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The document describes the female reproductive system. It details the stages of oogenesis and maturation of ovarian follicles from primordial to mature Graafian follicle. It also describes the histological features of the ovary including the cortex containing ovarian follicles and medulla. The fallopian tube is lined by ciliated and secretory epithelial cells and contains folds. The vagina has an inner mucous membrane and outer layers including a muscular layer.
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Human reproduction By - Kalpana Wagh [MSc,BEd.]
Puberty is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood that usually begins between ages 8-14 for girls and 9-13 for boys. During puberty, the body undergoes many changes due to the maturation of the primary sex organs or gonads. In females, this includes development of the ovaries and uterus, and the monthly menstrual cycle. In males, changes include development of the testes and other reproductive structures. Puberty concludes with menarche in females and the ability to reproduce in both sexes.
Reproductive physiology of pregnancy
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The document provides information about the process of pregnancy from fertilization through birth in 3 sentences:
Fertilization occurs when the genetic material from a sperm and egg merge in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote which undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus, developing into an embryo and fetus over 38 weeks until birth. The placenta forms and secretes hormones like progesterone, estrogen, hCG, and others to support the pregnancy and development of the fetus, while the fetus develops all its major organ systems, tripling in size by the third trimester before birth. Maternal changes include support of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy and taking over hormone production by the placenta, enlargFemale reproductive system
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the structure and functions of the ovaries, including oogenesis and folliculogenesis. It explains how follicles develop from primordial to tertiary stages and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, and estrogens in follicle development and ovulation. After ovulation, it describes corpus luteum formation and the roles of the corpus luteum in pregnancy or menstruation. It also briefly discusses atresia, the degeneration of ovarian follicles.
Ovarian follicles
This is a presentation of ovarian follicles made by mohamed alzayat - mansoura faculty of medicine.
Hopefully it would help you.
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The female reproductive system produces eggs and provides an environment for fertilization and embryo development. The ovaries contain primordial follicles which mature through various stages in response to hormones. Most follicles undergo atresia, while one becomes dominant and ovulates monthly. The released egg is transported by the uterine tubes to the uterus. If fertilized, it implants and the placenta develops to support fetal growth. The endometrium thickens monthly under hormonal control but is shed as menstruation if implantation does not occur.
Ovarian follicles; Histology - March 2015
This document discusses the structure and development of ovarian follicles. It begins by describing the basic components of follicles: the oocyte, granulosa cells, and theca layers. It then explains the development of follicles from primordial to Graafian stage, including the roles of FSH and LH. Finally, it discusses ovulation and the formation and function of the corpus luteum, as well as clinical significance regarding cysts and ultrasound imaging of follicles.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia. The ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The fallopian tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The uterus provides support and nourishment for the developing fetus. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and childbirth. The breasts produce milk for infant nourishment. Together, these organs enable egg production, fertilization, gestation, and nursing of offspring.
Oogenesis
Oogenesis is the process by which ova or egg cells are formed in the ovaries. It involves three main phases: 1) the multiplication phase where primordial germ cells undergo mitosis to form oogonia, 2) the growth phase where the oocytes increase in size through protein and RNA synthesis, and 3) the maturation phase where the oocytes undergo the first meiotic division to form secondary oocytes, followed by ovulation and the second meiotic division after fertilization to form the ovum. Key events include cytoplasmic growth through organelle proliferation and yolk deposition, formation of the follicle surrounding the oocyte, and reduction of the chromosome number through meiosis.
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Human reproduction By - Kalpana Wagh [MSc,BEd.]
Puberty is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood that usually begins between ages 8-14 for girls and 9-13 for boys. During puberty, the body undergoes many changes due to the maturation of the primary sex organs or gonads. In females, this includes development of the ovaries and uterus, and the monthly menstrual cycle. In males, changes include development of the testes and other reproductive structures. Puberty concludes with menarche in females and the ability to reproduce in both sexes.
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The document provides information about the process of pregnancy from fertilization through birth in 3 sentences:
Fertilization occurs when the genetic material from a sperm and egg merge in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote which undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus, developing into an embryo and fetus over 38 weeks until birth. The placenta forms and secretes hormones like progesterone, estrogen, hCG, and others to support the pregnancy and development of the fetus, while the fetus develops all its major organ systems, tripling in size by the third trimester before birth. Maternal changes include support of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy and taking over hormone production by the placenta, enlargFemale reproductive system
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the structure and functions of the ovaries, including oogenesis and folliculogenesis. It explains how follicles develop from primordial to tertiary stages and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, and estrogens in follicle development and ovulation. After ovulation, it describes corpus luteum formation and the roles of the corpus luteum in pregnancy or menstruation. It also briefly discusses atresia, the degeneration of ovarian follicles.
Ovarian follicles
This is a presentation of ovarian follicles made by mohamed alzayat - mansoura faculty of medicine.
Hopefully it would help you.
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The female reproductive system produces eggs and provides an environment for fertilization and embryo development. The ovaries contain primordial follicles which mature through various stages in response to hormones. Most follicles undergo atresia, while one becomes dominant and ovulates monthly. The released egg is transported by the uterine tubes to the uterus. If fertilized, it implants and the placenta develops to support fetal growth. The endometrium thickens monthly under hormonal control but is shed as menstruation if implantation does not occur.
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This document discusses the structure and development of ovarian follicles. It begins by describing the basic components of follicles: the oocyte, granulosa cells, and theca layers. It then explains the development of follicles from primordial to Graafian stage, including the roles of FSH and LH. Finally, it discusses ovulation and the formation and function of the corpus luteum, as well as clinical significance regarding cysts and ultrasound imaging of follicles.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia. The ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The fallopian tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The uterus provides support and nourishment for the developing fetus. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and childbirth. The breasts produce milk for infant nourishment. Together, these organs enable egg production, fertilization, gestation, and nursing of offspring.
Oogenesis
Oogenesis is the process by which ova or egg cells are formed in the ovaries. It involves three main phases: 1) the multiplication phase where primordial germ cells undergo mitosis to form oogonia, 2) the growth phase where the oocytes increase in size through protein and RNA synthesis, and 3) the maturation phase where the oocytes undergo the first meiotic division to form secondary oocytes, followed by ovulation and the second meiotic division after fertilization to form the ovum. Key events include cytoplasmic growth through organelle proliferation and yolk deposition, formation of the follicle surrounding the oocyte, and reduction of the chromosome number through meiosis.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. It begins at puberty and takes approximately 74 days to complete. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the transformation of spermatogonia stem cells through meiosis into mature sperm. Sertoli cells provide nourishment and structural support during spermatogenesis. Hormones such as testosterone and FSH control spermatogenesis. Abnormalities in spermatogenesis can lead to male infertility.
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The endocrine system produces hormones that control body functions and regulate metabolism, growth, development, tissue function, and mood. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and operate via feedback mechanisms. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, gonads, and thymus. Endocrine disorders can result from too much or too little of a hormone and may require medication or hormone replacement therapy.
Female reproductive system
This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
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The female reproductive cycle occurs over approximately 28 days and involves changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland. Each cycle typically produces one egg and results in menstruation if fertilization does not occur. The four main phases are: 1) follicle development stimulated by FSH; 2) estrogen production under FSH influence; 3) LH surge causing ovulation; and 4) corpus luteum formation after ovulation producing progesterone to prepare the uterus if pregnancy occurs.
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The document discusses several topics related to human reproductive cycles:
1. The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular and luteal phases, culminating in ovulation in the middle. The corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase and secretes hormones to prepare the uterus.
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The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of the ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how the ovum is released from the ovary and moves to the fallopian tubes, while sperm are ejaculated and undergo changes to be able to penetrate the ovum. Fertilization occurs if a sperm fuses with the ovum, and the zygote then moves to the uterus and undergoes cell division. It implants in the endometrium, forming the placenta and other structures to facilitate nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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This document discusses the process of fertilization in three parts:
1) It describes the steps of fertilization, including capacitation, contact, acrosome reaction, fusion of sperm and egg, and activation of the ovum.
2) It explains the differences between external fertilization, which occurs outside the body, and internal fertilization, which occurs inside the body.
3) It outlines the process after sperm enters the female reproductive tract, including the pronuclei fusing to form a zygote within 20 hours of fertilization.
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The major organs of the female reproductive system include the breasts, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovum develops in the ovaries and is released into the fallopian tubes where it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization occurs, the embryo implants in the uterus and develops over approximately 40 weeks of gestation before being delivered in three stages: dilation of the cervix, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta.
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The female reproductive system produces gametes and supports embryo development. The ovaries contain developing eggs and produce hormones. During each menstrual cycle, one egg is released from an ovarian follicle during ovulation. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus, where development occurs. The placenta forms to support the growing fetus by exchanging nutrients and waste. Childbirth involves dilation of the cervix and expulsion of the fetus and placenta. The mammary glands produce milk during lactation to nourish a newborn.
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Menstruation is a land mark in female life cycle and Ovulation is an essential part for having conception.
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This document provides a histological overview of the female reproductive system. It describes the main tissues and structures, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands. It details the layers of the uterus and changes that occur in the endometrium over the menstrual cycle. It also summarizes the types of ovarian follicles from primordial to mature follicles, and the formation and function of the corpus luteum. Following ovulation, the formation of the placenta allows for nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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The menstrual cycle typically occurs every 28 days and has 4 phases regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. The follicular phase begins with low estrogen and involves follicle development stimulated by FSH and LH. Ovulation occurs around day 14 when an egg is released from the follicle. In the luteal phase, the empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum and secretes estrogen and progesterone to thicken the uterine lining. If no embryo implants, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, shedding the lining. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to bleeding outside of normal parameters for duration, flow, or frequency.
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The female reproductive system produces a finite number of eggs during fetal development. During puberty, hormones cause follicles in the ovaries to mature and release eggs, with only a small number reaching maturity. If an egg is fertilized, it develops in the uterus, whose lining changes each month in preparation. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degrades and menstruation occurs.
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This document summarizes oogenesis and the histology of the ovary. It describes the stages of oogenesis from primordial follicle to mature ovum. It also details the histological structures of the ovary including the cortex, medulla, and the stages of follicle development from primordial to graafian follicle. Finally, it provides an overview of the histology of other female reproductive structures like the uterine tube, uterus, cervix, and placenta.
Menstrual cycle
This document provides information about the menstrual cycle. It defines the menstrual cycle as the normal shedding of the endometrium in the form of bleeding through the cervix and vagina, occurring in a recurring pattern over approximately 28 days in reproductive-age females. The cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterine walls stimulated by hormones. It describes the three phases - proliferative, secretory, and menstrual. Key events like ovulation, changes in cervical mucus and body temperature, and the roles of hormones like estrogen and progesterone are also summarized.
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The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries contain primordial follicles which develop into primary, secondary, and mature follicles. Mature follicles contain a large oocyte and if fertilized form the corpus luteum which secretes hormones to support early pregnancy. The oviducts contain ciliated cells that push the egg towards the uterus. The uterus has three layers - endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium thickens in preparation for implantation during pregnancy. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
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2. The uterus has an outer serous layer, middle muscular layer, and inner mucous membrane called the endometrium.
3. The endometrium undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle in its functional layer which regenerates the lining.
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The male reproductive system produces and delivers sperm. The testes produce sperm in the seminiferous tubules which then travel through the epididymis, vas deferens and urethra. During ejaculation, sperm mix with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands to form semen. The female reproductive system prepares for possible pregnancy each month by releasing an egg. If fertilized, the uterus nourishes the embryo through gestation and birth. The menstrual and ovarian cycles coordinate to release an egg and prepare the uterus.
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The female reproductive system contains internal organs like the ovaries, oviducts, uterus and vagina. The ovaries contain ovarian follicles at various stages of development that produce eggs and hormones. As follicles develop from primordial to secondary and mature Graafian stages, they are surrounded by layers of follicular cells. The mature Graafian follicle contains a secondary oocyte and, if fertilized, forms the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans.
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The document provides an overview of the human reproductive system and process of reproduction. It describes the male and female reproductive cells and systems, including the testes, ovaries, uterus and other organs. It explains fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm join in the fallopian tubes. Pregnancy involves development of the embryo and fetus over 9 months as it is nourished through the placenta. Labor concludes pregnancy in three phases as contractions widen the birth canal for delivery of the baby.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. It begins at puberty and takes approximately 74 days to complete. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the transformation of spermatogonia stem cells through meiosis into mature sperm. Sertoli cells provide nourishment and structural support during spermatogenesis. Hormones such as testosterone and FSH control spermatogenesis. Abnormalities in spermatogenesis can lead to male infertility.
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The endocrine system produces hormones that control body functions and regulate metabolism, growth, development, tissue function, and mood. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and operate via feedback mechanisms. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, gonads, and thymus. Endocrine disorders can result from too much or too little of a hormone and may require medication or hormone replacement therapy.
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This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
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This document summarizes the female reproductive cycle. It describes the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle, which include hormonal changes and cyclical changes in the breasts and cervix. The reproductive cycle has four phases - menstrual, pre-ovulatory, ovulatory, and post-ovulatory. During the menstrual phase, the endometrium is shed. In the pre-ovulatory phase, a dominant follicle develops under rising estrogen levels. Ovulation occurs when the dominant follicle ruptures around day 14. In the post-ovulatory phase, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. The cycle repeats if implantation does not occur.
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The female reproductive cycle occurs over approximately 28 days and involves changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland. Each cycle typically produces one egg and results in menstruation if fertilization does not occur. The four main phases are: 1) follicle development stimulated by FSH; 2) estrogen production under FSH influence; 3) LH surge causing ovulation; and 4) corpus luteum formation after ovulation producing progesterone to prepare the uterus if pregnancy occurs.
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The document discusses several topics related to human reproductive cycles:
1. The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular and luteal phases, culminating in ovulation in the middle. The corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase and secretes hormones to prepare the uterus.
2. The menstrual cycle is controlled by ovarian hormones and has proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phases that regulate the endometrium.
3. Placentation begins with implantation and involves the formation of chorionic villi from the embryo and decidua from the endometrium to facilitate nutrient/waste exchange between mother and fetus without blood mixing. The placenta secretes important hormones throughout pregnancy.
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The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of the ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how the ovum is released from the ovary and moves to the fallopian tubes, while sperm are ejaculated and undergo changes to be able to penetrate the ovum. Fertilization occurs if a sperm fuses with the ovum, and the zygote then moves to the uterus and undergoes cell division. It implants in the endometrium, forming the placenta and other structures to facilitate nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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This document discusses the process of fertilization in three parts:
1) It describes the steps of fertilization, including capacitation, contact, acrosome reaction, fusion of sperm and egg, and activation of the ovum.
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The major organs of the female reproductive system include the breasts, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovum develops in the ovaries and is released into the fallopian tubes where it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization occurs, the embryo implants in the uterus and develops over approximately 40 weeks of gestation before being delivered in three stages: dilation of the cervix, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta.
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The female reproductive system produces gametes and supports embryo development. The ovaries contain developing eggs and produce hormones. During each menstrual cycle, one egg is released from an ovarian follicle during ovulation. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus, where development occurs. The placenta forms to support the growing fetus by exchanging nutrients and waste. Childbirth involves dilation of the cervix and expulsion of the fetus and placenta. The mammary glands produce milk during lactation to nourish a newborn.
Menstruation and Ovulation
Menstruation is a land mark in female life cycle and Ovulation is an essential part for having conception.
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This document provides a histological overview of the female reproductive system. It describes the main tissues and structures, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and mammary glands. It details the layers of the uterus and changes that occur in the endometrium over the menstrual cycle. It also summarizes the types of ovarian follicles from primordial to mature follicles, and the formation and function of the corpus luteum. Following ovulation, the formation of the placenta allows for nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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The menstrual cycle typically occurs every 28 days and has 4 phases regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. The follicular phase begins with low estrogen and involves follicle development stimulated by FSH and LH. Ovulation occurs around day 14 when an egg is released from the follicle. In the luteal phase, the empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum and secretes estrogen and progesterone to thicken the uterine lining. If no embryo implants, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins, shedding the lining. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to bleeding outside of normal parameters for duration, flow, or frequency.
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The female reproductive system produces a finite number of eggs during fetal development. During puberty, hormones cause follicles in the ovaries to mature and release eggs, with only a small number reaching maturity. If an egg is fertilized, it develops in the uterus, whose lining changes each month in preparation. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degrades and menstruation occurs.
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This document summarizes oogenesis and the histology of the ovary. It describes the stages of oogenesis from primordial follicle to mature ovum. It also details the histological structures of the ovary including the cortex, medulla, and the stages of follicle development from primordial to graafian follicle. Finally, it provides an overview of the histology of other female reproductive structures like the uterine tube, uterus, cervix, and placenta.
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This document provides information about the menstrual cycle. It defines the menstrual cycle as the normal shedding of the endometrium in the form of bleeding through the cervix and vagina, occurring in a recurring pattern over approximately 28 days in reproductive-age females. The cycle involves changes in the ovaries and uterine walls stimulated by hormones. It describes the three phases - proliferative, secretory, and menstrual. Key events like ovulation, changes in cervical mucus and body temperature, and the roles of hormones like estrogen and progesterone are also summarized.
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The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries contain primordial follicles which develop into primary, secondary, and mature follicles. Mature follicles contain a large oocyte and if fertilized form the corpus luteum which secretes hormones to support early pregnancy. The oviducts contain ciliated cells that push the egg towards the uterus. The uterus has three layers - endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium thickens in preparation for implantation during pregnancy. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
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The female reproductive system contains internal organs like the ovaries, oviducts, uterus and vagina. The ovaries contain ovarian follicles at various stages of development that produce eggs and hormones. As follicles develop from primordial to secondary and mature Graafian stages, they are surrounded by layers of follicular cells. The mature Graafian follicle contains a secondary oocyte and, if fertilized, forms the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans.
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The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including its major organs and their functions. It describes how the ovaries and uterus change during puberty and the menstrual cycle. It also details the external female genitalia, such as the labia, clitoris, and breasts. The reproductive system's primary functions are to produce eggs and sex hormones, support embryo development, and allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is the process of forming gametes (eggs and sperm) from gonads through meiosis. In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through spermatocytogenesis, meiosis I and II, and spermiogenesis. In females, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries through follicular development, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Infertility can result from problems with gametogenesis like inflammation of the testes or failure of the ovaries to ovulate, as well as issues with the fallopian tubes, cervix, or uterus.
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Female Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology - B.Pharm & Pharm.D
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Female reproductive system1 copy
The document describes the female reproductive system. It details the stages of oogenesis and maturation of ovarian follicles from primordial to mature Graafian follicle. It also describes the histological features of the ovary, which is surrounded by a germinal epithelium and tunica albuginea and contains primordial follicles in the cortex. Upon maturation, follicles develop an antrum and the cumulus oophorus surrounds the ovum. After ovulation, the follicular cells form the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy. The fallopian tubes are lined with ciliated and secretory epithelial cells and transport the ovum. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squ
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Female reproductive system1 copy
- 1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARY FALLOPIAN TUBE VAGINA Prof.J.Anbalagan, anbuamu@rediffmail.com
- 3. OOGENESIS • OOGONIUM • PRIMARY OOCYTE – 44+XX • SECONDARY OOCYTE – 22+X, 1 POLAR BODY • MATURE OVUM – 22+X, 3 POLAR BODY Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 4. OVARY • Surrounded by simple cuboidal cells – Germinal epithelium • Deeper – Tunica albuginea Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 5. OVARY• Cortex – Ovarian follicles • at different stages of maturations – Stroma • with spindle shaped cells • Medulla – Loose connective tissue with elastic fibers – Blood vessels Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 6. Stages of maturation • Primordial follicle • Primary follicle • Secondary follicle • Antral follicle • Mature follicle (Graffian follicle) Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 7. PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE • Primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac • Arranged as primordial follicles • 5th IUL– 6 million primordial follicles • At birth- 2 million follicles • Puberty- 40,000 follicles • 400 follicles mature in reproductive cycle Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 8. Growth of ovarian follicles • PRIMARY FOLLICLES – Oocyte with prominent nucleus and nucleolus – Zona pellucida appears (glycoprotein) – Surrounded by cuboid/columnar granulose cells Zona pellucida Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 9. Secondary follicle • Increase in Oocyte size • Granulosa cells becomes multilayered • Surrounded by stromal cells- – Theca interna – Theca externa Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 10. Antral follicle • Appearance of spaces between granulosa cells • Fluid accumulation • Few cell adhere to ovum- – cumulus oophorus Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 11. Mature Graafian follicle • Fluid amount increases • Ovum pushed to one side • Surrounded by cumulus oophorus • External follicle surrounded by theca interna and theca externa • Increased intra follicular pressure • Follicle ruptures • Ovulation • Secondary oocyte in prophase stage Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 13. Corpus luteum • After ovulation • Follicular cells collapses • Invaded by blood vessels • Follicular cells become polyhedral • Accumulates lipid vacuoles, yellow pigments • Corpus luteum of menstruation- 10-12 days • Corpus luteum of pregnancy- 4 months • Corpus luteum albican- after involution Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 15. Atretic follicles • Number of follicles undergoes maturation • One succeeds • Remaining degenerates • Atretic stage occurs in all stages of maturation • Ovum dies and fibrous tissue grows into the follicle Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 17. FALLOPIAN TUBE • Mucous membrane thrown into folds • Each fold shows core of lamina propria • Folds shows primary, secondary and tertiary branches Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 18. • Lined by columnar epithelium • Ciliated • non ciliated cells (secretory) • Muscular layer-circular + longitudinal • Serosa – highly vascular Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 19. VAGINA • Tubular organ • Mucous • muscular layer • tunica adventitia • Connective tissue (elastic fibers) and blood vessels Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 20. VAGINA • Mucous membrane – Lamina propria-dense with elastic fibers, lymphatic nodules – Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium – Superficial cells rich in glycogen • Sub mucosa with connective tissue and blood vessels • Intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 24. VAGINA Stratified non keratinized Lamina propria Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 25. • Draw a labeled diagram showing the histological features of – Ovary – Fallopian tube • Name the coverings of ovary • Discuss the functions of corpus luteum • Discuss the different stages of ovarian follicle Prof.J.Anbalagan
- 26. Prof.J.Anbalagan