Sulfonyl ureas arjumand
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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic drugs that are commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus. They work by binding to and closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells, which increases insulin secretion. The main types are first generation drugs like tolbutamide and second generation drugs like glimepiride. Side effects include low blood sugar, weight gain, and skin reactions. Drug interactions can increase or decrease the activity of sulfonylureas.
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![PRESENTED BY:
ARJUMAND NAVEERA
PHARMD [PB].
SULTAN –UL-ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Guided by:
Dr. S P Srinivas Nayak, Assistant Professor, SUCP, Hyd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sulfonylureasarjumand-210305075116/85/Sulfonyl-ureas-arjumand-1-320.jpg)
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Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic drugs that enhance insulin secretion from the pancreas. They work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, which leads to insulin release. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain. Examples include glibenclamide, glipizide, and glimepiride. Choice of sulfonylurea depends on factors like duration of action, renal function, and patient age. They are generally effective treatments for type 2 diabetes but require caution in elderly patients or those with kidney/liver problems.
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs - Sulphonylureas
1) Oral hypoglycemic drugs are classified into several categories including sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha glucosidase inhibitors.
2) Sulphonylureas work by binding to receptors on pancreatic beta cells, reducing potassium channel conductance, enhancing calcium influx, and stimulating insulin secretion.
3) Potential drug interactions with sulphonylureas include those that increase their effects through plasma protein displacement or decreased metabolism, and those that decrease their effects through increased metabolism or antagonistic action.
Insulin & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.
In this PPTs you will get in depth information about insulin and the first class of oral hypoglycemic agents , Sulfonylurea.
useful for GPAT and Third Year B.Pharm students.
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs are used to treat type 2 diabetes and work by lowering blood glucose levels. There are 5 classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs currently used: sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Sulfonylureas like glipizide stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas. Biguanides like metformin reduce glucose production and absorption. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas both stimulate insulin secretion but meglitinides have a faster onset and shorter duration. Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone increase insulin sensitivity. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Gliclazide 30mg, 60mg Modified Release Tablets Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Gliclazide Dosage & Rx Info | Gliclazide Uses, Side Effects - Gliclazide : Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Gliclazide - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Gliclazide dose Taj pharmaceuticals Gliclazide interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Gliclazide contraindications, Gliclazide price, Gliclazide Taj Pharma oral antidiabetic Gliclazide 30mg, 60mg Modified Release Tablets PIL- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Gliclazide Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad. Patient Information Leaflets, PIL.
Oral hypoglycemic agents
introduction to oral hypoglycemic agents with description about sulphonylurea and glinides along with their MOA, indication, side effects and brand name
Oral hypoglycaemic agents dr jayesh vaghela
1) Oral hypoglycemic agents work by enhancing insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, or reducing glucose absorption. The main classes include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, amylin analogues, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and dopamine D2 receptor agonists.
2) Sulfonylureas work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels, stimulating insulin secretion. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.
3) Biguanides like metformin increase insulin sensitivity by decreasing hepatic glucose output and intestinal glucose absorption
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
This document provides a summary of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) used to treat type 2 diabetes. It classifies OHAs based on their mechanisms of action, which include enhancing insulin secretion, overcoming insulin resistance, and other miscellaneous mechanisms. For each class, it briefly describes prominent examples, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. The major classes discussed are sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones.
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Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic drugs that enhance insulin secretion from the pancreas. They work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, which leads to insulin release. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain. Examples include glibenclamide, glipizide, and glimepiride. Choice of sulfonylurea depends on factors like duration of action, renal function, and patient age. They are generally effective treatments for type 2 diabetes but require caution in elderly patients or those with kidney/liver problems.
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs - Sulphonylureas
1) Oral hypoglycemic drugs are classified into several categories including sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha glucosidase inhibitors.
2) Sulphonylureas work by binding to receptors on pancreatic beta cells, reducing potassium channel conductance, enhancing calcium influx, and stimulating insulin secretion.
3) Potential drug interactions with sulphonylureas include those that increase their effects through plasma protein displacement or decreased metabolism, and those that decrease their effects through increased metabolism or antagonistic action.
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2) Sulfonylureas work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels, stimulating insulin secretion. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.
3) Biguanides like metformin increase insulin sensitivity by decreasing hepatic glucose output and intestinal glucose absorption
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
This document provides a summary of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) used to treat type 2 diabetes. It classifies OHAs based on their mechanisms of action, which include enhancing insulin secretion, overcoming insulin resistance, and other miscellaneous mechanisms. For each class, it briefly describes prominent examples, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. The major classes discussed are sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones.
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This document discusses the management of type 2 diabetes. It outlines lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and weight loss that can help control blood glucose levels. It also discusses various classes of diabetic medications, including their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects and examples of drugs in each class. The goal of treatment is to achieve adequate glycemic control while preventing complications through a stepped care approach involving lifestyle changes and gradual escalation of medications if needed.
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be categorized into several classes based on their mechanism of action:
1) Insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas and meglitinides which bind to sulfonylurea receptors and modulate K+ ATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion.
2) Insulin sensitizers like biguanides (e.g. metformin) and thiazolidinediones which improve insulin sensitivity.
3) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose which slow carbohydrate absorption from the intestine.
4) Newer drug classes targeting incretin pathways like GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors or affecting other processes like amylin
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The document discusses various drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications. It notes that lactic acidosis is common with phenformin, rosiglitazone acts as a PPAR gamma agonist but not by increasing insulin secretion, hypokalemia can occur if insulin is given rapidly for diabetic ketoacidosis, and metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. Common side effects of thiazolidinadiones include water retention and weight gain.
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1) The classification and mechanisms of common OHAs including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and meglitinides. Sulfonylureas work by stimulating insulin secretion while biguanides increase insulin sensitivity.
2) The structure, properties, uses and mechanisms of action of sulfonylureas, the largest class of OHAs. They lower blood glucose by blocking potassium channels in beta cells.
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Oral antidiabetics
This document provides information on the classification and mechanisms of action of various oral anti-diabetic drugs. It discusses drugs that enhance insulin secretion like sulfonylureas and meglitinides, drugs that overcome insulin resistance like metformin and thiazolidinediones, and other drugs like alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. For each class, it describes the specific drugs, their mechanisms of action involving pathways and targets like K+ channels, AMPK activation and PPARγ agonism, pharmacokinetics, indications, and adverse effects.
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oral hypoglycemic drugs
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Biguanide
This document discusses biguanides and thiazolidinediones as oral hypoglycemic drugs. It describes metformin as the main biguanide currently used, noting its mechanism of action involves suppressing glucose production in the liver and enhancing glucose disposal in muscles. Pioglitazone is the only available thiazolidinedione, which works by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Potential side effects and appropriate uses are provided for both classes. Acarbose is also summarized as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that reduces glucose absorption from the gut. Clinical uses of glucagon for treating hypoglycemia are briefly mentioned.
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DM Drugs
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Sulfonyl ureas pharmacology Presented by arjumand
Sulfonylureas are most commonly used Oral Hypoglycemic drugs helpful in treating Diabetes Mellitus .
They show their effects on beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin which maintains the blood sugar level.
They are also called as ATP sensitive Potassium[K] channel blockers
Glimepiride
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This document discusses the management of type 2 diabetes. It outlines lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and weight loss that can help control blood glucose levels. It also discusses various classes of diabetic medications, including their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects and examples of drugs in each class. The goal of treatment is to achieve adequate glycemic control while preventing complications through a stepped care approach involving lifestyle changes and gradual escalation of medications if needed.
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be categorized into several classes based on their mechanism of action:
1) Insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas and meglitinides which bind to sulfonylurea receptors and modulate K+ ATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion.
2) Insulin sensitizers like biguanides (e.g. metformin) and thiazolidinediones which improve insulin sensitivity.
3) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose which slow carbohydrate absorption from the intestine.
4) Newer drug classes targeting incretin pathways like GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors or affecting other processes like amylin
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The document discusses various drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications. It notes that lactic acidosis is common with phenformin, rosiglitazone acts as a PPAR gamma agonist but not by increasing insulin secretion, hypokalemia can occur if insulin is given rapidly for diabetic ketoacidosis, and metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. Common side effects of thiazolidinadiones include water retention and weight gain.
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This document discusses oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) used to treat type 2 diabetes. It covers:
1) The classification and mechanisms of common OHAs including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and meglitinides. Sulfonylureas work by stimulating insulin secretion while biguanides increase insulin sensitivity.
2) The structure, properties, uses and mechanisms of action of sulfonylureas, the largest class of OHAs. They lower blood glucose by blocking potassium channels in beta cells.
3) Other classes of OHAs like repaglinide, a meglitinide that stimulates insulin secretion, and acar
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This document discusses oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), which are drugs taken orally to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. It describes two main types of diabetes and explains how OHAs work to increase insulin secretion, sensitivity, and decrease glucose absorption. The document classifies OHAs and discusses specific drug classes like sulfonylureas including first generation drugs like tolbutamide and second generation drugs like glipizide. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications and side effects of various OHAs.
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Pp oral hypoglycemic agents
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This document discusses various classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It describes sulfonylureas, the first class developed which work by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. First and second generation sulfonylureas are outlined, noting their mechanisms, effects, and interactions. Meglitinides are discussed as having a similar insulin-releasing action to sulfonylureas but with a more rapid onset and shorter duration. Biguanides like metformin are covered, explaining how they lower blood glucose through decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in tissues. Thiazolidinediones are also mentioned as sensitizing tissues to insulin.
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This document discusses biguanides and thiazolidinediones as oral hypoglycemic drugs. It describes metformin as the main biguanide currently used, noting its mechanism of action involves suppressing glucose production in the liver and enhancing glucose disposal in muscles. Pioglitazone is the only available thiazolidinedione, which works by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Potential side effects and appropriate uses are provided for both classes. Acarbose is also summarized as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that reduces glucose absorption from the gut. Clinical uses of glucagon for treating hypoglycemia are briefly mentioned.
Oral hypoglycemic agents with complications
The document summarizes information about diabetes mellitus and oral hypoglycemic agents. It defines diabetes as a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels according to WHO. It then provides global facts about the rising prevalence of diabetes. It describes the main types of diabetes - type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes - and their causes. It discusses the signs, complications and diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Finally, it describes various classes of oral hypoglycemic agents used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, adverse effects and contraindications.
Hypoglycemicagents
This document summarizes different types of hypoglycemic agents used to treat diabetes. It describes sulfonylureas which bind to beta cell potassium channels to increase insulin release for type 2 diabetes. It also discusses enzyme inhibitors which reduce sugar absorption and biguanides which decrease glucose production and absorption. Finally, it lists some common oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents that are used, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, glitazones, and insulin analogs.
Diabetes mellitus amol
This document discusses the drug management of diabetes mellitus. It begins by classifying the different types of diabetes and criteria for diagnosis. It then discusses the therapeutic aims of glycemic control and treatment of associated conditions. The main therapeutic strategies discussed are medical nutrition therapy, exercise, and pharmacologic therapy including insulin for type 1 diabetes and oral glucose lowering agents or insulin for type 2 diabetes. Finally, it summarizes the mechanisms and examples of common classes of oral glucose lowering drugs including sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
DM Drugs
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Sulfonyl ureas pharmacology Presented by arjumand
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They show their effects on beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin which maintains the blood sugar level.
They are also called as ATP sensitive Potassium[K] channel blockers
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This ppt highlights the discussion pertaining to the drugs acting on endocrine system. This include the discussions on insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and glucagon. This is based according to Vth semester syllabus.
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Hypoglycemics agents
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INSULIN
This document provides information about insulin, including its structure, biosynthesis, secretion, regulation, mechanisms of action, and role in conditions like diabetes mellitus. It discusses how insulin is synthesized and secreted by beta cells in the pancreas in response to blood glucose levels. Insulin acts to lower blood glucose and promote uptake and storage of glucose in liver, muscle and fat tissues. Diabetes results from insufficient insulin secretion or action leading to hyperglycemia.
Final control diabetes keep up to date 10 march 2016
Oral antidiabetic drugs contains SUs,metformin, glinides ,ddp-4 inhibitors,incretin mimietics liraglutide &exenatide And SGLT-2
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This document summarizes different types of hypoglycemic agents (drugs used to lower blood sugar) for treating diabetes mellitus. It discusses the main types of diabetes (types 1, 2, 3, and secondary) and classifications of hypoglycemic agents including hormones like insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents like sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. For each drug class, it provides details on mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects.
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Sulfonyl ureas arjumand
- 1. PRESENTED BY: ARJUMAND NAVEERA PHARMD [PB]. SULTAN –UL-ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Guided by: Dr. S P Srinivas Nayak, Assistant Professor, SUCP, Hyd.
- 2. OBJECTIVES 1. Introduction 2. Types 3. Mechanism of Action 4. Pharmacokinetics 5. Side Effects 6. Drug Interactions
- 3. Sulfonylureas are most commonly used Oral Hypoglycemic drugs helpful in treating Diabetes Mellitus . They show their effects on beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin which maintains the blood sugar level. They are also called as ATP sensitive Potassium[K] channel blockers.
- 4. First Generation • Tolbutamide • Chlorpropamide • Tolazamide Second Generation • Glibenclimide • Glimepiride • Glipizide • Gliclazide • Glibornuride
- 5. Sulfonylureas bind to and close ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells, which depolarizes the cell by preventing potassium from exiting. This depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The rise in intracellular calcium leads to increased fusion of insulin granules with the cell membrane, and therefore, increased secretion of mature insulin.
- 7. The most common side effect is low blood sugar. This can make you feel shaky, sweaty, dizzy, and confused. Severe low blood sugar can be life- threatening. To prevent it, eat regularly. Other side effects can be weight gain, dark urine, and stomach upset. Sulfonylureas can also cause skin rashes and adverse reactions to the sun.
- 8. Drugs Increasing the activity NSAIDS, Warfarin, Sulphonamide drugs – By displacing the protein binding Alcohol , Cimitidine , Chloramphenicol – By decreasing SU metabolism Drugs Decreasing the activity Diuretics , Corticosteroids – By increasing blood sugar level
- 9. • Text book of PHARMACOLOGY – KD TRIPATHI • Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics [ 3 Edition ] – ROGER WALKER • Wikipedia • Text book of PHARMACOLOGY [ 2 Edition ] – JAGDISH PRASAD