This document discusses management and leadership in community healthcare. It begins by outlining the key concepts to be covered, including defining management, explaining management roles and levels in healthcare work, and describing leadership concepts.
The main body of the document then defines management as getting things done through people and outlines Henri Fayol's definition of management. It discusses key management concepts like effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. It also covers management functions like planning, organizing, leading, coordinating, and monitoring/controlling. Finally, it differentiates between management levels like top-level, middle-level, and frontline managers and their roles. It concludes by distinguishing the differences between managers and leaders.
Directing/Direction is a function of management performed by top level management in order to achieve organizational goals. It is very important and necessary function of management.Management has to undertake various activities like, guide people, inspired and lead them as well as supervision of their activity is required in order to achieve desired results
1. PRESENTED BY:- TIMIR MOHANTA
2. DIRECTING Every decision taken must be properly implemented, otherwise it is of no use. Direction is required for effective implementation of a decision. Every manager in an organization gives direction to his subordinates as a supervisor and every manager receives direction as subordinate from his superior.
3. MEANING Direction is a managerial function performed by all the managers at all levels of the organisation. Direction is a continuous function of every manager. Direction is a function of management which is related with instructing, guiding and inspiring human factor in the organisation to achieve the objectives of the organisation. The three important elements in direction are communication, leadership and supervision and motivation. Direction is an action initiating function of management.
4. DEFINITION According to Koontz and O’Donnel : “Directing is a complex function that includes all those activities which are designed to encourage subordinates to work effectively and efficiently in both the short and long-run.”
5. It guides and helps the subordinates to complete the given task properly and as perschedule. It provides the necessary motivation to subordinates to complete the work satisfactorily and strive to do them best. It helps in maintaining discipline and rewarding those who do well. Directing involves supervision, which is essential to make sure that work is performed according to the orders and instructions. Functions
6. ELEMENTS COMMUNICATION SUPERVISION MOTIVATION LEADERSHIP
7. COMMUNICATION Communication is a basic organisational function, which refers to the process by which aperson (known as sender) transmits information or messages to another person (knownas receiver). The purpose of communication in organisations is to convey orders,instructions, or information so as to bring desired changes in the performance and or theattitude of employees.
8. IMPORTANCE •Communication helps employees to understand their role clearly and perform effectively. •It helps in achieving co-ordination and mutual understanding which in turn, leads to industrial harmony and increased productivity. • Communication improves managerial efficiency and ensures cooperation of the staff. •Effective communication helps in moulding attitudes and building up employees’ morale. • Communication is the means through which delegation and decentralisation of authority is successfully accomplished in an organisation
Part 2/3 - Report on Advanced Nursing Administration
Contents:
2. Supervision of Personnel (Principles and Techniques)
3. Motivation
3.1. Theories of Motivation (Content and Process Theories)
3.2. Use of Motivation Theories to Nursing Administration
4. Coordination of Services
5. Communication
5.1. Principles of Effective Communication
5.2. Lines of Communications
directing process is a process of advising, supervision, motivation, and capacity of influence other in any organization, it helps in formulating leader, leadership skills and also can be used as a study material by nurses and nurse manager for their knowledge skill development and application in their clinical practice and examination
Directing/Direction is a function of management performed by top level management in order to achieve organizational goals. It is very important and necessary function of management.Management has to undertake various activities like, guide people, inspired and lead them as well as supervision of their activity is required in order to achieve desired results
1. PRESENTED BY:- TIMIR MOHANTA
2. DIRECTING Every decision taken must be properly implemented, otherwise it is of no use. Direction is required for effective implementation of a decision. Every manager in an organization gives direction to his subordinates as a supervisor and every manager receives direction as subordinate from his superior.
3. MEANING Direction is a managerial function performed by all the managers at all levels of the organisation. Direction is a continuous function of every manager. Direction is a function of management which is related with instructing, guiding and inspiring human factor in the organisation to achieve the objectives of the organisation. The three important elements in direction are communication, leadership and supervision and motivation. Direction is an action initiating function of management.
4. DEFINITION According to Koontz and O’Donnel : “Directing is a complex function that includes all those activities which are designed to encourage subordinates to work effectively and efficiently in both the short and long-run.”
5. It guides and helps the subordinates to complete the given task properly and as perschedule. It provides the necessary motivation to subordinates to complete the work satisfactorily and strive to do them best. It helps in maintaining discipline and rewarding those who do well. Directing involves supervision, which is essential to make sure that work is performed according to the orders and instructions. Functions
6. ELEMENTS COMMUNICATION SUPERVISION MOTIVATION LEADERSHIP
7. COMMUNICATION Communication is a basic organisational function, which refers to the process by which aperson (known as sender) transmits information or messages to another person (knownas receiver). The purpose of communication in organisations is to convey orders,instructions, or information so as to bring desired changes in the performance and or theattitude of employees.
8. IMPORTANCE •Communication helps employees to understand their role clearly and perform effectively. •It helps in achieving co-ordination and mutual understanding which in turn, leads to industrial harmony and increased productivity. • Communication improves managerial efficiency and ensures cooperation of the staff. •Effective communication helps in moulding attitudes and building up employees’ morale. • Communication is the means through which delegation and decentralisation of authority is successfully accomplished in an organisation
Part 2/3 - Report on Advanced Nursing Administration
Contents:
2. Supervision of Personnel (Principles and Techniques)
3. Motivation
3.1. Theories of Motivation (Content and Process Theories)
3.2. Use of Motivation Theories to Nursing Administration
4. Coordination of Services
5. Communication
5.1. Principles of Effective Communication
5.2. Lines of Communications
directing process is a process of advising, supervision, motivation, and capacity of influence other in any organization, it helps in formulating leader, leadership skills and also can be used as a study material by nurses and nurse manager for their knowledge skill development and application in their clinical practice and examination
Week 1Be sure to read the lecture notes thoroughly, as they .docxmelbruce90096
Week 1
Be sure to read the lecture notes thoroughly, as they supplement the information offered in your textbook. You will be responsible to know the information provided here and in your assigned reading.
Health Care is Evolving
The way we once delivered health care services, is much different than the way we do today. Where we once focused on individual patients and treating illness, today we focus on groups of patients and promoting wellness. Because of the environment in which we operate today, we strive to provide high quality services to patients in the most appropriate way that we can. Many procedures and treatments that once required an overnight stay are now done on an outpatient basis. Patient care is provided using health care teams and an integrated approach. Patients themselves are becoming more and more active in their own health care.
A variety of forces are impacting our health care delivery system and have caused this paradigm shift. Some of these include:
Forces
· Pay for performance based systems
· Technological advances
· Aging population and associated increase in chronic illness
· Diversifying population
· Supply and demand of heath professionals
· Social morbidity
· Advances in information technology and information sharing
· Globalization
In today's health care system we have a variety of organizations that provide care to patients. This includes providers, supplier organizations, and payers. No matter what type of health care organization we are talking about, the same basic processes must be accomplished by each of them.
Basic Organizational Processes
A health care organization must provide a product or service. Acquiring and maintaining physical and human infrastructure such as office space, laboratory equipment, and employees is necessary to operate and produce the product or service. To do this most effectively, the organization must consider its relationship to the environment in which it operates.
Every organization also needs management and governance. Management plans, organizes, directs, and controls, while governance oversees management and the organization as a whole. Governance helps to provide the strategic direction for the organization and holds it accountable for patient outcomes, treatment effectiveness, patient satisfaction, cost containment, and ethical and appropriate use of resources.
An organization must also be able to adapt to changing conditions both internal and external to it. This function is critical to organization success in today's rapidly changing health care environment.
Processes
· Production
· Boundary spanning
· Maintenance
· Adaptation
· Management
· Governance
Areas of Managerial Activity
The position of a health services manager encompasses many different activities. These activities can be looked at using either a micro approach or a macro approach. The micro approach looks at the individuals within an organization and issues such as motivation, leadership, groups and teams, .
Concept of Management - Important ConceptHanshul Arya
Management is the process of getting things
done through others with the help of some basic
activities like planning ,organizing ,directing ,
coordinating and controlling.
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Your suggestions are welcome.
If require Presentation on any topic can contact me at Email ID- aryahanshul@gmail.com
CHAPTER ONE
Fundamentals of Management
1.1. Definitions of Management
There is no single, comprehensive and universally accepted definition of management. This holds true due to the following major reasons among others:
Different scholars view management from different perspectives
It has many areas of applications. It is applied in profit, not for profit, private, government, social and business organizations.
Management as a discipline is recent in origin and hence there are a number of theories being added to the field.
It is so broad that it is difficult to encompass all its aspects in a single definition.
It has undergone changes because of the developments in behavioral science and quantitative techniques.
There are different approaches to management, definitions change as the environment changes. The environment of an organization changes due to changes in the political, social, economic, ethical and other factors.
The following are among the most widely accepted definitions of management:
Management is … the organ of society specifically charged with making resources productive - Peter Drucker
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims - Koontz and Weihrich.
Management is a distinct process consisting of activities of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human beings and other resources - Terry and Franklin.
The work involved in combining and directing the use of resources to achieve particular purposes is called management - David R. Hampton.
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of the organization members and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals - Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert.
Management is the art of getting things done through people effectively and efficiently - Mary Parker Follett.
Effectiveness/Quality: is a way that produces a desired result.
Efficiency/Related to minimum Cost: is being capable of achieving the desired result with the minimum use of resources, time and effort.
1.2. Significance of Management
1) Encourages Initiative: Management encourages initiative. Initiative means to do the right thing at the right time without being told or influenced by the superior. The employees should be encouraged to make their own plans and also to implement these plans. Initiative gives satisfaction to employees and success to organization.
2) Encourages Innovation: Management also encourages innovation in the organization. Innovation brings new ideas, new technology, new methods, new products, new services, etc. This makes the organization more competitive and efficient.
3) Facilitates Growth and Expansion: Management makes optimum utilization of available resources. It reduces wastage and increase efficiency.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Management and
Leadership in Community Healthcare
When you have studied this session, you should be able to:
Define and use correctly all of the key words printed in bold.
Briefly describe the main principles of healthcare
management.
Explain the roles and levels of management in healthcare work
and why healthcare management is important for your work as
a Health Extension Practitioner.
Describe leadership concepts in community healthcare and
understand the differences between management and
3. What is management?
• Getting things done through people
• Management is the process of forecasting and planning,
organising, leading, coordinating and controlling the resources
of an organisation in the efficient and effective pursuit of a
specified organisational goal
Henri Fayol (1916)
4. cont
• Your key goal in community health management
is improving the health of your community.
• Reaching this goal requires an understanding of
the concepts of management and leadership.
5. Concepts of management
• Three of the most important concepts in healthcare
management are effectiveness, efficiency and equity
• Effectiveness:is a measure of how well an organisation, or a
person in an organisation, is meeting their goals.
• Example: A Health Extension Practitioner is set an objective
to distribute 500 malaria bed nets during one year and
succeeds in distributing 100. What do you think went
wrong?
6. Efficiency
• Efficiency is a measure of how well the health sector
is using its resources to achieve that goal.
• Efficiency involves doing things right, using
resources wisely and with a minimum of waste.
• Example:Health Post A has received an anti-malarial
drug with only one month shelf life remaining. It
expires after one month having served only a few
people. Is this an efficient use of resources?
7. Equity
• Access to healthcare is the basic right of all people.
However, this does not always happen in real life for
many reasons.
• Health inequalities are a result of the unfair
distribution of resources and may be associated with
low income levels, housing, education, gender,
geographically inaccessible areas and sometimes with
ethnicity.
9. Management functions
Planning:is forecasting and thinking about things that you
want to happen in the future and then working out ways to
get there.
Organizing: As part of the implementation process,
organising the various administrative structures and
community group members, is crucial.
Leading: is directing, influencing and motivating a team.
Coordination:It will help you to see whether the things that
you and your team are doing are consistent with your
overall plan.
Monitoring and control:Monitoring is the regular
observation and recording of activities. Controlling is
ensuring that work has been accomplished according to
plan.
10. Management roles and levels
• A health manager is someone who spends a substantial
proportion of their time managing areas of healthcare
provision such as:
coverage of services (planning, implementation and
evaluation)
resources (staff, budgets, drugs, equipment, buildings,
information)
external relations with partners, including service users.
11. Management levels
Top-level managers:Top-level managers are
often called senior management or executives.
Example: FMOH,ORHB
Top-level managers make decisions affecting
the entirety of the health sector.
They do not direct the day-to-day activities of
the sector;
they set goals for the health sector and direct
others to achieve them.
12. Middle-level managers
They are responsible for carrying out the goals set by top
management.
They also set goals at their level and perhaps for other units
they are responsible for.
They can motivate and assist frontline managers to achieve the
sector objectives.
They may also communicate upwards, by offering suggestions
and feedback to top managers.
13. Frontline managers
They are responsible for the daily management
of health activities in the community.
Example: Health Extension Practitioners
These are the managers that interact most with
the larger community on a daily basis.
15. Interpersonal roles
• Interpersonal roles require you to direct,
support and supervise your team and work
together with people from other agencies.
• It is categorised as the leader role, figurehead
role and liaison role
• leader role involves all the leadership and
motivational activities.
• A leader acts as an example for other team
members to follow.
16. cont
Figurehead role deals largely with ceremonial and
symbolic activities such as attending opening
ceremonies or taking a special part in community
celebrations
liaison role which includes those activities which you
as a Health Extension Practitioner need to undertake
in order to develop and maintain a network of
contacts inside and outside the community.
17. Informational roles
• Informational roles are those in which you
gather and then pass on information.
• Under the informational role you play a
monitor, disseminator and spokesperson role.
18. Decisional roles
• Decisional roles include the roles of: resources
allocator, negotiator, entrepreneur and
disturbance handler.
• The entrepreneur role is to seek and identify
opportunities to promote improvement and
needed change.
20. What is leadership?
• Leadership is concerned with influencing the
thoughts, attitudes and behaviours of other people.
• leaders need a combination of characteristics
including: intelligence, initiative, self confidence
and the ‘helicopter trait’, which is the ability to rise
above immediate events and try to work out longer
term or strategic ways forward.
22. Strategic function:
• To develop a sense of direction in the group or
community.
• You must provide a mission (what needs to be done)
and a strategy (a path for how to accomplish the
mission and a way for the group to get there).
• Developing a clear vision and a careful strategy is not
enough, you must also clearly communicate them to
your community.
23. Tactical function
• This involves identifying and choosing the
most appropriate means to persuade the group
or community.
24. Interpersonal function:
• It is important to maintain the morale,
cohesion and commitment of the group or
community.
25. What do you consider are the main differences between a
manager and a leader?
The main aim of a manager is to maximise the output of an
organisation through a formal, rational method.
The main aim of a leader is to motivate others to bring about
change.
Management deals with planning, budgeting, organising and
staffing, controlling and problem solving, in order to achieve
results.
Leadership is establishing direction, aligning people,
motivating and inspiring them in order to bring about change.
Focus on result:One of the principles of management is to make sure that everybody within
the organisation has a clear understanding of the goals and objectives and
makes each person aware of their own roles and responsibilities in achieving
those objectives.