Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district Nandurbar

Article Citation:
Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB and Kiran Ahirrao.
Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district
Nandurbar
Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658
JournalofResearchinBiology
Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam,
Navapur district Nandurbar
Keywords:
Physico-chemical parameters, freshwater Rangawali dam, Nandurbar.
ABSTRACT:
Water is the primary need for all vital life processes. Water itself is an
environment, which support large number of organisms. However, it is highly affected
due to increased population, industrialization and unplanned urbanization that makes
pure water scanty to human beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly
contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the same time, the quality of
standing water is becoming more and more unfit for humankind due to unwise use,
negligence and mismanagement. The quality of life is linked with the quality of
environment, hence biological components of fresh water depend solely on better
physico-chemical conditions, and therefore, analysis of physic-chemical parameters of
water is essential. The present study was conducted at two different stations in the
Rangawali Dam, from tribal area. Samples were collected between June 2007 and
May 2009 on a monthly basis and evaluated quantitatively. The study carried out for
two years included following physicochemical parameters of the water samples. The
regional climate at the site of study is distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely
Monsoon (June to September) winter (October to January) and summer (February to
May). The physico-chemical parameters like Rain Fall , Atmospheric temp, Water
temp, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved carbon dioxide, Calcium, Magnesium Chlorides
and Sulphates were studied on seasonal basis, since the climatic changes seem to
influence the ecological factors, and physicochemical parameters.
1648-1658 | JRB | 2015 | Vol 5 | No 2
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www.jresearchbiology.com
Journal of Research in Biology
An International
Scientific Research Journal
Authors:
Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB*
and Kiran Ahirrao**.
Institution:
*Dept. of Zoology,
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University,
Aurangabad, (Maharashtra
State) India
** Rani Laxmibai College,
Parola, D-Jalgaon, 425111,
India.
Corresponding author:
Kiran Ahirrao.
Email Id:
drkiranahirrao@gmail.com
Web Address:
http://jresearchbiology.com/
documents/RA0352.pdf. Dates:
Received: 9 July 2014 Accepted: 17 Aug 2014 Published: 18 Mar 2015
Journal of Research in Biology
An International Scientific Research Journal
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
ISSN No: Print: 2231 –6280; Online: 2231- 6299

INTRODUCTION
Freshwater biodiversity is the over-riding
conservation priority during the International Decade for
Action – ‘Water for Life’ – 2005 to 2015. Fresh water
makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and
approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny
fraction of global water supports at least 100000 species
out of approximately 1.8 million – almost 6% of all
described species. Inland waters and freshwater
biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in
economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational
terms. Their conservation and management are critical to
the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet
this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are
experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than
those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if
trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and
species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity
to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh
water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends
in 2015.
Water is the primary need for all vital life
processes. Ever since the prehistoric times, man has been
closely associated with water and the evidences of past
civilization that all historic human settlements were
around inland fresh water resources have proved it.
Water itself is an environment, which support large
number of organisms. However, is highly affected due to
increased population, industrialization and unplanned
urbanization that makes pure water scanty to human
beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly
contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the
same time, the quality of standing water is becoming
more and unfit for humankind due to unwise use,
negligence and mismanagement. Therefore, quality
assessment of water is the most urgent need of the hour.
It can be done either by monitoring the physico-chemical
properties of water or by analyzing inhabiting biota.
Since the problem of water pollution in India is very
critical extensive studies are required to protect the
natural and manmade water sources.
The problem of pollution of water resources, due
to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes and is
a great threat on the international scale. And for this,
economical methods to assess water pollution are
needed. Any impairment caused by pollution has its
effect on the aquatic biota. Therefore, a continuous effect
on the aquatic biota reflects the conditions existing in the
aquatic environment and the data can be utilized for the
monitoring of water pollution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling method analysis:
The present study was carried out to study
physico-chemical parameters of Rangawali dam,
Navapur, Dist-Nandurbar. In two years of study period
2007-08 and 2008-09 data of rainfall was collected from
the collector office District Nandurbar. Atmospheric
temperature was recorded with the help of mercury
thermometer. The water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen,
pH, salinity, and dissolved carbon dioxide were recorded
by using portable water analysis kit.
These above-mentioned parameters were
analyzed on the spot at selected stations one and one,
soon after collecting the samples at fixed date and during
6 A.M. to 8 A.M. The estimation of total calcium,
magnesium, sulphates and chlorides were analyzed in the
laboratory after immediately colleting samples. These
parameters were measured in the laboratory by applying
respective methods (APHA, 1998). For the analysis of
physico-chemical factors, the surface water was collected
from the fix spots of Rangavali Dam, every month
between 6 A.M. to 8 A.M. on fixed date to avoid the
fluctuation in the observations. The work was carried out
for the period of two year 2007-08 and 2008-09.
RESULTS
The study carried out for two years included
Shejule and Ahirrao 2015
1649 Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

following physicochemical parameters of the water
samples collected at two stations.
The regional climate at the site of study is
distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely Monsoon
(June to September) winter (October to January) and
summer (February to May). The physico-chemical
parameters were studied on seasonal basis, since the
climatic changes seem to influence the ecological
factors, population densities and physicochemical
parameters.
Rainfall:
During the present study, the total rainfall
recorded during 2007 - 2008 was 571 mm. The annual
range of rainfall was 00 mm to 132.9 mm during 2007 –
2008. The seasonal analysis showed that it was at highest
during monsoon and lowest during the summer. The
range was 00 mm to 571 mm during 2007 - 2008. The
details for rainfall during the study period are given in
table 1 and 2.
Atmospheric Temperature: (A.T.)
The atmospheric temperature was almost similar
at both the sampling stations, although a slight variation
was seen since the stations were located at distance away
(about 2 Km) from each other. The atmospheric
temperature ranged between 17.20° to 45.7°C during
2007 - 2008. The seasonal analysis has shown that at the
station-A, the atmospheric temperature during monsoon
ranged between 24.7°C to 31.05°C, during winter it
ranged between 17.2°C to 25.5°C and during summer, it
ranged between 22.3°C to 45.7°C. At Station-B, the
range was 24.7°C to 31.4°C during monsoon, 17.2 to
25.5°C during winter, and 22.2°C to 47.7°C during
summer.
The atmospheric temperature ranged between
18.1° to 45.0°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal
analysis has shown that at the station-A, the atmospheric
temperature during monsoon ranged between 27.0°C to
42.2°C, during winter it ranged between 18.2°C to
32.5°C and during summer, it ranged between 25.5°C to
45.0°C. At Station-B, the range was 27.0°C to 42.2°C
during monsoon, 18.1 to 32.5°C during winter, and
25.7°C to 44.7°C during summer.
Water Temperature (W.T.):
The Water temperature was almost similar at
both the sampling stations. Although the water
temperature recorded was consistently lower than the
atmospheric temperature. The Water temperature ranged
between 19.2°C 31.1°C during 2007 - 2008. The
seasonal analysis has shown that at the station-A, the
water temperature during monsoon ranged between
22.8°C to 29.3°C, during winter it ranged between
19.3°C to 23.1°C and during summer, it ranged between
19.2°C to 31.0°C during year 2007 - 2008. At Station-B,
the range was 22.7°C to 29.3°C during monsoon, 19.4°C
to 23.2°C during winter and 19.3°C to 31.1°C during
summer of year 2007 - 2008.
The Water temperature ranged between 18.1°C
to 31.5°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal analysis has
shown that at the station-A, the water temperature during
monsoon ranged between 25.3°C to 31.7°C, during
winter it ranged between 18.2°C to 23.1°C and during
summer, it ranged between 23.7°C to 31.5°C during year
2008-09. At Station-B, the range was 25.3°C to 31.6°C
during monsoon, 18.3°C to 23.2°C during winter and
23.1°C to 31.2°C during summer of year 2008-09.
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH):
During the present study the annual range of pH
varied from 6.7 to 7.5 At station-A it was maximum
during monsoon (7.5) and minimum in summer (6.7)
during 2007–08. At station-B, similar results were
recorded. The seasonal analysis showed that at station A
and B, the pH varied from 7.2 to 7.5 during monsoon,
6.9 to 7.1 during winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer
2007 – 2008. The range was equally narrow in summer
and winter (0.2) and wide in monsoon (0.3).
The annual range of pH varied from 6.8 to 7.6 At
both the stations. It was maximum during monsoon (7.6)
and minimum in summer (6.8) during 2007–08. The
Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658 1650

seasonal analysis showed that at station A and B, the pH
varied from 7.5 to 7.6 during monsoon, 7 to 7.3 during
winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer 2008-09
Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.)
The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at
both the Stations varied from 6.7 mg/l to 13.7 mg/l
during the year 2007-08. At Station-A, The season wise
analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen was 11.1 to
13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.8 to 10.4 mg/l in the winter,
6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer. While at Station-B, The
season wise analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen
was 11.1 to 13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.7 to 10.5 mg/l
in the winter, 6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer.
The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at
both the Stations varied from 7.1 mg/l to 13.8 mg/l
during the year 2008-09. At Station-A, the Dissolved
Oxygen was 11.8 to 13.8 mg/l in the monsoon, 8.9 to
10.6 mg/l in the winter and 7 to 8.2 mg/l in the summer.
While at Station-B, was 11.6 to 13.2 mg/l in the
monsoon, 9 to 10.6 mg/l in the winter, 7 to 8.6 mg/l in
the summer.
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide:
The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to
7.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2007-08. At
Station A, the season wise analysis showed that free
Carbon Dioxide was recorded in monsoon from 4.2 to
5.7 mg/l, 4.7 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in
summer. While at Station B, in monsoon 4.2 to 5.6 mg/l ,
4.6 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in summer.
The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to
8.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2008-09. At
Station A, it is 4.2 to 6.1 mg/l in monsoon, 4.5 to 5.3 in
winter and 6.2 to 8.7 mg/l in summer. While at Station
B, in monsoon 4.2 to 6.1mg/l , 4.5 to 5.3 in winter and
6.1 to 8.2 mg/l in summer.
Calcium:
During the present study, the annual range of
calcium was 26.03 mg/l to 40.32 mg/l during 2007-08.
The seasonal analysis showed that at Station-A the
calcium ranged were 32.09 to 35.15mg/l during
monsoon, 26.23 to 31.33 mg/l during winter and 34.21 to
40.04 mg/l during summer. At Station-B,32.18 to 36.15
mg/l during monsoon, 26.03 to 30.05 mg/l during winter
and 34 to 40.32 mg/l during summer.
In year 2008-09 at Station-A the calcium range
were 33 to 36.1mg/l during monsoon, 27.06 to 33.21 mg/
l during winter and 32.04 to 39.15 mg/l during summer.
And at Station-B, 33.04 to 36 mg/l during monsoon,
27.03 to 34.15 mg/l during winter and 31.05 to 40.33
mg/l during summer.
Magnesium:
During the present study, the annual range of
Magnesium was 1.4 to 2.3 and 1.3 to 2.8 mg/l during
2007-08 and 2008 09 respectively. The seasonal analysis
showed that at Station-A the Magnesium ranged during
2007-08 was, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3
mg/l during winter, and 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during summer.
At Station-B, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3
mg/l during winter, and 1.4 to 1.6 mg/l during summer.
The Magnesium ranged during 2008-09 at station
-A was 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/l
during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer and at
station-B, 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/
l during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer.
Sulphates:
During present study, the annual range of
Sulphates in the water samples collected at station-A and
station-B was 0.018 to 0.033 and 0.017 to 0.03 mg/l
during 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. The seasonal
studies in 2007-08 showed that for Station-A, Sulphate
ranged between 0.02 to 0.033 mg/l in monsoon, 0.018 to
0.02 mg/l in winter and 0.024 to 0.027 mg/l in summer.
For station-B, Sulphates ranged between 0.03 mg/l
during monsoon, 0.02 to 0.025 mg/l for winter and 0.027
to 0.029 mg/l in summer.
The seasonal studies in 2008-09 showed that for
Station-A, Sulphate ranged between 0.018 to 0.033 mg/l
in monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l in winter and 0.025 to

0.029 mg/l in summer. For station-B, 0.019 to 0.03 mg/l
during monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l for winter and
0.025 to 0.028 mg/l in summer.
Chlorides:
The annual range of Chlorides in the water
samples collected at Station-A was 57.11 to 75.15 mg/l
and 57.11 to 75.44 mg/l during 2007-08 and 2008-09
respectively. Seasonal studies of 2007-08 showed that
for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 58.04 to 75.15
mg/l in monsoon, 58.07 to 67.43 mg/l in winter and
70.07 to 74.55 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides
ranged between 65.4 to 75.06 mg/l during monsoon,
57.11 to 59.5 mg/l for winter and 63.33 to 71.17 mg/l in
summer.
In study period of 2008-09 studies showed that
for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 65.4 to 65.06
mg/l in monsoon, 57.11 to 59.5 mg/l in winter and 63.33
to 71.17 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides
ranged between 65.04 to 75.44 mg/l during monsoon,
58.16 to 60.05 mg/l for winter and 63.22 to 71.09 mg/l in
summer.
DISCUSSION
The present study on Rangavali Dam from
Nandurbar District, Maharashtra State, India, was carried
out to find out their physico-chemical characteristics
monthly variations of physico-chemical characteristic
such as rainfall, temperature and the other factors such as
pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and some
salts play an important role in the biology of the
organisms and in aquatic environment. A sound
knowledge of the factors help in understanding the
complex processes of interaction between the climate
and biological processes in water bodies. It is important
to understand the water quality, fauna their dynamics and
functioning of these ecosystems as well as the impact of
increasing human activities on them for management of
fresh waters and keep them in healthy state to changing
environment sustain the future region. The quality of life
is linked with the quality of environment, hence
biological components of fresh water depend solely on
better physico-chemical conditions, and therefore,
analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water is
essential. .
pH is an important factor, which controls the
chemical changes, species composition and the metabolic
activities of living organisms inhabiting the water body
The present result are similar and in agreement with
those obtained in the investigation of ( Hutchinson 1957,
Subba Rao and Govind 1964; and Avasti and Tiwari,
2004). The higher values of pH in summer may be due to
the utilization of bicarbonates and carbonates buffer
systems/ According to Saran and Adoni (1984) during
photosynthesis free carbon dioxide and bicarbonates are
utilized and there is release of carbonates which increase
the quantity of dissolved oxygen and pH. Pearsall
( 1930) and Zafar (1966) ; observed that pH of the water
appeared to be depended upon the relative quantity of
calcium, carbonates and bicarbonates. The water is
tended to be more alkaline when it possesses larger
quantities of these ions (Zafar, 1966): “The pH level was
not uniform during the study period, of 2007-08. In the
summer months, pH value was low while it was inclined
from spring to pre-monsoon towards alkaline pH.
According to Das (1961), the decrease in pH during
summer is due to decrease in water level, which
increases the concentration of free carbon dioxide,
released through by respiration of aquatic organisms,
thus lower the pH.
Seasonal variations in Dissolved oxygen content
revealed maximum value during monsoon and minimum
during summer for both years. The above observations
were agreed with the finding of Singh and Raj (1999)
and Md. Ilyas (2002). The lower values of DO in
summer were probably due to high temperature
evaporation and increased rate of decomposition of
organic matter in water. The other reasons may be
attributed to the biological processes such as oxygen is

moderately soluble in water and solubility decreases with
increase in temperature, increase in the various
pollutants. The solubility of oxygen in pure water at 0 0
C
is 14.6 mg/1. Whereas water usually contains about 8.0
mg/1 of DO at room temperature. Muragawel and
Pandian (2002 ) reported the existence of positive co-
relation between DO and water transparency, pH,
phosphates and nitrates.
The low value of the DCO2 occurred mainly due
to higher rate of utilization of carbon dioxide in
photosynthesis while the higher carbon dioxide value
may be resulted due to higher decomposition of organic
matter (Mishra and Saksena 1991; Dwivedi and Sonar
2004). Another reason for the fluctuations in the DCO2
level in the water may be, due to formation of carbonic
acid in water which dissociates into H+
and HCO3
-
ions
which brings a change in the pH of water as hydrogen
ions are set free and HCO3
-
react with calcium to from
calcium carbonate insoluble in water. This phenomenon
explains that how concentration of carbon dioxide in
water limits pH and concentrations of HCO3
-,
CO3
-
, and
CO2 (Ruttnerr, 1953).
Calcium is essential for all organisms, being an
important cell wall constituent and regulates various
physiological functions in animal too. The calcium
content was found to increase during the summer and
decrease during the winter. Calcium is considered to be
more important because it is an integral part of
organismic tissues. It increases the availability of other
ions. High calcium content in the sediment of the water
bodies support the growth of mollusc. It is also required
as a nutrient for various metabolic processes, and assists
in proper translocation of carbohydrates and facilitates
other ions(Wetzel 1975). Calcium plays an important
role in various ways in the growth and population
dynamics of freshwater and its fauna. It is considered as
a basic inorganic element of algae and regarded as an
essential nutrient for various metabolic processes
(Ruttner, 1953). The calcium observed during the present
study was in agreement with that of calcium in
freshwater bodies suggested by Kaul et.al.(1980).
Magnesium is required universally by chlorophylls
bearing plants as it is the Mg-porphyrin component of
the chlorophyll molecule and bearing a co-factor for
various intracellular enzymatic transformations (Wetzel,
1975), Magnesium, calcium and bicarbonates together
cause alkalinity and in association with carbonates,
sulphates chloride and magnesium cause hardness in
water (Jain and Jain 1988). In the present study
magnesium level was highest during winter and lowest
during summer while Saran and Adoni(1984) reported
maximum magnesium hardness during both the summer
and winter seasons.
Biological oxidation of reduced sulphur species
to sulphates also increases its concentration. Rainwater
has quite higher concentration of sulphate particularly in
the areas with high atmospheric pollution. Discharge of
agricultural runoff and domestic sewage in waters
increase its concentration. Most of the salts of the
sulphates are soluble in water as such, it is not
precipitated. However, it may undergo transformation to
sulphur and hydrogen sulphide depending upon the redox
potential of the water, (Trivedy and Goel 1984). In the
present study, sulphate level varied between 0.02 mg/1.
The lowest level was noticed in winter where as in
monsoon it was highest. The sulphates range was not so
wide season Azwise as well month wise during the two
years of study. The low concentration of sulphate in
winter appears due to presence of higher phytoplankton
population and domestic sewage. The present findings
are, thus, in accordance with Sneha (1986) . High
concentration of sulphate during monsoon might be due
to surface runoff which brings more suspended soils
along with organic and soluble salts ( Sneha, 1986; and
Singh, 2000).
A quality parameter of significance is the chloride
concentrations. Chloride concentration in natural water
results from the leaching of chloride from rocks and soils

with which water come in contact. Agricultural,
industrial and domestic waste waters discharged to
surface water are also source of chloride in the aquatic
system. Chlorine in Free State, which is used as
disinfectant, may be converted into chlorides or
combined with organic matter to form toxic compounds
(Adoni, 1985). Permissible limit of chloride level in
portable water is 200 mg/l (WHO 1972) however, level
up to 1000mg/l is safe for human consumption (IS
10500, 1983). Results of the present investigation
revealed that the chloride in water bodies is within the
permissible level and is suitable for portability. In the
present study lower values of chlorides were observed,
22.2 mg/l to 44.7 mg/l. The above finding are in
agreement with Ganpati (1960); Zafar(1964); Prakash
(1994); and Awasthi and Tiwari(2004).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are grateful to Shri B. V. Patil, Principal, Rani
Laxmibai College, Parola, Dist-Jalgaon, for providing
Sr. No. Parameters Tests
1 Rainfall Data provided by collector office Dist. Nandurbar.
2 Atmospheric Temperature Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer
3 Water Temperature Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer dipping in surface water up to 10cm.
4 pH Measured on spot collecting water samples by using portable water analysis kit.
5 Dissolved Oxygen Measured on the filled itself with the help of portable water analysis kit
6 Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Measured on spot by using portable water analysis kit
7 Calcium Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)
8 Magnesium Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)
9 Sulphates Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)
10 Chlorides Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) with silver nitrate.
Table 1: Physico-chemical parameters and their Tests
Figure 1: Seasonal Changes in the physico-chemical parameters of Rangawali dam during the year 2007-08

S.
No.
Months
RainFall
mm
Atmos.temp°CWatertemp°CpH
Dissolved
O2mg/lit
Dissolved
CO2mg/lit
Calcium
mg/lit
Magnesium
mg/lit
Sulphates
mg/lit
Chlorides
mg/lit
StationsA&BABABABABABABABABAB
1June-0729331.431.429.329.37.57.512.112.35.75.635.1536.151.51.50.0300.03075.1575.06
2July-0767429.329.027.527.57.57.513.713.74.24.234.0435.051.51.50.0300.03070.5672.21
3Aug-0733729.029.127.127.67.27.212.412.44.24.232.0932.461.71.7
0.030
0.03065.1671.41
4Sep-0715824.724.722.822.77.27.211.111.14.24.232.7232.181.61.60.0200.03058.0465.40
5Oct-076025.525.523.123.27.17.110.210.34.74.726.2327.151.51.50.0190.02058.0758.09
6Nov-070023.223.220.320.37.17.010.410.54.74.626.4126.032.02.00.0200.02058.1658.04
7Dec-070023.123.220.521.56.97.010.210.24.94.828.0628.112.32.30.0180.02062.2957.11
8Jan-080019.619.519.319.47.07.16.806.75.25.231.3330.052.12.10.0200.02567.4359.50
9Feb-080022.322.219.219.36.86.86.906.76.16.034.2134.001.71.60.0250.02970.0763.33
10Mar-080028.128.125.125.46.86.86.906.96.06.035.1134.241.51.50.0240.02971.3170.04
11Apr-080029.629.628.128.26.86.96.906.97.77.737.1737.041.51.40.0240.02774.5570.09
12May-087035.735.731.031.16.76.76.706.86.86.740.0440.321.51.50.0270.02772.0871.17
Table:1:Physico-chemicalParametersofRangawaliDam,Navapur,2007-2008

S.
No.
Months
RainFall
mm
Atmos.temp°CWatertemp°CpH
Dissolved
O2mg/lit
Dissolved
CO2mg/lit
Calcium
mg/lit
Magnesium
mg/lit
Sulphates
mg/lit
Chlorides
mg/lit
StationsA&BABABABABABABABABAB
1Jun-0812932.232.231.731.67.67.611.811.66.16.136.1036.001.31.30.0300.03075.0675.44
2Jul-0822430.330.429.129.27.67.512.012.04.34.335.4235.051.41.40.0280.03072.2172.15
3Aug-0829430.630.629.029.07.57.513.813.24.24.234.0933.131.71.70.0300.03071.4169.03
4Sep-0860027.027.025.325.37.67.612.212.24.34.233.0033.041.71.70.0180.01965.4065.04
5Oct-086525.125.023.123.27.37.310.610.64.54.533.2134.152.12.10.0180.01858.0958.16
6Nov-080023.023.221.021.57.17.110.410.35.15.228.0429.402.82.70.0170.01758.0458.40
7Dec-080020.220.118.218.37.07.110.110.15.35.227.1327.112.82.80.0190.01957.1157.00
8Jan-090020.320.518.318.97.17.18.99.05.35.327.0627.031.91.90.0270.02759.5060.05
9Feb-090025.525.723.723.16.96.98.28.66.26.132.0431.051.71.70.0270.02863.3363.22
10Mar-090027.827.825.225.76.96.97.67.67.57.537.0737.161.51.60.0250.02570.0470.43
11Apr-091530.130.128.528.56.86.97.07.08.18.239.1540.041.61.60.0270.02770.0970.07
12May-093735.034.031.531.26.86.87.17.38.78.239.0340.331.31.30.0290.02871.1771.09
Table:2Physico-chemicalParametersofRangawaliDam,Navapur,2008-2009

facilities and to Vice-principal Shri V. N. Koli for
constant co-operation and encouragement.
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