This document summarizes a study on the structural collapse of a reinforced concrete building tribune structure. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the collapse, including visual observation, hammer testing of concrete quality, and computational modeling with Staad Pro software. The results showed that the collapse was due to insufficient reinforcement in the beams, unhardened concrete that was too young, and inadequate scaffolding support during construction. The hammer testing revealed a range of adequate concrete quality in the columns. The modeling confirmed that the beam and reinforcement design was insufficient to support the loads. It was concluded that the collapse was due to a combination of insufficient reinforcement design, immature concrete, and improper scaffolding.
STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTINGIRJET Journal
The document discusses non-destructive testing methods to assess the strength and condition of a reinforced concrete structure built in 1996. Rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and carbonation testing were performed on the structure. Rebound hammer tests at 32 points on the ceiling grid showed compressive strengths ranging from 12.63 to 37.95 N/mm2. Carbonation was observed over the full extent of exposed concrete, indicating severe carbonation and corrosion of embedded reinforcement. The results will be used to evaluate the structural stability of the building and recommend any necessary rehabilitation procedures.
Structural Diagnosis, Repair and Retrofitting of RCC StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the structural diagnosis, repair, and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It begins with an introduction to the importance of maintaining and upgrading existing RCC structures rather than demolishing and rebuilding. The stages of structural diagnosis are then outlined, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing (NDT), and identifying critical areas. A case study of diagnosing and analyzing a G+1 RCC building is presented. This involves modeling the structure in ETABS software to evaluate its strength and recommend retrofitting. The analysis shows reductions in demand-capacity ratios and story drift after proposed retrofitting of critical columns. In summary, the document presents a methodology for diagnosing deficiencies in RCC structures and strengthening them
IRJET- Repair and Rehabilitation of a BuildingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the repair and rehabilitation of a building located in Badlapur, India called YASHASHREE C.H.S. Ltd. Visual inspections and non-destructive tests were conducted to evaluate the structural condition. Test results showed deterioration of concrete including cracking, spalling, and corrosion of reinforcement. Specifically, rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated compressive strengths as low as 10 MPa, lower permeability, and corrosion. The overall structure was found to be in a dilapidated condition requiring rehabilitation interventions like crack repair, strengthening, and surface treatment. Recommended repairs and techniques like epoxy injection, additional reinforcement, and coatings were provided to restore the structure.
Soundness & feasibility of additional floor on existing rc building with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Many RC structures are influenced by different adverse conditions, where the serviceability and structural capacity may be decreased. Some structural disorders may be observed due to inadequacy of reinforcement provided, strength of concrete or the difference in grade of concrete used during construction. This requires the application of strengthening measures. Hence the structure is thoroughly investigated for quality, strength of concrete and other design aspects. A major part of the investigation also involves the feasibility of one additional floor over the existing RC structure where the deficiency of reinforcement is analyzed for the proposed additional load. The appropriate strengthening measures for the deficient RC members are presented based on the analysis of the structure and also considering the different site constraints. Keywords - RC structure, structural disorder, feasibility, strengthening measures
IRJET- Composite Floors using Profiled Deck Sheet in Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of profiled deck sheets in composite steel-concrete floors. It provides an overview of composite floor construction and the benefits of using profiled deck sheets, such as reduced steel and concrete usage. The document then describes the design methodology for composite floors with profiled deck sheets according to Eurocode 4 and British Standards, including determining the section properties of the deck sheet, required concrete volume, and checking flexural capacity, shear strength, and deflection. An example design is presented and the paper concludes that composite floors with profiled deck sheets provide economies over conventional concrete slabs, including reduced material usage and increased structural capacity.
Cost Effectiveness of Reinforced Concrete and Post Tensioning Beam in Multi-S...IRJET Journal
This document compares the cost effectiveness of using reinforced concrete (RC) beams versus post-tensioned (PT) beams for a 20m span in a six-story commercial building. It analyzes and designs two structural models using RC and PT beams and calculates material quantities and costs. The results show that the PT beam model has 10% lower construction costs compared to the RC beam model due to reduced concrete and reinforcing steel requirements of the PT beams. Specifically, the PT beams require less concrete, non-prestressing steel, and shuttering but more prestressing steel compared to the RC beams.
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of RCC Framed Structure using Different IsolatorIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a G+5 reinforced concrete building using different base isolation systems. The building is modeled in ETABS and analyzed using time history and response spectrum analysis for the El Centro earthquake record. Three models are considered: a fixed base building and base-isolated buildings using friction pendulum bearings and high-density rubber bearings. The results show that base isolation increases the building's period and reduces story drift and base shear compared to the fixed base building. Both isolator types are effective at reducing the seismic response of the medium-rise structure.
IRJET- Construction of Hollow Reinforced Concrete BlockIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on constructing hollow reinforced concrete blocks. It describes testing conducted on raw materials used to make concrete blocks of varying thickness and with or without reinforcement. The testing showed that block thickness, not concrete grade, determines whether the blocks withstand stresses, with a minimum thickness of 40mm required. Reinforced blocks of all thicknesses failed, while unreinforced blocks sustained stresses only at 40mm thickness or more. The research aims to develop structurally efficient hollow concrete blocks for load-bearing masonry construction.
STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE BY NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTINGIRJET Journal
The document discusses non-destructive testing methods to assess the strength and condition of a reinforced concrete structure built in 1996. Rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and carbonation testing were performed on the structure. Rebound hammer tests at 32 points on the ceiling grid showed compressive strengths ranging from 12.63 to 37.95 N/mm2. Carbonation was observed over the full extent of exposed concrete, indicating severe carbonation and corrosion of embedded reinforcement. The results will be used to evaluate the structural stability of the building and recommend any necessary rehabilitation procedures.
Structural Diagnosis, Repair and Retrofitting of RCC StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the structural diagnosis, repair, and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It begins with an introduction to the importance of maintaining and upgrading existing RCC structures rather than demolishing and rebuilding. The stages of structural diagnosis are then outlined, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing (NDT), and identifying critical areas. A case study of diagnosing and analyzing a G+1 RCC building is presented. This involves modeling the structure in ETABS software to evaluate its strength and recommend retrofitting. The analysis shows reductions in demand-capacity ratios and story drift after proposed retrofitting of critical columns. In summary, the document presents a methodology for diagnosing deficiencies in RCC structures and strengthening them
IRJET- Repair and Rehabilitation of a BuildingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the repair and rehabilitation of a building located in Badlapur, India called YASHASHREE C.H.S. Ltd. Visual inspections and non-destructive tests were conducted to evaluate the structural condition. Test results showed deterioration of concrete including cracking, spalling, and corrosion of reinforcement. Specifically, rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated compressive strengths as low as 10 MPa, lower permeability, and corrosion. The overall structure was found to be in a dilapidated condition requiring rehabilitation interventions like crack repair, strengthening, and surface treatment. Recommended repairs and techniques like epoxy injection, additional reinforcement, and coatings were provided to restore the structure.
Soundness & feasibility of additional floor on existing rc building with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Many RC structures are influenced by different adverse conditions, where the serviceability and structural capacity may be decreased. Some structural disorders may be observed due to inadequacy of reinforcement provided, strength of concrete or the difference in grade of concrete used during construction. This requires the application of strengthening measures. Hence the structure is thoroughly investigated for quality, strength of concrete and other design aspects. A major part of the investigation also involves the feasibility of one additional floor over the existing RC structure where the deficiency of reinforcement is analyzed for the proposed additional load. The appropriate strengthening measures for the deficient RC members are presented based on the analysis of the structure and also considering the different site constraints. Keywords - RC structure, structural disorder, feasibility, strengthening measures
IRJET- Composite Floors using Profiled Deck Sheet in Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of profiled deck sheets in composite steel-concrete floors. It provides an overview of composite floor construction and the benefits of using profiled deck sheets, such as reduced steel and concrete usage. The document then describes the design methodology for composite floors with profiled deck sheets according to Eurocode 4 and British Standards, including determining the section properties of the deck sheet, required concrete volume, and checking flexural capacity, shear strength, and deflection. An example design is presented and the paper concludes that composite floors with profiled deck sheets provide economies over conventional concrete slabs, including reduced material usage and increased structural capacity.
Cost Effectiveness of Reinforced Concrete and Post Tensioning Beam in Multi-S...IRJET Journal
This document compares the cost effectiveness of using reinforced concrete (RC) beams versus post-tensioned (PT) beams for a 20m span in a six-story commercial building. It analyzes and designs two structural models using RC and PT beams and calculates material quantities and costs. The results show that the PT beam model has 10% lower construction costs compared to the RC beam model due to reduced concrete and reinforcing steel requirements of the PT beams. Specifically, the PT beams require less concrete, non-prestressing steel, and shuttering but more prestressing steel compared to the RC beams.
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of RCC Framed Structure using Different IsolatorIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a G+5 reinforced concrete building using different base isolation systems. The building is modeled in ETABS and analyzed using time history and response spectrum analysis for the El Centro earthquake record. Three models are considered: a fixed base building and base-isolated buildings using friction pendulum bearings and high-density rubber bearings. The results show that base isolation increases the building's period and reduces story drift and base shear compared to the fixed base building. Both isolator types are effective at reducing the seismic response of the medium-rise structure.
IRJET- Construction of Hollow Reinforced Concrete BlockIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on constructing hollow reinforced concrete blocks. It describes testing conducted on raw materials used to make concrete blocks of varying thickness and with or without reinforcement. The testing showed that block thickness, not concrete grade, determines whether the blocks withstand stresses, with a minimum thickness of 40mm required. Reinforced blocks of all thicknesses failed, while unreinforced blocks sustained stresses only at 40mm thickness or more. The research aims to develop structurally efficient hollow concrete blocks for load-bearing masonry construction.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Rc Structure with Different Infill MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic performance of a G+5 reinforced concrete building with different infill materials through structural analysis. It models the building with conventional brick infill, conventional brick infill with partitions, autoclaved aerated concrete block infill, and autoclaved aerated concrete block infill with partitions. The analysis finds that using light weight autoclaved aerated concrete blocks results in lower base shear forces, steel reinforcement requirements, footing reactions, and displacements compared to conventional brick infill. This indicates that a building with autoclaved aerated concrete block infill provides better seismic performance.
INVESTIGATION REPORT ON PRELIMINARY TESTS ON FAILURE OF STRUCTURE AND MONITORINGIRJET Journal
This document presents an investigation report on preliminary tests conducted to study structural failures and rehabilitation methods. Ten concrete beams were cast and tested under loading to study their failure modes. Three beams were kept as control specimens and tested up to ultimate failure. The remaining beams were cracked and then repaired using various methods like GFRP, jute fiber, and steel jacketing. After curing, the repaired beams were load tested to failure. The results found that steel jacketing was the most effective and economical rehabilitation method. Preliminary material tests were also conducted on cement, aggregates, and concrete to verify their properties.
IRJET- Conditional Assessment of Bridges Case Study: Kund-Mala BridgeIRJET Journal
This document discusses a case study of the visual inspection of the Kund-Mala Bridge located in India. The bridge consists of two segments - a concrete slab bridge and a steel truss bridge. Engineers conducted a visual inspection of the bridge and observed several issues including cracks in the concrete, exposed reinforcement, corrosion of the steel, erosion of bridge foundations, and damage to structural connections. The visual inspection is the first step in assessing the condition of the bridge and determining if further testing is needed.
“Structural Audit and Rehabilitation of Building”IRJET Journal
The document discusses structural audit and rehabilitation of an existing building. It describes conducting non-destructive tests like ultrasonic pulse velocity tests on the building's columns, beams, and slab. The tests found the quality of the concrete to be poor. The audit revealed cracks in structural members and seepage issues. Recommendations include strengthening structural elements, waterproofing, and repair work to avoid further deterioration and ensure safety. Retrofitting techniques like epoxy injection of cracks and jacketing are suggested to repair the class 3 damage observed and extend the building's life.
Condition Assessment and Evaluation of Concrete Structures by Advanced Non-de...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using non-destructive testing methods to assess the condition of a 50-year-old commercial structure in Hyderabad, India. Visual inspection, rebound hammer tests, half-cell potential tests, and chemical tests on concrete samples were used to evaluate the uniformity, strength, and corrosion of the structure. The findings from these condition assessments are reported and recommendations are provided for repair and strengthening methods, such as column jacketing and shotcreting, to extend the life of the structure.
Assessment of structural integrity of G+2 storied old building for vertical e...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the structural integrity of a 46-year-old educational building to determine if it could support a vertical expansion. Non-destructive and semi-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the condition of the building's concrete and reinforcement. Structural analysis software was also used to model the existing structure and analyze it under expected loads from the proposed expansion. The results found some columns required strengthening and repairs were needed for cracks and dampness. Based on the findings, recommendations included jacketing columns, using lightweight materials, and repair techniques to ensure the structural integrity and safety of expanding the building vertically. The methodology provided a comprehensive way to preserve historic structures while adapting them for contemporary needs.
IRJET- Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beams After Retrofit with Externa...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on evaluating the stiffness of reinforced concrete beams before and after retrofitting with external steel reinforcement. Twelve concrete beams measuring 15x15x100 cm were tested under flexural loading. Beams were retrofitted by adding external steel bars and confinement to the bottom and sides. Stiffness was calculated before cracking at 1000kg load and after cracking at 3000kg load. Results found the average stiffness decreased by 31.11-0.58% before cracking but increased by 1.8-59.72% after cracking for retrofitted beams compared to unretrofitted beams. Retrofitting with external steel reinforcement and confinement thus improved beam stiffness after the onset of cracking.
Analysis of G+2 building with seismic load using EtabsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of a G+2 residential building using the structural analysis software ETABS. It provides details on the building configuration, methodology used, results of the analysis including base reactions, story shear, story drift, displacement, bending moments and shear forces. The results obtained from ETABS are compared to manual calculations. The structural elements are designed to be safe based on the analysis results, with the maximum column axial load of 950kN and maximum beam bending moment and shear force of 176kN-m and 157kN respectively. The analysis and design validated using ETABS are concluded to satisfy safety requirements.
IRJET- Relative Investigation of Multi-Storey Structure into PEB and RCCIRJET Journal
1) The document compares the structural performance of a 3-story reinforced concrete (RCC) building frame to a pre-engineered building (PEB) frame using STAAD PRO software.
2) Both building frames are designed for the same loading conditions. The member sizes, material properties, and other structural details of the RCC and PEB frames are defined.
3) The software is used to analyze both frames and calculate parameters like deflections, moments, shear forces, and stresses. The frames are then designed according to relevant codes.
4) Bending moment and shear force diagrams are presented for the RCC and PEB frames. Results like maximum forces in members are also presented.
FORMWORK TECHNOLOGY IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING ITS COST AND QUALITY ANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document compares the costs and quality of different formwork technologies used in high-rise building construction in India, namely conventional timber formwork, aluminum formwork, and tunnel formwork. Through case studies of two high-rise projects - one using aluminum formwork and the other using tunnel formwork - the document finds that aluminum formwork provides higher quality construction at lower cost compared to conventional methods. It allows construction to be completed faster with fewer repetitions of the formwork needed. For a proposed high-rise development in Chennai, the document recommends the use of aluminum formwork over conventional techniques to reduce costs by 25% and completion timelines.
IRJET - An Experimental Study of Flexural Behaviour and Corrosion Propert...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior and corrosion properties of reinforced concrete beams. The study aimed to induce corrosion on steel bars with and without corrosion resistant coating in beams, and determine the impact on residual flexural capacity. Beams were tested after 7 and 28 days to analyze load-carrying capacity and deflection. Results showed corrosion resistant beams had higher strength and intermediate deflection compared to conventional and corroded beams. The study concluded the corrosion resistant coating provided effective and affordable protection to rebar compared to uncoated bars, improving beam performance over time.
Comparative Study on CFST and RC Column in the RC Frame StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the response of three different column types in a multi-story building model under dynamic analysis: 1) A standard reinforced concrete column (Model 1), 2) A concrete-filled steel tube column (Model 2), and 3) A composite column with an I-section steel core and reinforcement (Model 3). The models are analyzed using ETABS software based on Indian seismic codes. Parameters like story acceleration, mode shape, column forces, story overturning moment, and base reaction are compared to evaluate the stability of each model under seismic loads.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Residential Multistory Building (G+5) by using ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a residential multi-story building (G+5) using ETABS software. The building is designed using AutoCAD and ETABS to analyze stresses in slabs, beams, columns, floors, walls and footings. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, lateral loads, axial loads, and seismic or wind loads according to Indian codes. The analysis checks stresses and load capacities of the entire structural system, including reinforcement requirements for columns and staircases. Footings are designed based on soil bearing capacity. The results obtained from analyzing the building structure in ETABS are also discussed.
IRJET - Strengthening of Beam using Engineered Cementitious CompositesIRJET Journal
1) The document studies the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
2) Five beam specimens were tested - one control beam and four beams strengthened with different ECC mixes. The ECC improved the load capacity and deformability of the beams.
3) The beam strengthened with ECC containing 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag showed the highest flexural strength and load capacity, demonstrating the benefits of ECC confinement for reinforced concrete beams.
This document summarizes an assessment of strengthening work done on a residential building in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Non-destructive testing was conducted before and after strengthening to evaluate the building's condition. Testing found some columns to be weak. Strengthening recommendations included grouting columns with micro fine cement and epoxy resin, as well as applying micro concrete jacketing to weak columns. Post-strengthening testing saw improvements but some columns still needed strengthening. The work aimed to repair deficiencies and retrofit the structure to protect lives and extend its structural life.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE WITH DIFF...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the analysis of steel-concrete composite structures with different shear wall positions. Five models of an 8-storey composite building were analyzed: without shear walls, with a center shear wall, shear walls in the x-direction, shear walls in the y-direction, and shear walls at the corners. The analysis found that the model with shear walls at the corners experienced the minimum displacement, storey drift, and time period compared to the other models.
IRJET - Experimental and Analytical Study on Partial Replacement of Coarse Ag...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on using broken clay tiles as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to evaluate the workability and compressive strength of concrete mixes with 0-30% tile replacement. The 25% replacement mix achieved 95% of the compressive strength of normal concrete. Flexural beam specimens were also cast and tested to failure. Cracks developed more slowly in the 25% tile beams, and their ultimate load capacity was increased by 5.62% compared to normal beams. An ANSYS model was created to analyze the beams, with results matching the experimental data within 3.57% for ultimate load. The study concluded broken tiles can be used to partially replace coarse aggregate
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL SLAB AND FLAT SLAB STRU...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic analysis of conventional slab and flat slab structures with and without shear walls using ETABS software. A 12-story building model with a conventional slab, flat slab without shear walls, and flat slab with shear walls at corners is created. The buildings are analyzed for different seismic zones and soil types according to Indian standards. Results for parameters like story displacement, story drift, story stiffness, and natural period are presented in graphs for each model and seismic zone using both the equivalent static method and response spectrum method. The study found that the flat slab structure with shear walls performed best with lower displacement, drift, and higher stiffness. Increasing the seismic zone was found to increase displacement and drift while keeping stiffness
IRJET- Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam with Partially Replaced Concrete be...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with partially replaced concrete below the neutral axis. Six groups of beams were tested: 1) control beams made of M-25 concrete, 2) beams with M-25 concrete above the neutral axis and M-20 concrete below, 3) beams with M-25 above and M-15 below, 4) beams with M-25 concrete and a hollow pipe below the neutral axis, 5) beams with M-25/M-20 concrete and a hollow pipe below, and 6) beams with M-25/M-15 concrete and a hollow pipe below. The study found that beams with lower grade concrete or a hollow section below the
A Review of Effective Use of Fischer Chemical for Rebaring in Existing Concre...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on the effective use of Fischer Chemical for rebaring in existing concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the research goals of comparing the strength of conventional concrete cubes to cubes cast with Fischer Chemical adhesive after drilling holes and inserting rebar. It then provides background on rebaring techniques and the benefits of using chemical adhesives. The literature review summarizes previous research finding that pullout strength is higher for samples with higher reinforcement ratios and stronger concrete. The study aims to determine the resistance value of Fischer Chemical through pullout and splitting tensile tests on control cubes and cubes cast with drilled holes and rebar.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes an assessment of strengthening work done on a residential building in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Non-destructive testing was conducted before and after strengthening to evaluate the building's condition. Testing found some columns to be weak. Strengthening recommendations included grouting columns with micro fine cement and epoxy resin, as well as applying micro concrete jacketing to weak columns. Post-strengthening testing saw improvements but some columns still needed strengthening. The work aimed to repair deficiencies and retrofit the structure to protect lives and extend its structural life.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE WITH DIFF...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the analysis of steel-concrete composite structures with different shear wall positions. Five models of an 8-storey composite building were analyzed: without shear walls, with a center shear wall, shear walls in the x-direction, shear walls in the y-direction, and shear walls at the corners. The analysis found that the model with shear walls at the corners experienced the minimum displacement, storey drift, and time period compared to the other models.
IRJET - Experimental and Analytical Study on Partial Replacement of Coarse Ag...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on using broken clay tiles as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to evaluate the workability and compressive strength of concrete mixes with 0-30% tile replacement. The 25% replacement mix achieved 95% of the compressive strength of normal concrete. Flexural beam specimens were also cast and tested to failure. Cracks developed more slowly in the 25% tile beams, and their ultimate load capacity was increased by 5.62% compared to normal beams. An ANSYS model was created to analyze the beams, with results matching the experimental data within 3.57% for ultimate load. The study concluded broken tiles can be used to partially replace coarse aggregate
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL SLAB AND FLAT SLAB STRU...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic analysis of conventional slab and flat slab structures with and without shear walls using ETABS software. A 12-story building model with a conventional slab, flat slab without shear walls, and flat slab with shear walls at corners is created. The buildings are analyzed for different seismic zones and soil types according to Indian standards. Results for parameters like story displacement, story drift, story stiffness, and natural period are presented in graphs for each model and seismic zone using both the equivalent static method and response spectrum method. The study found that the flat slab structure with shear walls performed best with lower displacement, drift, and higher stiffness. Increasing the seismic zone was found to increase displacement and drift while keeping stiffness
IRJET- Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam with Partially Replaced Concrete be...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with partially replaced concrete below the neutral axis. Six groups of beams were tested: 1) control beams made of M-25 concrete, 2) beams with M-25 concrete above the neutral axis and M-20 concrete below, 3) beams with M-25 above and M-15 below, 4) beams with M-25 concrete and a hollow pipe below the neutral axis, 5) beams with M-25/M-20 concrete and a hollow pipe below, and 6) beams with M-25/M-15 concrete and a hollow pipe below. The study found that beams with lower grade concrete or a hollow section below the
A Review of Effective Use of Fischer Chemical for Rebaring in Existing Concre...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on the effective use of Fischer Chemical for rebaring in existing concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the research goals of comparing the strength of conventional concrete cubes to cubes cast with Fischer Chemical adhesive after drilling holes and inserting rebar. It then provides background on rebaring techniques and the benefits of using chemical adhesives. The literature review summarizes previous research finding that pullout strength is higher for samples with higher reinforcement ratios and stronger concrete. The study aims to determine the resistance value of Fischer Chemical through pullout and splitting tensile tests on control cubes and cubes cast with drilled holes and rebar.
Similar to STUDY ON STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING COLLAPSE STUDY (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.