The document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It begins with an introduction and literature review on SHM. The key components of SHM systems including sensors, data acquisition, management, and interpretation are described. Common SHM methods like visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, and use of smart sensors are explained. Case studies on SHM applications for bridges and railway infrastructure are presented. The document concludes that SHM helps improve structural safety and performance through long-term health monitoring and maintenance.

1. Presented by
HITESH KUMAR
M.E 3RD SEM
JORHAT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

2.  Introduction
 Literature review
 Components of SHM
 Methods of SHM
 Smart sensors
 Preliminary studies using the berkeley-mote
platform
 Performance of the wireless monitoring system
Geumdang bridge, Korea
 Software used in shm
 Scope of further studies
 Conclusion

3. Combination of :
 Foundations,
 Basements,
 Columns,
 Beams,
 Slabs etc…

4.  Natural disasters,
 Lack of quality in control,
 Mismanagement in construction,
 Damages such as surface cracks, segregation,
settlements etc…

5. Damages due to earthquake
Source: www.outlookindia.com

6. Sichuan Earthquake,(southwest china) May 12, 2008

7. Changes in:
 Geometric properties ,
 Material properties,
 System connectivity…
which adversely affect the structure’s
performance.

9.  Rail road wheel tappers- used the sound of a hammer
when striked against the wheel of train to detect the
damage.
 In rotating machinery, vibration monitoring is used as a
performance evaluation technique.
 Then these techniques are utilized to detect the
damages in the structure, and then a new field emerged
namley Structural Health Monitiring

10. “The process of implementing a damage
detection and characterization strategy
for engineering structures”

11.  Performance enhancement of an existing structure
 Monitoring of structures affected by external factors
 Feedback loop to improve future design based on
experience
 The move towards performance-based design
philosophy

12.  Buildings (critical or even historical)
 Bridges
 Tunnels
 Wind Generators

13. Following parameters can be monitored:
 Deflection,
 Strain,
 Rotation,
 Temprature,
 Acceleration,
 Corrosion etc

14.  SHM improves - safety & functionality of structures.
 Monitoring - develop innovative design
 methodologies - timely warning of impending failures
 Structural condition monitoring and assessment
are required for timely and cost-effective maintenance.

15.  Embedment of sensors during construction and
measurement of structural responses during service will
enable condition assessment and remaining life
estimation easy and convenient
 Monitoring scheme helps to gather data on the realistic
performance of the structures, which in turn will help to
design better structures for the future.

16. SL NO AUTHOR PAPER ID SUMMARY RESULT
1 Xiao zhou Deployment of
a smart
structural health
monitoring
system for long
span arch
bridge a review
and a case study
The paper
reviews the
recent progress
of SHM
Technology that
has been
applied to long
span bridge.
A case study
about a SHM
system of a long
span arch
bridge
2 Indolia Yogesh,
Rai Gopal
Structural
Health
Monitorting, A
dire need of
India
In India due to
negligence and
non availability
of technology
SHM has not
been taken
seriously and
therefore miss
its full potential.
In this paper
SHM basics are
covered and
need for SHM
in the future
indian scenario.

17. 3 Gabar
Harpreet, Singh
Hardeep
Health
monitoring and
retrofitting of
structures a
review
SHM helps in
identifying the
damage at early
level of distress,
if any and
provides warning
of the unsafe
condition of the
structure
A review of
research studies
has been
presented to
provide on
outline on
structural health
monitoring and
retrofitting of
structures
4 Roy Koushik Earthquake
resistance of low-
cost engineered
housing in
northest India
What is SHM
Obejective of
SHM
Steps of SHM
Success of
ongoing health
monitoring
General
Description.

18. 5 Bolle Vinod
Kumar Santhosh
Review on
railway bridge &
track condition
monitoring
system
As railroad
bridges and
tracks are very
important
infrastructures,
which have direct
effect on railway
transportation,
there safety is
utmost priority
for railway
Railway bridge
and track,
wireless sensor
network, Base
station, sensor
nodes,
6 Sekhor Chandra
Punith Vidya
Railway track
structural health
analyzing system
Microcontroller,
IR sensor,
ultrasonic sensor
Proximity sensor
GSM use in
railway track
The collected
data can help in
finding the crack
and obstacle at
the railway track
and avoid the
major accidents
of railway.

19. Components of Shm
Source:www.phys.org.com

20.  Structure
 Sensors
 Data acquisition systems
 Data management
 Data transfer
 Data interpretation and diagnosis

21.  Sensors measure the physical quantity of
damage and sends it to computer
Strain measurement sensors
Source: www.mdpi.com

22.  Data acquisition is the process of sampling
signals that converts the resulting samples
into digital numeric values.
 Data management system manipulates the
management of data obtained from sensors.
 Data transfer systems are used to transfer the
data to systems which help in predicting the
failures of structures

23. DA System
Source: www.inspecta.com

24. Visual Inspection
 Fully experience-based
Non-Destructive Evaluation(NDE)
 Demands a high degree of expertise
 Time consuming and costly

25. Visual Inspection
Source:www.ctbuh.org

26. Ultrasonic Test
Source:
www.capgo.com

27. Sensitivities of common local NDE techniques (Bhalla, 2004).

28. Based on what to measure, different sensors
available
 Strain Gauges
 Accelerometers:
 Temperature Sensors and Monitoring
 Wind Measurement Sensors
 Seismic Sensors
 Load Cells

29. Load Cell (Force)
Source:
www.mdpi.com
LVDT (Displacement)
Source:www.outlookindia
.com

30. There are various smart sensors available
 Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Sensors
 Fiber-optic sensors (FOS)
 Wireless sensors
 MEMS
 PZT sensors
 BERKELEY-MOTE

31. FBG Sensor
Source:
www.sensquae.com

32. Berkeley-Mote (Mica2 and
Mica2dot) Processor Boards.

33.  Two test structures were mounted on a shaking table
 subject to the Kobe (Japan) earthquake.
 One Mica and a reference accelerometer were placed at
the top of the structures to measure the acceleration.
 The Mica was able to detect the damage; however data
loss during radio transmission and the sensitivity of the
accelerometer were identified as limiting factors.

34. Damage process of test
structure (Kurata)
Sensor’s records of test structure
(Kurata)

35.  To validate the performance of the wireless monitoring
system proposed, a dense network of wireless sensor
prototypes are installed during July 2005 in the
Geumdang Bridge located in Icheon, Korea
 A wireless monitoring system assembled from 14
wireless sensors is installed within the interior of the
concrete box girder. Attached to each wireless sensor is a
high sensitivity PCB Piezotronics 3801 accelerometer
(sensitivity is 0.7 V/g) oriented to measure the vertical
acceleration of the bridge

36.  The 14 wireless sensors are distributed evenly along
both sides of the box girder span.
 A laptop computer is used to serve as a coordinator of
the wireless monitoring system
 To excite the structure, three trucks with calibrated
weights are selected. The trucks are loaded until their
total weights are 15, 30 and 40 tons. The bridge is kept
closed to normal traffic during testing to ensure the
trucks can cross the bridge without interruption.
 The trucks are commanded to travel across the bridge
at fixed speeds ranging from 40 to 80 km/hr.

37. Wireless monitoring system for geumdang
Bridge
(Reference:R. Andrew Swartz, 2007)

38.  To identify the primary modal frequencies of the
instrumented bridge span, the acceleration response time
histories are transformed to the frequency domain using
the embedded FFT algorithm.
 After frequencies are identified, the wireless sensors
exchange their picked frequencies and collectively
decide which frequencies are probable modal
frequencies.
 Once the modal frequencies are decided, each wireless
sensor transmits the imaginary component of their
Fourier spectrum to the remainder of the network.
 The imaginary component of the Fourier spectrum is
correlated to the mode shape of the structure

39.  .
Comparison of box girder vertical acceleration
recorded during forced excitation using a 40ton
truck driving at 60 km/hr.

40. First four modes of the Geumdang Bridge (3.0,
4.4, 5.0, and 7.0 Hz)
(Reference: R. Andrew Swartz, 2007)

41. ISHMP Services Tool suite, version 3.1.0
 features primarily bug fixes and stability
improvements.
 This version of the software is currently in
use on two long term bridge monitoring
deployments.
Dynamo
 Dynamo is illustrated with an application on a
large span concrete arch bridge that is being
monitored since 2007

42.  Advancements in sensors and sensing systems
 Uses of smart sensing technology
 Smart sensors based on the Mote paradigm will provide
the impetus for development of the next generation of
structural health monitoring systems,

43.  The concept of structural health monitoring
helps to identify a damage detection of
structural system and consequently their
strength restoration.
 it has become important to monitor the
damage for its existence, location and extent
and retrofit the same to enhance its
performance features.

44.  Banerji Pradipta and Chikermane Sanjay (2014) “Structural
Health Monitoring for Life Extension of Railway Bridges:
Strategies and Outcomes” Civil Structural Health
Monitoring Workshop
 Bolle Vinod, Banoth Santhosh Kumar (2016) “review on
railway bridge &track condition monitoring system”
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and
Innovations in Technology
 Boller Christian (2010) “Structural Health Management of
Ageing Aircraft and Other Infrastructure” The University of
Sheffield Division of Aerospace Engineering

45. THANK YOU