The document discusses socialization, which is defined as the process of inducting individuals into social and cultural worlds and making them participating members of society. It describes the primary agencies of socialization as the family, peer groups, neighborhoods, schools, religious institutions, and the state. Each plays a role in shaping personality and teaching social norms from a young age. The failure of these socializing agents to properly socialize children is cited as one reason for increasing crime rates today.

1. SOCIALIZATION
Unit – III
Sociology of Allied Health Sciences

2. SOCIALIZATION
 Meaning and Nature of Socialization
 Primary, Secondaryand AnticipatorySocialization
 Agencies of Socialization

3. SOCIALIZATION
 The human infant comes into the world as biological organism with
animal needs.
 He is gradually moulded into a social being and he learns social
ways of acting and feeling.
 The process of moulding and shaping the personality of the human
infant is called Socialization.

4. SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization will mean the process of inducting the individual into
social and cultural world, of making him a participate member in
society and its various groups and inducting him to accept the
norms and values of society.
 Family and the peer – group are the two agencies of
socialization.
 Family plays a dominant role in the socialization of child.

5. DEFINITION OF SOCIALIZATION
 W.H. Ogburn says “Socialization is a
process by which the individual learns to
conform to the norms of the group”.
 Bogardus define “Socialization as the
process of working together, of developing
group responsibility, of being guided by
welfare needs of others”.
 A.W.Green says “Socialization is the
process which the child acquires a cultural
content, along with selfhood and
personality”.

6. NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
 Nature of socialization is learning groups
norms, habits and ideas.
 Four factors play a significant role in the
nature of Socialization:
1. Imitation
2. Suggestion
3. Identification
4. Language

7. NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
 Imitation:
 Imitation is copying by an individual of the actions of
another.
 Thus, when the child attempts to walk impressively like
his father swinging a stick and wearing spectacles, he is
imitating.
 Imitation may be conscious or unconscious,
spontaneous or deliberate.

8. NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
 Suggestion:
 Suggestion is the process of communicating information
which has no logical or self-evident basis.
 It may conveyed through language, pictures or some
similar medium.
 Propaganda and advertising are based on the
fundamental psychological principles of Suggestion.

9. NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
 Identification:
 The child cannot make any distinction between his
organism and environment.
 Most of his actions are random.
 As he grows in age, he comes to know of the nature of
things which satisfy his needs.
 He gradually indentified what he need for happy in his
life.

10. NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
 Language:
 Language is the medium of social interaction.
 It is the means of cultural transmission.
 At first the child utters some random syllables which
have no meaning, but gradually he come to learn his
mother-tongue.
 Language moulds the personality of the individual form
infancy.

11. PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION
 Primary socialization occurs when a child learns the attitudes,
value and actions appropriate to individuals as a member of a
particular culture.
 Primary socialization is very important because it sets the
ground work for all future socialization.
 For example, if a child saw his/her mother expressing a
discriminatory openion about a minority groups, then the child
think this behavior is acceptable could continue to have this
opinion about minority groups.

12. SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
 Secondary socialization refers to the process of
learning what is appropriate behavior as a
member of smaller group with in the larger
society.
 Secondary socialization associated with
teenagers and adults, and involves smaller
changes than those in primary socialization takes
place outside the home.
 Schools require very different behavior from the
home.

13. ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION
 Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes
of socialization in which a person ‘ rehearses’ for
the future position, occupation, and social
relationships before actually assuming that
status.
 Occasionally, as we assume new social and
occupational positions, we find it necessary to
unlearn our previous orientation.
 For example, a couple might move together
before getting married in order to try out, or
anticipate, what living together we be like.

14. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 The Family
 The Peer Groups or Playmates or Friends
 Neighborhoods
 The School
 The Religious Institutions
 The State

15. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 The Family
The family members are closely related to the child. They
are the first one, who socialize the child. The child learns
language, speech and gesture, his first lesion of
cooperation, tolerance, self sacrifice, love and affection in
family. The environment of family influence the growth of
child. In bad family ,child learns bad habits & good habits in
good family.

16. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 The Peer group or playmates or Friends
 In his peer group children of different family backgrounds
get together, so a child learns a play way method, to
adjust with a variety of people, self discipline, cooperation
and healthy competition.
 He learns to extend his relations outside the family
boundaries.

17. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 Neighborhoods
 As a child step out of his family, the first contact with the outside
world is with his neighbor.
 Here the child learns how to adjust to a variety of attitudes,
interests and action. Neighbor's criticism, opinion, attitudes
towards different problems have a special significance for the
individual and he cannot ignore them.
 Attitude of his neighbor plays a significant role in the formation of
his personality.

18. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
The School
 The School is the second agency of
socialization. In the school child gets his
education which moulds his ides and attitudes.
 If the teachers are good, the child takes them
as an ideals and start imitating them.
 He has to adjust with her/his classmate
belonging to different family backgrounds, thus
increasing his capacity of adaptability.

19. Agencies of Socialization
 The Religious Institutions
 Religion plays an important role in the process of
socialization.
 Child’s beliefs and ideas are moulded by religion.
 In every family child observer religious practices
on one or the other occasion.
 For examples, in India the principles of
spiritualism are followed.
 Whereas materialism is the fundamental basis of
western societies.

20. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 The State
 The state is an authoritarian agency. It makes
law for the people and lays down the mode of
conduct expected of them.
 The people have compulsorily to obey these
laws. If they fail to adjust their behaviour in
accordance with the laws of the state, they may
be punished for such failure.
 Thus the state also moulds our behaviour.

21. Socialization
 One of the reasons for the increasing crime in
society is the failure of the socializing agencies
to properly and adequately socialize the child.
 The modern family faces a crisis today and
suffers from parental maladjustment which
adversely affects the socialization.
 The onslaught of urbanization has abolished
the neighborhood system and snached
playmates from the child.

22. SOCIALIZATION
 Child now play with electronic games that
with the neighbourhood children.
 Similarly religion has a lessor hold in an
urban society and state authority is more
disobeyed that obeyed.
 It is need to be said that in order to have
socialized beings these agencies should
function in an efficient manner.
 and for that purpose it has to make these
agencies more active and effective.