subclavian vein.pptx
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The subclavian vein begins at the outer border of the first rib where it joins with the axillary vein. It terminates by joining with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein at the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle. It receives tributaries such as the external jugular, dorsal scapular, thoracic duct, and anterior jugular veins. The subclavian vein can be catheterized using either an infraclavicular or supraclavicular approach. Subclavian vein thrombosis typically presents as edema of the upper limb, especially after exercise. It can be either primary, such as from excessive arm use, or secondary like as a complication from an indwelling
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ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF UPPER LIMBThe arterial supply to the .docx
ARTERIAL SUPPLY
OF UPPER LIMB
The arterial supply to the upper limb begins in the chest as the subclavian artery. The right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the left subclavian branches directly off the arch of aorta.
When the subclavian arteries cross the lateral edge of the 1st rib, they enter the axilla, and are called axillary arteries.
IN THE AXILLA
The axillary artery passes through the axilla, just underneath the pectoralis minor muscle, enclosed in the axillary sheath.
At the level of the humeral surgical neck, the posterior and anterior circumflex humeral arteries arise. They circle posteriorly around the humerus to supply the shoulder region. The largest branch of the axillary artery also arises here – the subscapular artery.
The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the level of the teres major muscle.
Anteriorly
(i) Skin.
(ii) Superficial fascia
(iii) Deep fascia.
(iv) Clavicular part of the pectoralis major.
(v) Clavipectoral fascia with cephalic vein, lateral pectoral nerve, and thoracoacromial vessels.
Posteriorly
(i) First intercostal space with the external intercostal muscle.
(ii) First and second digitations of the serratus anterior with the nerve to serratus anterior.
(iii) Medial cord of brachial plexus with its medial pectoral
branch
laterally
Lateral and posterior cords of the brachial plexus.
Medially
Axillary vein
The first part of the axillary artery is enclosed (together with the brachial plexus) in the axillary sheath, derived from the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia.
Anteriorly
(i) Skin.
(ii) Superficial fascia.
(iii) Deep fascia.
(iv) Pectoralis major.
(v) Pectoralis minor
Posteriorly
(i) Posterior cord of brachial plexus.
(ii) subscapularis
Medially
(i) Medial cord of brachial plexus,
(ii) Medial pectoral nerve,
(iii) Axillary vein.
Laterally
Lateral cord of brachial plexus.
Anteriorly
(i) Skin.
(ii) Superficial fascia,
(iii) Deep fascia.
(iv) In the upper part there are the pectoralis major and medial root of the median nerve.
Posteriorly
(i) Radial nerve.
(ii) Axillary nerve in the upper part,
(iii) Subscapularis in the upper part,
(iv) Tendons of the latissimus dorsi and the teres major in the lower part.
Laterally
Coracobrachialis.
Musculocutaneous nerve in the upper part,
Lateral root of median nerve in the upper part,
Trunk of median nerve in the lower part.
Medially
(i) Axillary vein,
(ii) Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and ulnar nerve
(iii) Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
1st part:
Superior Thoracic artery
2nd part:
Acromiothoracic artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
3rd part:
Subscapular artery
Ant circumflex humeral artery
Post circumflex humeral artery
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: AXILLARY ARTERY ANEURYSM
An aneurysm is dilation of a blood vessel to more than twice its original size. Although rare, axillary artery aneurysms can occur as a result of atherosclerosis, thoracic out.
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Vessels of upper limb..pptx
The document summarizes the major arteries and veins of the upper limb. The arterial supply includes the subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries. The axillary artery can develop aneurysms, which are dilations that require surgical treatment. The brachial artery gives off the profunda brachii artery and then bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries. The venous drainage includes the superficial basilic and cephalic veins and the deep brachial veins that accompany the arteries. Subclavian steal syndrome is described as abnormal blood flow reversal in the subclavian artery causing neurological deficits. Treatments include carotid-subclavian bypass surgery and angioplasty.
Posterior triangle of the neck
The posterior triangle is a space on the side of the neck bounded anteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posteriorly by the trapezius muscle, and inferiorly by the middle third of the clavicle. It is divided into the occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle by the omohyoid muscle. The occipital triangle contains nerves like the spinal accessory nerve and branches of the cervical plexus. The supraclavicular triangle contains structures of the brachial plexus like the trunks and nerves to muscles like serratus anterior. Lymph nodes in the posterior triangle drain the neck.
Cubital fossa
The cubital fossa is located on the anterior surface of the elbow joint as a depression. It is bounded medially by the pronator teres muscle and laterally by the brachioradialis muscle. Its contents from medial to lateral include the median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon, and superficial radial nerve. The brachial pulse can be felt and blood pressure measured in this region. It is also a common site for venepuncture due to the median cubital vein. Damage to the cubital fossa contents can occur in supracondylar fractures of the humerus.
Blood supply of upper limb (part2)
The document summarizes the anatomy of the arteries of the forearm and hand. In the forearm, the ulnar and radial arteries are the two main arteries. The ulnar artery originates near the elbow and passes down the medial side of the forearm, while the radial artery originates from the brachial artery near the elbow and passes down the lateral side. In the hand, the ulnar and radial arteries form arches that supply blood to the digits. The superficial palmar arch is formed mainly by the ulnar artery and helps supply the palm.
Surface anatomy areas.pptx
The document describes several anatomical spaces and structures. It begins by describing the axilla region, including its borders and contents such as nerves, vessels and lymph nodes. It then discusses the cubital fossa and its clinical relevance for measuring blood pressure and performing venepuncture. Finally, it examines the carpal tunnel and its importance in carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as the anatomical snuffbox and its relationship to scaphoid fractures.
Shoulder and Pectoral Girdle
The document describes various anatomical structures of the shoulder, back, arm, and forearm regions. It discusses muscles like the trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, and muscles of the forearm. It also describes bones like the scapula and humerus. Additionally, it outlines key nerves like the brachial plexus and blood vessels like the axillary artery and vein. The document provides clinical notes on various structures and spaces in the regions.
244221 shoulder-and-pectoral
The document describes various anatomical structures in the shoulder and pectoral region, including muscles, bones, nerves, arteries, and lymph nodes. It provides details on the scapula, clavicle, deltoid muscle, pectoralis major, axillary artery and vein, brachial plexus, and axillary lymph nodes. The brachial plexus is formed from cervical spinal nerve roots and divides into lateral, medial, and posterior cords to innervate muscles and skin of the upper limb.
244221 shoulder-and-pectoral
The document describes various anatomical structures in the shoulder and pectoral region, including muscles, bones, nerves, arteries, and lymph nodes. It provides details on the scapula, clavicle, deltoid muscle, pectoralis major, axillary artery and vein, brachial plexus, and axillary lymph nodes. The brachial plexus is formed from cervical spinal nerve roots and divides into lateral, medial, and posterior cords to innervate muscles and skin of the upper limb.
USMLE MSK L019 Upper 08 Vessels upper limb anatomy.pdf
The blood vessels of the upper limb include arteries and veins that supply and drain blood from the various regions of the arm, forearm, hand, and fingers. Understanding the anatomy of these vessels is crucial for medical professionals performing procedures such as venipuncture, vascular surgery, or assessing blood flow to the upper limb.
The veins play a crucial role in returning deoxygenated blood from the upper limb back to the heart.
Blood vessels of Upper Limb.pptx
The document summarizes the major blood vessels of the upper limb, including both arteries and veins. It describes the five main arterial vessels that supply blood from proximal to distal as the subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries. It then provides details on each of these vessels, including branches, parts, and clinical relevance such as sites for measuring blood pressure and potential complications from occlusion. It also outlines the superficial and deep venous systems that drain the upper limb, noting key veins like the basilic and cephalic as well as the median cubital vein which is a common site for blood draws.
Blood supply of upper limb by Dr-Ismail Khan
The document summarizes the arterial supply of the upper limb. It describes the axillary artery, its parts, branches and relations. It discusses the arterial anastomoses around the shoulder joint. It then describes the brachial artery, its branches including the profunda brachii artery, and the arterial anastomoses around the elbow joint. It concludes by outlining the radial and ulnar arteries, their branches and relations, and the formation of the superficial and deep palmar arches in the hand.
Blood vessels of Upper Limb.pptx
The arterial supply to the upper limb is delivered via five main vessels (proximal to distal):
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the arteries of the upper limb – their anatomical course, branches and clinical correlations.
Arterial Supply of Upper Limb
The document summarizes the arterial supply of the upper limb. It begins with the subclavian artery becoming the axillary artery after crossing the first rib, and the axillary artery becoming the brachial artery after crossing the posterior axillary fold. The brachial artery then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries distal to the elbow. It provides details on the branches and course of these main arteries supplying the upper limb.
Cervical sympathectomy
This document discusses cervical sympathectomy and thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Cervical sympathectomy involves resection of the sympathetic ganglia between the 2nd and 5th thoracic levels to treat hyperhidrosis, Raynaud's disease, and other conditions. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is now the preferred approach and involves using video assistance and two ports to access and divide the sympathetic chain and ganglia from the 2nd to 4th thoracic levels to treat various conditions. Compensatory sweating is a common complication after sympathectomy.
posterior triangle of neck
The posterior triangle of the neck contains several important structures:
1) It is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, clavicle, and upper border of the scapula.
2) It contains the accessory nerve, branches of the cervical plexus, and components of the brachial plexus like the dorsal scapular nerve.
3) Important arteries like the subclavian artery and veins like the external jugular vein pass through it.
Axilla and brachial plexus abba
The axilla is a pyramid-shaped space between the upper arm and chest that contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes. It provides an important passageway from the neck to the upper limb. The axilla contains the brachial plexus nerve network, axillary artery and vein, and lymph nodes that drain the upper limb and breast. The pectoralis minor muscle crosses the axillary contents and divides the axillary artery into three parts.
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ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF UPPER LIMBThe arterial supply to the .docx
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subclavian vein.pptx
- 2. Beining : It is the continuation of axillary vein at the outer border of the first rib termination : at the medial border of the scalenus anterior, where it joins the internal jugular vein to form brachiocephalic vein
- 3. Course: The subclavian vein forms an arch across the pleura at a level below the arch of the subclavian artery. The two arches are separated from each other by the scalenus anterior. It seldom rises above the level of the clavicle and possesses a pair of valves about 2 cm from its termination.
- 4. In front: Clavicle and subclavius muscle. Behind: Subclavian artery with intervening scalenus anterior muscle and phrenic nerve. Below: First rib and cupola of pleura
- 5. The following are the tributaries of the subclavian vein: 1. External jugular vein. 2. Dorsal scapular vein. 3. Thoracic duct on the left side and right lymphatic duct on the right side 4. Anterior jugular vein. 5. Cephalic vein. Only sometimes
- 6. 1- Subclavian vein catheterization 2- Subclavian vein thrombosis
- 7. Subclavian vein catheterization: The subclavian vein is located immediately posterior to the medial third of the clavicle. It can be catheterized both from below (infra_x0002_clavicular approach) and above (supraclavicular approach) the clavicle. a) In infraclavicular approach, the needle is inserted just below the lower border of the clavicle at the junction of its medial one-third and lateral two-third. The needle is directed upwards and posteriorly towards the middle of the jugular notch. b) In supraclavicular approach, the needle is inserted at the junction of lateral border of the clavicular head of sterno cleidomastoid and upper border of the clavicle. The needle is directed downwards and medially towards the mediastinum.
- 9. Subclavian vein thrombosis: Clinically, it presents as edema of the upper limb especially after exercise. It can be spontaneous (primary) or secondary. The primary thrombosis occasionally occurs due to excessive and unaccustomed use of arm at the shoulder joint. The secondary thrombosis occurs as a complication of an indwelling venous catheter.