2. Learning Outcomes
• Define the concept socialisation
• Describe the socialisation process
• Explore the four functions of the socialisation process
• Describe the phases of socialisation
• Discuss the following agents of socialisation:
The family
The school
The peer group
The mass media
The workplace
● Analyse Re socialisation and Anticipatory socialisation
3. SocialisationDefined.Page55
The process of learning the beliefs, norms and values that
are socially expected from us as members of a society or
social group.
Process of internalizing norms (internalization is the process
of acceptance of a set of norms established by people or
groups which are influential to the individual.The process
starts with learning what the norms are, and then the
individual goes through a process of understanding why they
are of value or why they make sense, until finally they accept
the norm as their own viewpoint)
Social interaction occurs
4. 4Functionsofthe socialisation
process
1) Establishes basic principles
Ranges from sanitary to scientific methods
Certain hygienic practices are universal
irrespective of cultural content
Washing hands before and after
meals
Medical professions- to prevent
cross-infection
5. 4Functionsofthe socialisation
process
2) Identity
In traditional communities, identity is
determined by factors such as gender, ethnic
group and family status
In industrialised communities identity is
based on personal achievement and is
aquired later in life
Socialisation in nursing starts with nursing
education and training
8. 4Functionsofthe socialisation
process
4)Teaches an individual skills
Varies from communication skills to the
handling of technical machinery
Conveyed from generation to generation
Normally learned through daily imitation and
practice
9. NursingSkillsexamples
Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the
health-related needs
•Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes
•Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2
•Assist patients in the rehabilitation process
• Calculate and administer medications
• Catheter, IV, and suctioning training
• Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill
• Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options etc
• Educated patients for home care and discharge planning
•Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families
• Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section
• Interact with departments regarding patient care
• Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings
• Medical terminology and medication administration skills
10. The phases of Socialisation. Page
64
PHASE 1:The commencement of
togetherness
The establishment phase The expectation phase
Find home
Secure an income
Patterns of responsibility
Mutually satisfactory sexual
relationship
System of emotional/intellectual
communication
Relationship with family members
Patterns of interaction with
friends/community
Develop a philosophy of life
Reach consensus on planning of a
family
From the wife falls
pregnant to the birth of
children
New tasks: parenthood,
reorientation of
relationship
11. The phases of Socialisation
continued
PHASE 2
Child bearing families & couples
PHASE 3
Families & couples with pre school children
CHILDREN:
- birth till 30 months
- dev sleeping patterns,
feeding, communication
PARENTS:
- new roles
- attention
- career
CHILDREN:
30 months- 6 yrs old
habits, intellectual skills
Motor skills
Sleeping and eating patterns
established
PARENTS:
28-32 yrs
New careers to increase
standards of living
Mutual adjustment
12. The phases of Socialisation
continued
PHASE 4
Families with school going children
PHASE 5
Families with teenagers
CHILDREN: 6-13 yrs
- complex tasks, skills
- self image
PARENTS:
- learn that child must
develop certain degree of
freedom
Career advancement
CHILDREN:
- emotional/physical
maturity
- education
- prep phase of adulthood
PARENTS:
- role models
- less work orientated
13. The phases of Socialisation
continued
PHASE 6
The family as a launching centre
PHASE 7
Families in the middle years
CHILDREN:
- study/leave home
- possible marriage
- career
- adult roles
PARENTS:
- acceptance of work
situation
- finds joy in life
- pays more attention to
other people
CHILDREN:
- until retirement of
parents
- own families/careers
- start of phase 1
PARENTS:
- empty nest
- rediscover partners
- physical changes
14. The phases of Socialisation
continued
PHASE 8
Ageing Families
Until death
Further physical changes
Pension, savings, old age
homes
15. SocialisationAgents.Page67
The Family
• Primary socialisation- primary function
• Internalisation of norms
• Language, morals, behaviour patterns, social
identity, functioning member of society,
Intellectual growth
• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline,
demand discipline
• Permissive parents: less accountability is
required from parents
• Directive parents: in-between above-
mentioned
16. SocialisationAgents.Page67
The school
• Unique functions
• Societal order
• learns reading, writing, foundation for
tertiary education
• Secondary socialisation
• Intended function: to convey norms,
values, skills and knowledge
• Unintended function: broadens social
horizons, participation in activities, rules
and sanctions, preview of adult world
17. SocialisationAgents.Page67
The peer group
• Equal in age
• Friends, clubs, sport teams
• Important role in socialisation process:
• Wisdom of parents no longer a strong
source of support
• Peer group has similar interests
• Membership voluntary. Members
important to each other
• Influence
• Accepted by members of same age group
19. SocialisationAgents.Page67
The workplace
• 1) Occupational choice
• 2)Anticipatory socialisation
• 3) Conditioning and commitment
• Continuous commitment
• See page75 on characteristics of
outstanding nursing care
20. ReSocialisation
Takes place throughout the adult life
When person enter a institution- new work,
prison, hospital, defence force etc
Old age- illnesses
21. AnticipatorySocialisation
Facilitated by social interactions
Non-group-members learn to take on the values
and standards of groups that they aspire to join,
so as to ease their entry into the group and help
them interact competently once they have been
accepted by it
It is the process of changing one's attitudes and
behaviours, in preparation for a shift in one's role
Words commonly associated with anticipatory
socialization include grooming, play-acting,
training and rehearsing
EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift