Socialization is the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in society. It begins at birth and continues throughout the lifespan as individuals learn new social roles. The main agents of socialization are family, peers, schools, and mass media. They transmit culture and social norms to children through various methods like suggestion, imitation, identification, and language. Socialization helps individuals learn appropriate behaviors for their culture and society.

1. By: Ms Gunjan Kandpal
Lecturer

2.  Socialization is the process by which children
and adults learn from others.
 Many people think that socialization is
especially important for infants and children.
 Psychologists now realize that socialization
continues all across the life span, as long as
people continue to learn from social
experiences.

3.  W.H. Ogburn says “Socialization is a process by which
the individual learns to conform to the norms of the
group”.
 Bogardus define “Socialization as the process of
working together, of developing group responsibility,
of being guided by welfare needs of others”.
 Green says “Socialization is the process which the
child acquires a cultural content, along with selfhood
and personality”.
 Peter Worsley explains socialization as the process of
“transmission of culture, the process whereby men
learn the rules and practices of social groups”.

4. 1. Socialization converts man, the biological
being into man, the social being.
 • Man is not born social.
2. Helps to became disciplined.
• Socialization is social learning.
• It is the values, ideals, aims and objectives
of life and the means of attaining them.

5. 3. Socialization contributes to the
development of personality.
 Personality is a product of society.
 socialization is a process through which the
personality of the new born child is shaped
and molded.
 Through the process, the child learns an
approved way of social life.
 At the same time, it also provides enough
scope for the individual to develop his
individuality.

6. 4. Helps to enact different roles.
 Every individual has to enact different roles
in his life.
 Every role is woven around norms and is
associated with different attitudes.
 The process of socialization assists an
individual not only to learn the norms
associated with roles but also to develop
appropriate attitudes to enact those roles.

7. 5. Provides the knowledge of skills.
 Socialization skills help the individual to play
economic, professional, educational,
religious and political roles in his latter life.
 In primitive societies for, example, imparting
skills to the younger generation in specific
occupations was an important aspect of
socialization.

8.  To become social and cultural being.
 To maintain social order by following social
norms, standards.
 To develop hidden or latent talents in order
to have contended life.
 To lead qualitative, meaningful life.
 To learn and fullfill social roles.
 For existence of specified pattern of
behaviour.
 To mould and shape total personality of
individual.

9.  Continuous process
 Tool for transmission of culture
 Learning process
 Establishes limits on the individual through
social interaction.

10.  Socialization is the process of learning group
norms, ideals, habits, behaviours and
customs.
 The process of Socialization starts long
before the child is born.
 The parents courtship, marital selection, the
customs concerning pregnancy and birth.
 Whole system of cultural practices
surrounding the family are important for the
child’s growth.
 But direct socialization begins only after
birth.

11. Four determining factors are there
1. Suggestion
2. Imitation
3. Identification
4. Language

12.  Suggestion is the process of communicating
information which has no logical or self-
evident basis.
 It may conveyed through language, pictures
or some similar medium.
 Propaganda and advertising are based on the
fundamental psychological principles of
Suggestion.

13.  Imitation is copying by an individual of the
actions of another.
 Thus, when the child attempts to walk
impressively like his father swinging a stick
and wearing spectacles, he is imitating.
 Imitation may be conscious or unconscious,
spontaneous or deliberate.

14.  The child cannot make any distinction
between his organism and environment.
 Most of his actions are random.
 As he grows in age, he/she comes to know of
the nature of things which satisfy his/her
needs.
 He/she gradually indentified what he/she
need for happy in his/her life.

15.  Language is the medium of social
intercourse.
 It is the means of cultural transmission.
 At first the child utters some random
syllables which have no meaning, but
gradually he come to learn his mother-
tongue.
 Language moulds the personality of the
individual form infancy.

16.  Family and parents
 Peers or Age mates
 School
 Teachers
 Literature and Mass Media
 Religion

17.  The process of socialisation beings for every one
of us in the family.
 The intimate relationship between the mother
and the child has a great impact on the shaping
of child’s abilities and capacities.
 The parents are the first persons to introduce to
the child the culture of his group.
 The child receives additional communications
from his older siblings, i.e. brothers and sisters,
who have gone through the same process – with
certain differences due to birth order and to the
number and sex of the siblings.

18.  ‘Peer groups’ means groups made up of the
contemporaries of the child, his associates in school,
in playground and in street.
 He learns from these children, facts of culture that
they have previously learnt at different times from
their parents.
 The members of peer groups have other sources of
information about the culture – their peers in still
other peer groups – and thus the acquisition of
culture goes on.
 The ‘peer culture’ becomes more important and
effective than the ‘parental culture’ in the
adolescent years of the child.

19.  Child gets his education, which moulds his
personality, develops ideas and attitudes.
 Well planned system of education will produce
good citizens and socially defined personalities.
 It develops group feeling, joint planning and
good interpersonal relationship.
 It enhances the standards of living, child
acquires and transmits culture within the school.

20.  The teachers also play their role in socialisation
when the child enters the school.
 Next to parents, teachers have great influence
on the child’s life.
 Teachers help the child to develop matured
personality and child imitates and follows
instruction laid by teacher.

21.  The civilisation that we share is constructed of
words or literature.
 The ideas, public, opinion, attitudes, ideologies,
tradition and culture are transformed through
literature.

22.  It promotes bond of unity and moulds the belief
and ways of life.
 Religious ceremonies will shape the ideas of
individuals.
 It controls the behavior of an individual,
determines the course of life and shows the
ideals.

23.  Primary socialisation
 Anticipatory socialisation
 Developmental socialisation
 Re-Socialisation

24.  Primary socialisation
• This is the most essential and basic types
of socialisation.
• It takes place in the early years of life of
the new-born individual.
 Anticipatory socialisation
• Men not only learn the culture of the group
of which they are immediate members.
• They may also learn the culture of groups
to which they do not belong.