Socialisation: • Functions – pg 57-58 in Du Toit • Phases of socialization- pg 64-67 • Socialization agents:- pg 68 in Du Toit • The family (functions- pg 173 in Du toit) • The school • The peer group • Mass media • The workplace • Definition of resocialisation and anticipatory socialization- pg 75 in Du Toit

1. Health care contexts
By C Settley

2. What is socialisation?

3. Socialisation
Socialisation is a processes with the help of
which a living organism is changed into a
social being.
It is a process through which the younger
generation learns the adult role which it has
to play subsequently.
It is a continuous process in the life of an
individual and it continues from generation
to generation.

4. Functions of socialisation
Establishes basic disciplines
Hygiene
Provides an identity
Gender, ethnic groups, family status, personal
achievement, goals
Teaches social roles
Guidance, obligations
Teaches and enhances skills
Communication, creativity, practice

5. Nursing Skills examples
 Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the health-related
needs
 Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes
 Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2
 Assist patients in the rehabilitation process
 Calculate and administer medications
 Catheter, IV, and suctioning training
 Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill
 Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options etc
 Educated patients for home care and discharge planning
 Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families
 Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section
 Interact with departments regarding patient care
 Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings
 Medical terminology and medication administration skills

6. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 1: The commencement of togetherness
Marriages
Finds a home
Secure an income
Work out behaviour patterns
Establish a stable relationship
Establish a system of intellectual and emotional
communication
Workable relationships with family members on both sides
Patterns of interaction
Develop a feasible philosophy of life
Reach consensus on future

7. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 2: Child bearing families and couples
Children develop patterns
Parents adopts to new roles
Emotions
Duties
Work
Social roles

8. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 3: Families and couples with preschool children
 Children are taught sanitary habits
 (think about the theories of development of children)
 Motor and intellectual skills.
 Parents focussed on careers (age group mostly between 28-30)
 Mutual adjustments

9. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 4: Couples with school going children
 CHILDREN: 6-13 years
 complex tasks, skills
 self image
 PARENTS:
 learn that child must develop certain degree of freedom
 career advancement
 children internalise habits

10. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 5: Families with teenagers
 CHILDREN:
 emotional/physical maturity
 education
 prep phase of adulthood
 PARENTS:
 role models
 less work orientated

11. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 6: Family as a launching centre
 CHILDREN:
 study/leave home
 possible marriage
 career
 adult roles
 PARENTS:
 acceptance of work situation
 finds joy in life
 pays more attention to other people

12. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 7: Families in the middle years
 CHILDREN:
 until retirement of parents
 own families/careers
 start of phase 1
 PARENTS:
 empty nest
 rediscover partners
 physical changes

13. Phases of socialisation
 Phase 8: Ageing families
 Until death
 Further physical changes
 Retirement
 Pension, savings, old age homes

14. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The Family
• Primary socialisation- primary function
• Internalisation of norms
• Language, morals, behaviour patterns, social
identity, functioning member of society,
Intellectual growth
• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline, demand
discipline
• Permissive parents: less accountability is
required from parents
• Directive parents: in-between above-
mentioned

15. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The school
•Unique functions
•Societal order
•learns reading, writing, foundation for
tertiary education
•Secondary socialisation
•Intended function: to convey norms,
values, skills and knowledge
•Unintended function: broadens social
horizons, participation in activities, rules
and sanctions, preview of adult world

16. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The peer group
•Equal in age
•Friends, clubs, sport teams
•Important role in socialisation process:
•Wisdom of parents no longer a strong
source of support
•Peer group has similar interests
•Membership voluntary. Members
important to each other
•Influence
•Accepted by members of same age
group

17. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
Mass media
•Radio, tv,
newspapers,
books, etc
•Conveys
information

18. Socialisation Agents. Page 67
The workplace
•1) Occupational choice
•2)Anticipatory socialisation
•3) Conditioning and
commitment
•Continuous commitment
•See page75 on characteristics
of outstanding nursing care

19. Re Socialisation
Takes place throughout the adult life
When person enter a institution- new work,
prison, hospital, defense force etc.
Old age- illnesses

20. Anticipatory Socialisation
 Facilitated by social interactions
 Non-group-members learn to take on the values and
standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to
ease their entry into the group and help them interact
competently once they have been accepted by it
 It is the process of changing one's attitudes and
behaviors, in preparation for a shift in one's role
 Words commonly associated with anticipatory
socialization include grooming, play-acting, training
and rehearsing
 EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift

21. References
Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. (2014). Nursing
Sociology. 5th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.