex sales process—i.e.,
whenever a buyer considers more than price in a purchase. Thereafter, supply
chain professionals should send invitation to all shortlisted potential vender with
a request to submit their business proposal. Invitation for business offer letter of
the firm contain an
introduction of firm, along with future objectives
29. Vendor Selection Process
and growth plan, apart from the commercial
aspects and specification of requirement in
terms of quality and quantity.
30. Vendor Selection Process
d. Evaluation and Negotiation
Comprehensive knowledge and understanding
of the market
Present Client base
Present business volume
Technological experience
Production capacity and facility
31. Vendor Selection Process
Financial position
Quality sensitive
Negotiation
Goal and objective of negotiation
Must have authority, expertise, and
knowledge
Availability of all information
Sound preparation for success of negotiation
32. Vendor Selection Process
e. Selection of vendor
One or more potential vendor are selected
through comprehensive evaluation and selection
process.
Before you begin to gather data or perform
interviews, assemble a team of people who have a
vested interest in this particular vendor
selection process. The first task that the vendor
selection team needs accomplish is to define, in
writing, the product, material or service that you
are searching for a vendor.
33. Vender Rating
A vendor is any person or company that sells goods or
services to someone else in the economic production
chain.
Vendor rating is the result of a formal vendor evaluation
system.
Vendors are given standing, status, or title according to
their attainment of some level of performance, such as
delivery, lead time, quality, price, or some combination of
variables.
34. Vender Rating
It may take the form of hierarchical ranking from poor to
excellent.
For some firms, the vendor rating may come in the form
of some sort of award system or as some variation of
certification.
Most firms want vendors that will produce all of the
products and services defect-free and deliver them just in
time.
35. Vender Rating
Benefits of vendor rating
Providing feedback from all areas in one package.
Facilitating better communication with vendors.
Providing overall evaluation of the vendor base as its
performance.
Requiring specific action to correct identified performance
weakness.
36. Vender Rating
Benefits of vendor rating
Establishing continuous review standards for venders, thus
ensuring continuous improvement of vendor performance.
Building vendor partnership, especially with vendors having
strategic links.
Developing a performance based culture.
37. 7 C’s evaluation of vendors
Comprehensive approach may consist of following 7 C’s
framework.
1) Competency
2) Capacity
3) Commitment
38. 7 C’s evaluation of vendors
4) Control
5) Cash resources
6) Cost
7) Consistency
39. How vendors are rated
Vendors are rated on the basis of various
characteristics.
Pricing,
Quality,
Timely delivery,
Service, or
Some combination of variables.
40. How vendors are rated
Pricing Factors
Competitive pricing ,
Price stability,
Price accuracy,
Advance notice of price changes, &
Billing .
41. How vendors are rated
Quality Factors
Compliance with purchase order,
Reliability ,
Support ,
Warranty, &
State of the art product or service.
42. How vendors are rated
Delivery Factors
Time,
Quantity,
Lead time,
Packaging,
Documentation, &
Emergency delivery .
43. How vendors are rated
Service Factors
Information sharing ,
Technical support services,
Extending emerging support, &
Providing problem resolution.
44. Methods of Vendor Rating
(a) Categorical Plan:
(b) Weighted Point Plan:
(c) Cost Ratio Method:
45. Categorical Plan
Manager from concerned department prepare list of
factors important from their views.
Each of major vendor is evaluated against each
evaluator’s list of factors evaluation is done in the term of
Good
Satisfactory
Poor
46. Weighted Point Plan
The buyer decides on
Factor important for evaluation,
Weightages for each factor,
The vendor performance in respect of each factor.
For example, of the attributes are as follows:
Quality — 60%
Delivery — 25%
Price — 15%
48. Cost Ratio Method
The cost ratios are ascertained for the different rating
variables such as quality, price, timely delivery etc.
The cost ratio is calculated in percentage on the basis of
total individual cost and total value of purchase.
Example
The total delivery cost is Rs5000 and the total purchases
are Rs 1,00,000 then delivery cost ratio will be
5,000 / 1,00,000 x 100 = 10%
49. Vendor Development
Vendor assessing process
High degree of commitment in term resources
More worthy then company invest on development
Proactive approach of development
Knowledge sharing process
Supplier can not only improve his capability but the supplier of supplier
performance can be improved
50. Summary
Cross functional process for procurement
Success in the competitive market(develop supply chain)
Integration of vendor capabilities with org process
Vendor involvement in product development
Long term relationship with strategic vendor
51. Summary
Vendor base rationalization
Vendor location (jit is possible with zero inventory cost)
Vendor portfolio
Vendor contribution on financial results
Supply risk associated with each vendor
52. Summary
Vendor selection process
Vendor rating (excellent to poor)
Seven C’s of vendor is evaluated
Vendor development
Managerial and professional skill of vendor is developed