This presentation discusses the importance of sun protection. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can damage skin and increase risk of skin cancer. UV rays include UVA, UVB, and UVC waves. UV exposure causes sunburns, skin aging, and is the leading cause of skin cancer. Everyone is at risk of sun damage. The presentation recommends using broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher, reapplying every 2 hours, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade. Tanning beds also increase skin cancer risk. Darker skin requires sun protection as well.

1. Sun Protection Afreen Pappa, MD JAVᾹNI Med Spa March 29, 2008 Fort Bend Teen Service League

2. Goals At the conclusion of this presentation, participants will: Understand the effect of UV rays on skin Be able to both define SPF and know the minimum recommended value for SPF Identifyrisk factors for sun damage Identify ways to reduce the risk of sun damage List things that minimize risk of sun damage

3. Why is sun protection important? What are the benefits of sunlight? What are the risks?

4. How many of you use a form of sun protection when at the: Beach Park Afterschool activities Walking the dog

5. Let’s see what you know (or don’t) 1. If you use plenty of sunscreen, you can stay in the sun as long as you'd like. A. True B. False

6. 2. Which of the following surfaces reflects ultraviolet rays? A. Snow B. Sand C. Ice D. Water E. All of the above

7. 3. You don't need to protect or cover your skin on cloudy days. True False

8. 4. Wearing white during hot weather protects you from sun damage because light-colored clothing reflects light, rather than absorbing it. True False

9. 5. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least: 5 10 15 30

10. 6. Darker lenses on sunglasses offer better protection from ultraviolet rays than do lighter sunglass lenses. True False

11. 7. Sunbathing or sun tanning once in a while won't hurt your skin. True False

12. 8. The darker your skin color, the less you need to worry about sun protection. True False

13. Physics Sunlight Total spectrum of the Electromagnetic Radiation given off by the sun Electromagnetic Radiation The full range of wavelengths that makeup light (visible and non-visible) Light waves are fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields

14. Electromagnetic Spectrum

15. Ultraviolet Rays Band of sun rays 5% of sunlight that reaches the earth Reflects off of water, snow, sand and ice Three types UVA UVB UVC

16. UVA 90% reaches the earth on a cloudy day Not blocked by window glass Penetrates light clothing Penetrates deeper into the skin Has more long-term effects than UVB

17. UVB “B” for burn Cloud cover provides some protection Intensity varies Time of day Season Altitude Weather

18. UVC Most rays are absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere More dangerous than UVA and UVB Causes serious damage to DNA

19. How does Ultraviolet Radiation affect the skin? Sunburns -- the most common and acute response Photoaging – the leading cause of skin aging; damage begins as early as in one’s 20’s Cancer – ultraviolet radiation is a known carcinogen (cancer causing agent) The effect is cumulative; the more time spent unprotected in the sun over your lifetime, the greater the risks.

20. Melanin Skin’s protective sun filter Natural pigment Acts as a shield against the sun’s ultraviolet rays Greater in populations that live in area with greater sun intensity (Africa, Latin America, India)

21. Skin type

24. Skin Cancer The most common form of cancer in the US 1 million new cases are diagnosed yearly 1 in 5 Americans and 1 in 3 Caucasians will develop skin cancer in their lifetime >90% of all skin cancers are caused by sun exposure The risk for skin cancer doubles if a person has had 5 or more sunburns

25. Tanning Beds Newer high pressure sun lamps can emit UVR in doses 15 times that of the sun Occasional use of tanning beds almost triples the chance of developing melanoma – the deadliest form of skin cancer; the use of tanning beds before the age of 35 increases the risk for melanoma by 75% People who use tanning beds are 2.5 times more likely to develop squamous cell cancer and 1.5 times more likely to develop basal cell cancer On an average day, more than 1 million people in the US tan in tanning salons; 70% are Caucasian women ages 16-49.

26. Who is at risk? Everyone

27. EVERYONe

28. SPF -- Sun Protection Factor A rating system developed by the FDA to describe the level of sun protection provided by a sunscreen For example: an SPF of 30 allows an individual to stay out in the sun 30 times as long as without the sunscreen before developing the same reddening of the skin.

29. Sunscreen SPF 15 blocks approximately 93 percent of all incoming ultraviolet rays SPF 30 blocks 97 percent SPF 50 blocks 99 percent AAD and the Skin Cancer Foundation recommend a minimum SPF of 15 Reapply every 2 hours (even on cloudy days), especially after swimming or sweating

30. Sunscreen Recommendations Broad spectrum providing protection from UVA UVB Apply 30 minutes before sun exposure Reapply every 2 hours Reapply immediately after swimming, toweling off or excess sweating Use 1 ounce each time

31. Sunscreens Physical Made of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide Protect against UVA and UVB Prevent rays from being absorbed Chemical Mexoryl protects against UVA and UVB Avobenzoneor Oxybenzone protect against UVA OR UVB Absorb rays before they can do damage

33. Sunscreens Cream formulations Contribute to destruction of coral reefs due to chemicals Mineral based sun protection (Colorescience® Sunforgettable) do not have chemicals that affect the environment

34. Skin Cancer Foundation Recommends Window film Sunscreens with UVA and UVB protection Sunglasses with UVA and UVB protection Self tanners Sun protective clothing and fabric Makeup, lip balm and moisturizers with a sunscreen Umbrellas For more information and to learn more about the “Go With Your Own Glow” campaign go to www.skincancer.org

35. Let’s see what you know 1. If you use plenty of sunscreen, you can stay in the sun as long as you'd like. False

36. 2. Which of the following surfaces reflects ultraviolet rays? All of the above

37. 3. You don't need to protect or cover your skin on cloudy days. False

38. 4. Wearing white during hot weather protects you from sun damage because light-colored clothing reflects light, rather than absorbing it. False

39. 5. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least: 15

40. 6. Darker lenses on sunglasses offer better protection from ultraviolet rays than do lighter sunglass lenses. False

41. 7. Sunbathing or sun tanning once in a while won't hurt your skin. False

42. 8. The darker your skin color, the less you need to worry about sun protection. False

43. Resources www.skincancer.org www.aad.org www.