Aorta by Dr. Karle Geetanjali
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Aorta is the main artery of systemic circulation. Aorta is divided into 4 parts - 1) Ascending aorta 2) Arch of aorta 3) Descending thoracic aorta 4) Abdominal aorta 1) Ascending aorta - branches - Right and Left coronary arteries . At the level of sternal angle it is continuous with arch of aorta. 2) Arch of aorta - branches - Brachiocephalic artery, Left common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery. Ligamentum arteriosus is attached to arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk. for details about ligamentum arteriosus please go through the video of fetal circulation https://youtu.be/kBR6p7-GmaE 3) Descending thoracic aorta - is continuation of arch of aorta from the level of T4 vertebra. it descends downwards by giving branches - 9 pairs of Posterior intercostal arteries, esophageal artery, left bronchial artery, pericardial branches, superior thoracic artery. 4) Abdominal aorta - at the level of T12 vertebra thoracic aorta enters into abdomen through aortic opening of diaphragm. Abdominal aorta divides into its terminal branches Left and Right common iliac arteries at the level of L4 vertebra.
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Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
Arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins behind the upper border of the second right sternochondral joint and arches over the root of the left lung before ending at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has anterior relations including nerves and veins and posterior relations such as the trachea and esophagus. Its main branches are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Developmental anomalies of the arch of the aorta include right sided aortic arch, double aortic arch, abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery, and coarctation of the aorta.
The heart chambers
The document describes the structure and features of the heart chambers. It states that the heart is composed of 4 chambers - the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood enters the atria and is then pumped into the ventricles. From the left ventricle, blood passes into the aorta for systemic circulation, and from the right it enters the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary arteries. Each chamber has distinct internal and external features and relations to other cardiac structures. The septa divide the atrial and ventricular chambers.
Abdominal aorta
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
anatomy of Left atrium and left ventricle of the human heart
left atrium- interior of auricle is rough due to musculi pectinate, rest chamber is smooth. fossa lunate is present on septal wall. 4 pulmonary veins open on posterior wall.
left ventricle- inflowing part is rough due to mitral or bicuspid valve apparatus, trabeculae carneae.
outflowing part is smooth called infundibulum. ascending aorta starts from infundibulum. aortic valve guards opening of ascending aorta
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Right atrium of heart
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
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Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta begins where the aortic arch ends at the fourth thoracic vertebrae and extends down to the diaphragm. It supplies blood to the thoracic cavity and has several important branches including the bronchial arteries which supply the lungs, esophageal arteries which supply the esophagus, and posterior intercostal arteries which supply the spaces between the ribs. The thoracic aorta also gives off mediastinal and pericardial branches before passing through the diaphragm and becoming the abdominal aorta.
Arch of aorta
The arch of the aorta begins behind the upper border of the second right sternochondral joint and arches over the root of the left lung before ending at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It has anterior relations including nerves and veins and posterior relations such as the trachea and esophagus. Its main branches are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Developmental anomalies of the arch of the aorta include right sided aortic arch, double aortic arch, abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery, and coarctation of the aorta.
The heart chambers
The document describes the structure and features of the heart chambers. It states that the heart is composed of 4 chambers - the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Blood enters the atria and is then pumped into the ventricles. From the left ventricle, blood passes into the aorta for systemic circulation, and from the right it enters the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary arteries. Each chamber has distinct internal and external features and relations to other cardiac structures. The septa divide the atrial and ventricular chambers.
Abdominal aorta
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
anatomy of Left atrium and left ventricle of the human heart
left atrium- interior of auricle is rough due to musculi pectinate, rest chamber is smooth. fossa lunate is present on septal wall. 4 pulmonary veins open on posterior wall.
left ventricle- inflowing part is rough due to mitral or bicuspid valve apparatus, trabeculae carneae.
outflowing part is smooth called infundibulum. ascending aorta starts from infundibulum. aortic valve guards opening of ascending aorta
The pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer. The serous layer further divides into the parietal layer lining the fibrous sac and visceral layer adhered to the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity containing fluid. The pericardium functions to support and protect the heart while allowing movement. Conditions like pericarditis or excess fluid accumulation can lead to cardiac tamponade.
Right atrium of heart
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
1. pericardium
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous layer that is firmly attached to nearby structures, and an inner serous layer divided into parietal and visceral layers with a lubricating fluid between them. The pericardium restricts heart movement and provides a friction-free container for the heart to contract within.
2. External features of the heart
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the mediastinum. It has 4 chambers - right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The heart is divided by septa into these chambers. The heart has surfaces including the sternocostal surface and diaphragmatic surface. It receives blood supply from the right and left coronary arteries. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the coronary sinus and associated veins which drain into the right atrium.
The pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary trunk originates from the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries. The right pulmonary artery is longer, wider and passes behind the ascending aorta. The left pulmonary artery is shorter, narrower and passes along the upper border of the left atrium. Pulmonary artery catheterization involves passing a catheter through the jugular vein and right side of the heart into the pulmonary trunk to monitor cardiopulmonary functions.
The aorta
The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body. It can be divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The aortic arch arises from the ascending aorta and curves superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before descending as the thoracic aorta. It gives off three branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The thoracic aorta continues down through the thoracic cavity and passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
Venous drainage of upper limb
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Radial artery
The radial artery begins in the cubital fossa at the level of the radius neck. It passes downwards and laterally beneath the brachioradialis muscle, resting on the deep forearm muscles. In the middle third, the radial nerve lies laterally. The radial artery leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral wrist aspect and reaches the posterior hand beneath tendons. It descends on the dorsum beneath muscles before turning forward into the palm, where it forms the deep palmar arch. The radial artery gives off several branches in the forearm and hand and anastomoses with other arteries. Clinically, the radial pulse is used to measure blood pressure and the artery can be used for coronary bypass
thoracic duct
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. It begins in the abdomen at the lower border of the T12 vertebrae and extends upwards through the posterior and superior mediastinum to the neck. At the C7 vertebral level, it arches laterally and drains into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It drains lymph from the entire body below the diaphragm and left side of the body above the diaphragm, receiving tributaries from lymph nodes and vessels along its course. Injuries or obstructions to the thin-walled thoracic duct can lead to fluid accumulation in the thorax or abdomen.
Right ventricle
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
Great vessels artery
The document describes the major blood vessels of the thorax, including the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and superior vena cava. It details the anatomy and branches of each vessel. The aorta originates from the left ventricle and divides into the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta. The pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it divides into right and left pulmonary arteries. The superior vena cava returns oxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
Pleura and its recesses
The pleurae are two thin membranes that lie on either side of the mediastinum and lungs in the chest cavity. Each pleura has a parietal layer lining the chest wall and a visceral layer adhered to the lungs.
Between the two layers is a small amount of pleural fluid that lubricates the surfaces during respiration. The fluid is formed through hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and normally absorbed by capillaries in the visceral pleura.
The document discusses the anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply, and various recesses and conditions of the pleurae, including costodiaphragmatic recesses seen on x-rays and pathological effusions and collapsed lungs.
Anatomy of Pericardium
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium further divides into the parietal pericardium fused to the fibrous layer and the visceral pericardium lining the fibrous layer and covering the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity lubricated with fluid. The pericardium supports and protects the heart, and its layers are supplied by nerves and blood vessels.
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The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the trachea and lungs. It discusses the following key points:
1) The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that extends from the larynx to the carina where it divides into the two main bronchi, one for each lung.
2) The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left bronchus.
3) The lungs are paired organs located in the thoracic cavity. Each lung has an apex, base, hilum and lobes that are further divided into bronchopulmonary segments supplied by the bronchial tree.
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The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic.
The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled. Between the alveoli is a thin layer of cells called the interstitium, which contains blood vessels and cells that help support the alveoli.
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Superior vena cava
The superior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body and delivers it to the right atrium. It is formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins and descends through the thoracic region into the right atrium. Its tributaries include the brachiocephalic veins, azygos vein, and intercostal veins. Obstruction of the superior vena cava can result in the development of collateral pathways through the azygos vein or between tributaries of the superior and inferior vena cavae.
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Venous system
The document summarizes the anatomy and flow patterns of the major veins in the human body. It describes the three major systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart - the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava (IVC), and superior vena cava (SVC). It then provides details on the venous drainage of specific regions including the head and neck, upper limbs, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Key veins discussed include the internal and external jugular veins, azygos vein system, hepatic portal vein, common iliac veins, and renal veins.
Blood supply of heart
The heart receives its blood supply from two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle while the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle. The venous drainage of the heart occurs through the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and minute heart veins which all drain deoxygenated blood back into the right atrium.
Anatomy of heart
Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books..thank you..!
Anatomy of right atrium
This document provides an anatomical overview of the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, and tricuspid valve. It describes the external features and internal structures of the right atrium, including its tributaries that receive venous blood. It notes the smooth posterior sinus venarum and rough anterior pectinate part. It also describes the components, surface markings, and location of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Finally, it outlines the triangular shape of the right ventricle and notes its inflowing and outflow parts, as well as the muscular ridges within.
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The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It originates from the left ventricle and splits into the common iliac arteries in the abdomen. The aorta is divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the entire body except the lungs. The aorta is composed of three layers - the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. Common conditions of the aorta include aneurysms, which involve abnormal dilations, and coarctation, which is a narrowing of the aorta.
Anatomy of heart presentation
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the middle mediastinum. It has four chambers - right and left atria and right and left ventricles. The heart is surrounded by membranes including the pericardium, myocardium and endocardium. Blood flows from the right atrium to right ventricle through the tricuspid valve, then to the lungs through the pulmonary semilunar valve. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through pulmonary veins and flows to the left ventricle through the mitral valve and out the aortic semilunar valve to the rest of the body. The heart receives its blood supply from the left and right coronary arteries.
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2. External features of the heart
The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the mediastinum. It has 4 chambers - right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The heart is divided by septa into these chambers. The heart has surfaces including the sternocostal surface and diaphragmatic surface. It receives blood supply from the right and left coronary arteries. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the coronary sinus and associated veins which drain into the right atrium.
The pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary trunk originates from the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries. The right pulmonary artery is longer, wider and passes behind the ascending aorta. The left pulmonary artery is shorter, narrower and passes along the upper border of the left atrium. Pulmonary artery catheterization involves passing a catheter through the jugular vein and right side of the heart into the pulmonary trunk to monitor cardiopulmonary functions.
The aorta
The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body. It can be divided into four sections - the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The aortic arch arises from the ascending aorta and curves superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before descending as the thoracic aorta. It gives off three branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The thoracic aorta continues down through the thoracic cavity and passes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
Venous drainage of upper limb
venous drainage of the upper limb, median vein of forearm, deep veins, basilic vein, cephalic vein, median cubital vein, superficial vein, dorsal venous arch,
Radial artery
The radial artery begins in the cubital fossa at the level of the radius neck. It passes downwards and laterally beneath the brachioradialis muscle, resting on the deep forearm muscles. In the middle third, the radial nerve lies laterally. The radial artery leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral wrist aspect and reaches the posterior hand beneath tendons. It descends on the dorsum beneath muscles before turning forward into the palm, where it forms the deep palmar arch. The radial artery gives off several branches in the forearm and hand and anastomoses with other arteries. Clinically, the radial pulse is used to measure blood pressure and the artery can be used for coronary bypass
thoracic duct
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. It begins in the abdomen at the lower border of the T12 vertebrae and extends upwards through the posterior and superior mediastinum to the neck. At the C7 vertebral level, it arches laterally and drains into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It drains lymph from the entire body below the diaphragm and left side of the body above the diaphragm, receiving tributaries from lymph nodes and vessels along its course. Injuries or obstructions to the thin-walled thoracic duct can lead to fluid accumulation in the thorax or abdomen.
Right ventricle
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
Great vessels artery
The document describes the major blood vessels of the thorax, including the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and superior vena cava. It details the anatomy and branches of each vessel. The aorta originates from the left ventricle and divides into the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta. The pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it divides into right and left pulmonary arteries. The superior vena cava returns oxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.
Pleura and its recesses
The pleurae are two thin membranes that lie on either side of the mediastinum and lungs in the chest cavity. Each pleura has a parietal layer lining the chest wall and a visceral layer adhered to the lungs.
Between the two layers is a small amount of pleural fluid that lubricates the surfaces during respiration. The fluid is formed through hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and normally absorbed by capillaries in the visceral pleura.
The document discusses the anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply, and various recesses and conditions of the pleurae, including costodiaphragmatic recesses seen on x-rays and pathological effusions and collapsed lungs.
Anatomy of Pericardium
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and roots of the great vessels. It has two layers - an outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The serous pericardium further divides into the parietal pericardium fused to the fibrous layer and the visceral pericardium lining the fibrous layer and covering the heart. Between these layers is the pericardial cavity lubricated with fluid. The pericardium supports and protects the heart, and its layers are supplied by nerves and blood vessels.
Anatomy of trachea & lungs
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the trachea and lungs. It discusses the following key points:
1) The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that extends from the larynx to the carina where it divides into the two main bronchi, one for each lung.
2) The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left bronchus.
3) The lungs are paired organs located in the thoracic cavity. Each lung has an apex, base, hilum and lobes that are further divided into bronchopulmonary segments supplied by the bronchial tree.
Lungs.pptx
The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic.
The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled. Between the alveoli is a thin layer of cells called the interstitium, which contains blood vessels and cells that help support the alveoli.
Blood and Nerve supply of the heart
Easy way to learn Blood supply of the heart and Blood supply of the hear. simple way to learn by trick and easy form.
cardiovescular system
Superior vena cava
The superior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body and delivers it to the right atrium. It is formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins and descends through the thoracic region into the right atrium. Its tributaries include the brachiocephalic veins, azygos vein, and intercostal veins. Obstruction of the superior vena cava can result in the development of collateral pathways through the azygos vein or between tributaries of the superior and inferior vena cavae.
Vena cava anatomy and variants
This document discusses the normal anatomy and development of the superior and inferior vena cavae as well as common congenital anomalies that can occur. It begins with a description of the typical anatomy of the superior and inferior vena cavae and their tributaries. It then explains the embryonic development of the major veins, including how the cardinal veins form and remodel into the adult venous structures. Finally, it outlines several important congenital anomalies including bilateral superior vena cavae, left-sided superior vena cava, retroaortic innominate vein, left inferior vena cava, azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, and circumcaval anomalies. Recognition of these anomalies is important to
Anatomy of Lungs
Lungs Anatomy - External Features of Lungs - Apex, Base, Surfaces, Borders of Lungs - Anterior Border - Posterior Border - Inferior Border - Coastal Surface - Mediastinal Surface - Impressions of Lungs - Blood supply - Arterial supply, Venous drainage of Lungs - Nerve supply of Lungs - Lymphatic drainage - Applied Anatomy of Lungs.
Venous system
The document summarizes the anatomy and flow patterns of the major veins in the human body. It describes the three major systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart - the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava (IVC), and superior vena cava (SVC). It then provides details on the venous drainage of specific regions including the head and neck, upper limbs, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Key veins discussed include the internal and external jugular veins, azygos vein system, hepatic portal vein, common iliac veins, and renal veins.
Blood supply of heart
The heart receives its blood supply from two main coronary arteries - the right and left coronary arteries. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle while the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle. The venous drainage of the heart occurs through the coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins, and minute heart veins which all drain deoxygenated blood back into the right atrium.
Anatomy of heart
Hello friends..you can use these notes for your convenience as they are taken from many other standard books..thank you..!
Anatomy of right atrium
This document provides an anatomical overview of the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, and tricuspid valve. It describes the external features and internal structures of the right atrium, including its tributaries that receive venous blood. It notes the smooth posterior sinus venarum and rough anterior pectinate part. It also describes the components, surface markings, and location of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Finally, it outlines the triangular shape of the right ventricle and notes its inflowing and outflow parts, as well as the muscular ridges within.
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In this presentation there is the complete basic anatomy of the Heart. in this presentation there is complete description of heart including anatomy, external feature, relations of the heart, layers of heart, structure and functions of heart, circulation of heart, blood supply and nerve supply of the heart is explained in the simplest form which is very useful for the students who are appearing for the various medical entrance exams like medical, dental, physiotherapy, ayurved, pharmacy, nursing and also beneficial for the students who are doing preparation for NEET and other medical entrance
imaging of aorta(branches of thorax) (1).pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and imaging of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta. It describes the branches arising from each section of the aorta and the structures they supply. Imaging options for assessing the thoracic aorta are mentioned, including plain radiography, echocardiography, CT, MRI, and catheter angiography. Variations in aortic arch position and anomalies like right-sided aortic arch are also noted.
Aorta, SVC, PULMONARY TRUNK.pptx
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the superior vena cava, arch of aorta, and pulmonary trunk. It discusses the formation, course, branches, and relations of each structure.
2. The superior vena cava collects blood from the upper body and drains into the right atrium. The arch of aorta begins at the level of the right second costal cartilage and gives off three branches before continuing as the descending thoracic aorta.
3. The pulmonary trunk conveys deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, arising from the upper part of the right ventricle at the level of the left third costal cartilage.
Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other structures. It is divided into superior, anterior, middle, and posterior compartments. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, major blood vessels like the aorta and superior vena cava, nerves like the vagus and phrenic nerves, and the esophagus. The middle mediastinum contains the heart surrounded by the pericardium. The anterior and posterior mediastinum contain the esophagus and major blood vessels.
Cardiovascular system
The document provides information on the cardiovascular system and heart anatomy. It discusses the heart chambers, which include the right and left atria and ventricles. It also describes the major blood vessels associated with the heart and the pathway of blood flow from the heart to the lungs and throughout the body. Additionally, it covers the layers of the heart wall, heart valves that prevent backflow of blood, and the conducting system which coordinates heart contractions.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological vascular anatomy of the head and neck.
This document provides an overview of the radiological vascular anatomy of the head and neck. It begins with an introduction to brain anatomy, describing its main components and vasculature. It then describes the anatomy of key blood vessels originating from the aortic arch that supply the head and neck region, including the common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid, vertebral and subclavian arteries. It details the branches and course of these vessels. It also provides an overview of cerebral and dural venous anatomy. Images are included to illustrate key anatomical structures and relationships.
Cardiovascular system.pdf
This document provides an overview of the cardiovascular system. It begins by listing the objectives and outline. It then describes the thoracic cavity and mediastinum before discussing the pericardium, heart chambers, valves, blood vessels of the heart, and great vessels. The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. It also discusses the coronary arteries and veins that supply the heart with blood and the major arteries and veins that connect to the heart.
Anatomy of the thorax
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the thorax, including:
1) The muscles of the thorax including intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.
2) Details on the diaphragm including its shape, origins, insertions, and actions.
3) The major arteries and veins of the thorax including the pulmonary trunk, aorta, superior and inferior vena cava.
4) Nerves associated with the thorax including the phrenic, vagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerves.
Crash-Course for AIPMT & Other Medical Exams 2016(Essentials heart)
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We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
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heart anatomy
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity surrounded by lungs. It has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out of the heart. The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the pericardium and has three layers - the outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium and inner endocardium. It uses a system of valves to ensure one-way blood flow through four valves into the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation oxygenates blood in the lungs and returns it to the heart's left side, while the systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body from the heart's left ventricle.
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Aorta by Dr. Karle Geetanjali
- 1. Aorta Dr Karle Geetanjali Professor, PMT’s Ayurved college, Shevgaon
- 2. Introduction- The aorta is the largest artery in the body. Diameter- an inch wide in diameter. It receives the cardiac output from the left ventricle and supplies the body with oxygenated blood via the systemic circulation.
- 3. Parts of aorta- The aorta can be divided into four sections: Ascending aorta, Aortic arch, Thoracic (descending) aorta Abdominal aorta. It terminates at the level of L4 by bifurcating into the left and right common iliac arteries
- 4. Ascending Aorta - The ascending aorta arises from the aortic orifice from the left ventricle. Then it goes upward to become the aortic arch. Length- It is 2 inches long length travels with the pulmonary trunk in the pericardial sheath. Branches - The left and right aortic sinuses of the aortic valve give rise to the left and right coronary arteries that supply the myocardium.
- 5. Branches of Arch of aorta -
- 6. Arch of aorta - The aortic arch is a continuation of the ascending aorta begins at the level of the sternal angle It arches superiorly, posteriorly and to the left before moving inferiorly. The aortic arch ends at the level of the T4 vertebra. The arch is connected to the pulmonary trunk by the ligamentum arteriosus (remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus).
- 7. Branches- There are 3 major branches arising from the aortic arch. Proximal to distal or from left to the right- 1)Brachiocephalic trunk: ascends laterally to split into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. These arteries supply the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper limb. 2)Left common carotid artery: Supplies the left side of the head and neck. 3)Left subclavian artery: Supplies the left upper limb.
- 8. Descending thoracic aorta- The descending thoracic aorta starts from the level of T4 vertebra and ends at the level of T12 vertebra. It is continuation of arch of aorta. it initially begins to the left of the vertebral column but travels in the midline as it descends. It leaves the thorax via the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm, at level of T12 vertebra and continue as the abdominal aorta.
- 9. Branches of Thoracic Aorta -
- 10. Branches The 9 pairs of posterior intercostal arteries - supply the 3rd to 11th intercostal spaces Left bronchial artery (The right branches off usually from the third posterior intercostal artery ) • Oesophageal arteries: Unpaired visceral branches arising anteriorly to supply the oesophagus. • Pericardial arteries: Small unpaired arteries that arise anteriorly to supply the dorsal portion of the pericardium. • Superior phrenic arteries: Paired parietal branches that supply the superior portion of the diaphragm. The subcostal arteries supply the abdominal wall muscles.
- 11. Abdominal aorta - At the level of the T12 vertebra the thoracic aorta passes from aortic hiatus of diaphragm and continue as the Abdominal aorta. It is approximately 13cm long Ends at the level of the L4 vertebra. At this level, the aorta terminates by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries that supply the lower body.
- 12. Branches of abdominal aorta-
- 13. Branches of abdominal aorta- Branches can be classified as ventral, lateral, dorsal and terminal branches. 1. Ventral branches- 1. celiac trunk – supply to foregut 2. Superior mesenteric artery- supply to midgut 3. Inferior mesenteric artery – supply to hindgut
- 14. Lateral branches- 1. Inferior phrenic - diaphragm 2.Middle suprarenal – suprarenal gland 3.Renal arteries – kidneys 4.Gonadal arteries - testicular/ ovarian arteries
- 15. Dorsal branches - 4 lumbar pairs 1 median sacral artery - unpaired
- 16. Terminal branches- Right and left common iliac arteries - terminal branches of aorta at the level of L4 vertebra.
- 17. Clinical anatomy- Atherosclerosis Aortic aneurism
- 18. Thank you!!! Specially thanks to Dr Kishor Pawar for diagrams of aorta.