summary matrix of TEFL I consists of method, approach and technique which can be applied in teaching as foreign language.

1. Arif Ichwan Udin
Universitas PGRI Semarang
*

2. *
No
Method/
Approach
Language/Culture Language Learning
Language
Teaching
1 Grammar
Translation
Literacy language
Culture: literature and
fine arts
Exercise mental
muscle
Have students
translate from
target
language (TL)
texts to native
language
2 Direct
Method
Everyday spoken
language
Culture: history,
geography, everyday life
of TL speakers
Associate meaning
with TL directly
Use spoken
language in
situation with
no native-
language
translation

3. No
Method/
Approach
Language/Culture Language Learning Language Teaching
3 Audio-
Lingual
Method
Sentence and sound
patterns
Overcome native
language habits.
From new TL habits
Conduct oral/aural
drills and pattern
practice
4 Cognitive
Code
Approach
Grammar rules From and text
hypotheses to
discover and acquire
TL rules
Do inductive/
deductive grammar
exercise
5 Silent
Way
Unique
spirit/melody
Develop inner
criteria for
correctness by
becoming aware of
how the TL works
Remain silent in
order to subordinate
teaching to learning.
Focus student
attention; provide
meaningful practice

4. No
Method/
Approach
Language/
Culture
Language Learning
Language
Teaching
6 Desuggesto
pedia
Whole,
meaningful
texts;
vocabulary
emphasized
Overcome psychological
barriers to learning
Desuggest
limitations; teach
lengthy dialogs
through musical
accompaniment,
playful practice,
and the arts
7 Community
Language
Learning
Students
generated
Learn nondefensively as
whole persons, following
developmental stages
Include the
elements of
security,
attention,
aggression,
reflection,
retention,
discrimination

5. No
Method/
Approach
Language/
Culture
Language
Learning
Language
Teaching
8
Comprehension
Approach:
Natural
Approach, the
Learnable, and
Total Physical
Response
Vehicle for
communicating
meaning;
vocabulary
emphasized
Listen; associate
meaning with TL
Delay speaking
until students are
ready; make
meaning clear
through actions
and visuals
9
Communicative
Language
Teaching
Communicative
competence
Notions/functions
Authentic
discourse
Interact with
others in the TL;
negotiate
meaning
Use information
gaps, role play,
games

6. No
Method/
Approach
Language/
Culture
Language Learning
Language
Teaching
10
Content-
based, Task
based, and
Participatory
Approaches
Medium for
doing/ learning
Attend to what is
being communicated
not the language
itself, except when
form-focused
Engage students in
learning other
subject matter,
task, or in
problem-solving
around issues in
their lives
11
Learning
Strategy
Training,
Cooperative
Learning,
and Multiple
Intelligences
Learn how to learn Teach listening
strategies,
cooperation; use a
variety of
activities that
appeal to different
intelligences

7. No
Method/
Approach
Language/
Culture
Language Learning
Language
Teaching
12 Scientific
Approach
(2013
Curriculum)
Focused in using
the language as
a means of
communication
to express ideas
and transfer
knowledge
Through practices,
students are taught
to get accustomed to
write texts
systematically,
logically, and
effectively
All the subject
matter are to be
taught using
science-based
approach through
observing,
questioning,
associating,
experimenting,
and networking

8. *
*What does it mean by grammar being taught deductively?
The students are given the grammar rules and examples, are told
to memorize them, and then are asked to apply the rules to other
examples. For example:
Past tense => Subject + Past Verb + Object
James came late yesterday.
Selena went to market last night.
*What does it mean by grammar being taught inductively?
The students are presented with the examples and they figure out
the rule or generalization from the examples. For example:
I will go to Japan next year.
Students generalize with:
Future Tense => Subject + will + Present Verb + Object

9. **Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and
Principles in Language Teaching. New York:
Oxford University Press.
*TEFLIN. 2014. Recent Issues in English
Language Education Challenges and Directions.
Solo: UNS Press.