Bridge monitoring systems can help detect deterioration in steel bridges to prevent expensive repairs or failures. These systems use sensors to monitor factors like strain, acceleration, and humidity that can indicate issues like cracking, scouring, or excessive impact loading. Consulting firms are offering bridge monitoring services using various sensor technologies, from wired systems to lower-cost wireless sensors. This document examines the services two consulting firms, URS and Intelligent Infrastructure Systems/Pennoni Associates, provide using bridge monitoring systems, including load rating evaluations, fatigue life assessment, and structural health monitoring.
The document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It begins with an introduction and literature review on SHM. The key components of SHM systems including sensors, data acquisition, management, and interpretation are described. Common SHM methods like visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, and use of smart sensors are explained. Case studies on SHM applications for bridges and railway infrastructure are presented. The document concludes that SHM helps improve structural safety and performance through long-term health monitoring and maintenance.
Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridgesijtsrd
Today bridge building has gained worldwide importance. Bridges are the key elements in every road network and the use of pre stressed girder bridges is becoming more and more popular in bridge construction due to their better stability, service friendliness, economy and durability, aesthetic and structural appearance. Typically reinforced concrete construction, steel construction or steel composite construction is used. In the case of high spans, reinforced concrete construction is uneconomical due to the larger span. , the cross section is used more efficiently than the reinforced concrete cross section. Pre stressed concrete is used for long span bridges with a span of more than 10 m. Conventionally, when calculating bridges, the superstructure and substructure are analyzed separately. The superstructure is usually a grid made up of main girders, transverse membranes and a deck slab. a grid of linear elements The columns of the main girders are anchored. The superstructure is examined according to IRC 62014 and according to IRC 182000 for unconsidered gravitational loads and moving vehicle loads. Reduction of the stress level and also of the deflection compared to the straight tendon profile. Avinash Kumar Vidyarthi | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Rohit Sahu "Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46362.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46362/analysis-of-prestressed-concrete-girder-for-bridges/avinash-kumar-vidyarthi
IOT SENSORS: A KEY ELEMENT TO CHANGE THE FUTURE OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITO...PRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV
This document summarizes a paper on using IoT sensors for structural health monitoring. It introduces structural health monitoring and how IoT sensors can benefit the process by enabling real-time monitoring. It discusses two case studies that implemented IoT sensor networks to monitor large structures: a freeway interchange in Montreal and the Great Mosque of Mecca. The case studies demonstrated how IoT sensors can help identify damage, vibrations, and structural shifts. The document also reviews literature on previous IoT-based structural health monitoring systems and frameworks.
The document describes the analysis and design of a steel truss footbridge with an isolated foundation. It discusses modeling the superstructure in STAAD PRO and Tekla Structure software. The bridge is a 9.63m high steel structure. Methodology includes drafting plans in AutoCAD, modeling in Tekla Structure, analysis in STAAD PRO, material properties, design of truss components, fabrication of steel, and conclusion. A modified queen post steel truss is analyzed and designed to be economical, safe, and easily assembled for pedestrian use.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Structural Health Monitoring for Bridges are used for assessment as well as prioritizing which bridge needs repair or upgrade urgently. Dynamic Tests can be used to estimate the load carrying capacity of bridges
Prsentation on structural health monitoringLakshmi K N
Structural health monitoring (SHM) uses sensors and data analysis techniques to monitor structures for damage or changes over time. The document discusses using an Internet of Things approach for SHM, extracting structural features from sensor measurements. It then defines SHM as monitoring engineering structures over time using sensor data to determine the current health state. The proposed system would recognize earthquake vibrations, detect damage from earthquakes or rain, and reduce power consumption in buildings depending on occupancy. It uses different sensor modules connected wirelessly to monitor vibrations, damage, and power use.
The document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It begins with an introduction and literature review on SHM. The key components of SHM systems including sensors, data acquisition, management, and interpretation are described. Common SHM methods like visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, and use of smart sensors are explained. Case studies on SHM applications for bridges and railway infrastructure are presented. The document concludes that SHM helps improve structural safety and performance through long-term health monitoring and maintenance.
Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridgesijtsrd
Today bridge building has gained worldwide importance. Bridges are the key elements in every road network and the use of pre stressed girder bridges is becoming more and more popular in bridge construction due to their better stability, service friendliness, economy and durability, aesthetic and structural appearance. Typically reinforced concrete construction, steel construction or steel composite construction is used. In the case of high spans, reinforced concrete construction is uneconomical due to the larger span. , the cross section is used more efficiently than the reinforced concrete cross section. Pre stressed concrete is used for long span bridges with a span of more than 10 m. Conventionally, when calculating bridges, the superstructure and substructure are analyzed separately. The superstructure is usually a grid made up of main girders, transverse membranes and a deck slab. a grid of linear elements The columns of the main girders are anchored. The superstructure is examined according to IRC 62014 and according to IRC 182000 for unconsidered gravitational loads and moving vehicle loads. Reduction of the stress level and also of the deflection compared to the straight tendon profile. Avinash Kumar Vidyarthi | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Rohit Sahu "Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46362.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46362/analysis-of-prestressed-concrete-girder-for-bridges/avinash-kumar-vidyarthi
IOT SENSORS: A KEY ELEMENT TO CHANGE THE FUTURE OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITO...PRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV
This document summarizes a paper on using IoT sensors for structural health monitoring. It introduces structural health monitoring and how IoT sensors can benefit the process by enabling real-time monitoring. It discusses two case studies that implemented IoT sensor networks to monitor large structures: a freeway interchange in Montreal and the Great Mosque of Mecca. The case studies demonstrated how IoT sensors can help identify damage, vibrations, and structural shifts. The document also reviews literature on previous IoT-based structural health monitoring systems and frameworks.
The document describes the analysis and design of a steel truss footbridge with an isolated foundation. It discusses modeling the superstructure in STAAD PRO and Tekla Structure software. The bridge is a 9.63m high steel structure. Methodology includes drafting plans in AutoCAD, modeling in Tekla Structure, analysis in STAAD PRO, material properties, design of truss components, fabrication of steel, and conclusion. A modified queen post steel truss is analyzed and designed to be economical, safe, and easily assembled for pedestrian use.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Structural Health Monitoring for Bridges are used for assessment as well as prioritizing which bridge needs repair or upgrade urgently. Dynamic Tests can be used to estimate the load carrying capacity of bridges
Prsentation on structural health monitoringLakshmi K N
Structural health monitoring (SHM) uses sensors and data analysis techniques to monitor structures for damage or changes over time. The document discusses using an Internet of Things approach for SHM, extracting structural features from sensor measurements. It then defines SHM as monitoring engineering structures over time using sensor data to determine the current health state. The proposed system would recognize earthquake vibrations, detect damage from earthquakes or rain, and reduce power consumption in buildings depending on occupancy. It uses different sensor modules connected wirelessly to monitor vibrations, damage, and power use.
The document summarizes the response spectrum method of analysis for evaluating seismic design forces on structures. It discusses that the method converts a dynamic analysis into a partial dynamic and partial static analysis. Key steps include performing a modal analysis to obtain mode shapes and frequencies, using the acceleration response spectrum to derive equivalent static loads for each vibration mode, and combining modal responses using various rules to obtain the total maximum structural response. The method provides an approximate but effective technique for seismic analysis of structures.
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Application in Infrastructure Systems ...mohammad noori
An overview of current work in application of AI in intelligent infrastructure systems. Presented at an International Symposium Organized by the Institute of Scientific Research, Department of Transportation of China.
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Design of Bridges taught in the second semester at Valliammai Engineering College. It includes questions divided into parts A, B and C covering two units - short span bridges and design principles of long span RC bridges. The questions test different cognitive levels ranging from remember to evaluate and cover topics such as types of bridges, loading standards, design of slab bridges, box girder bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, arch bridges and box culverts. Design problems related to the analysis and design of bridges under different loadings are also included.
Smart Sensors for Infrastructure and Structural Health MonitoringJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how smart sensors are becoming more economically feasible and more widely used in infrastructure. This is enabling greater monitoring and self-healing of structures. Twenty years ago, it was improvements in MEMS, piezo-electric ceramics, and ultrasonic sensors that was enabling structural health monitoring. More recently, it has been improvements in fiber optic sensors, wireless sensors and RFID tags that are enabling this monitoring. Today, it is the falling cost of these components and their combination with more recently available ones such as ionomers (a type of polymer), carbon nano-tubes, and energy harvesters. Improvements in these sensors have enabled the absolute cost of sensors and their percentage of costs in for example bridges to fall over the last 20 years to fall. These trends are expected to continue and become applicable to a broader number of structures including buildings and vehicles.
Coupling Beams Design in High-Rise Core-Wall Structures
Shear wall structures are most important lateral-force-resisting-systems that have been shown to be
very efficient in resisting seismic loads. But previous earthquake damages showed that the coupling
beams were easily damaged in the earthquake and it was often used as an energy dissipation part in structures.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
This document provides a summary of IS 800:2007, the Indian Standard Code of Practice for general construction in steel. Some key points:
- IS 800 covers general steel construction using hot rolled sections joined by riveting, bolting or welding. It provides guidance on loads, analysis methods, design requirements, fabrication and erection.
- The standard has been revised to update it based on the latest developments in steel construction technology and allow use of new varieties of structural steel produced in India.
- The revision was carried out by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras with support from the Institute of Steel Development and Growth. It references other Indian and international standards.
- Key changes in the revision include expanding
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
Muravin The fundamentals of Structural Health Monitoring using Acoustic Emis...mboria
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an emerging field of modern engineering that deals with diagnosis and monitoring of structures during their operation. Increasing requirements for safety, development of tools and criteria for condition based maintenance (CBM), cost reduction are all driving development of SHM methods in different industries. The primary goal of SHM is detection, identification, assessment and monitoring of flaws or faults/conditions that affect or may affect in a future safety or performance of structures. SHM combines elements of non-destructive testing and evaluation, condition/process monitoring, statistical pattern recognition and physical modeling. Acoustic emission method uniquely fits to the concept of SHM due to its capabilities to examine, monitor structures and assess structural integrity during their normal operation.
In this work, the fundamental definitions and principles of application of Acoustic Emission as a method of SHM are elaborated. This includes:
• Recommended terminology and definitions of SHM by the AE method.
• Outline of recommended process of AE SHM.
• Fundamental assumptions and principals regarding development of new SHM procedures, selection of equipment and methods of data acquisition and analysis, diagnosis, monitoring and prediction by AE SHM.
The developed principals provide an outline for systematic and standard development of new SHM applications based on Acoustic Emission method.
A PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI STOREY(G 6) RESIDENTIAL BUIL...Jasmine Dixon
The document describes a project report on the analysis and design of a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes the title page with names of students, guide, and department. It discusses literature review on different analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures like flexibility coefficient method, slope displacement method, Kani's method, approximate method. It provides details of the building like utility, number of stories, shape, apartments, lifts etc. It describes design assumptions, material properties, and load considerations as per codes.
The document discusses submerged floating tunnels (SFTs). SFTs are tube structures made of steel and concrete that float underwater, supported by cables anchored to the seafloor or pontoons at the surface. SFTs are considered for crossing bodies of water that are too deep for conventional bridges or tunnels. They can be constructed using positive or negative buoyancy and their shape is optimized to reduce stresses during installation and operation. SFTs provide advantages over bridges such as allowing crossings in extremely deep water and having minimal environmental impacts.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructureMECandPMV
Saeed Kia presents information on structural health monitoring (SHM). The document discusses what SHM is, including damage detection and characterization. It provides examples of SHM applications in buildings, bridges, tunnels, and other structures. The document also presents two case studies: health monitoring during erection of a stadium truss and health monitoring of a data center to prevent vibrations from affecting computing systems.
Analysis and Design of Commercial Building using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a G+3 commercial building using ETABS software. Soil testing was conducted on the site and the soil properties were determined. A 3D model of the building was created in ETABS with defined material properties and loads. Structural analysis was performed to determine member forces and deflections. The beams, columns, slab, and footing were then designed according to IS code provisions and reinforced detailing was generated. The results obtained from ETABS were verified through manual calculations. The software was found to save time in analysis and design compared to manual methods.
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
M.Tech Structural Engineering Project on Voided and Cellular Bridge introductionvaignan
This document discusses the analysis of voided and cellular bridge deck structures using the Midas-Civil software. It provides background on voided slab and cellular slab bridges, including their advantages and disadvantages. The literature review found that no previous studies have analyzed these deck types specifically using Midas-Civil. Therefore, the project aims to perform this analysis and compare the manual and Midas-Civil results. The schedule outlines initial manual analysis followed by modeling in Midas-Civil to validate the hand calculations.
This document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It defines SHM as using damage detection techniques to monitor critical structures like bridges and buildings. The purpose of SHM is to enhance performance, monitor structures affected by external factors, and provide feedback to improve future designs. The key steps of SHM involve visual inspections, non-destructive evaluation techniques, and vibration-based monitoring using various sensors. Challenges to SHM include developing reliable wireless sensor networks and smart control units to efficiently monitor large structures over long periods.
Structural health monitoring uses sensors and data collection techniques to monitor structures for damage or changes over time. This improves safety, reliability and reduces costs. The document discusses using P3HT, a conductive polymer, for sensors as it displays electro-chemical sensing abilities. SHM involves identifying critical damage types, data acquisition from sensors, signal processing, and statistical modeling to correlate responses to damage types.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGE UNDER TRAFFIC INDUCED VIBRATIONIAEME Publication
Many research studies have been carried out based on the ambient vibration test on different types of bridge. In present study, an ambient excitation is used to find the fundamental frequency of vibration of a concrete box girder bridge. Dynamics characteristics of the bridge are identified through traffic induced vibration. The bridge vibration can be recorded for 24 hours using an accelerometer installed on the bridge. The acceleration time histories are recorded using data acquisition system (National Instruments) and recorded signal data were processed using modal analysis performed by using Stochastic Subspace Identification (Time Domain method). The vibration parameters such as modal frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratio were identified for tested bridge.
The document summarizes the response spectrum method of analysis for evaluating seismic design forces on structures. It discusses that the method converts a dynamic analysis into a partial dynamic and partial static analysis. Key steps include performing a modal analysis to obtain mode shapes and frequencies, using the acceleration response spectrum to derive equivalent static loads for each vibration mode, and combining modal responses using various rules to obtain the total maximum structural response. The method provides an approximate but effective technique for seismic analysis of structures.
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Application in Infrastructure Systems ...mohammad noori
An overview of current work in application of AI in intelligent infrastructure systems. Presented at an International Symposium Organized by the Institute of Scientific Research, Department of Transportation of China.
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Design of Bridges taught in the second semester at Valliammai Engineering College. It includes questions divided into parts A, B and C covering two units - short span bridges and design principles of long span RC bridges. The questions test different cognitive levels ranging from remember to evaluate and cover topics such as types of bridges, loading standards, design of slab bridges, box girder bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, arch bridges and box culverts. Design problems related to the analysis and design of bridges under different loadings are also included.
Smart Sensors for Infrastructure and Structural Health MonitoringJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how smart sensors are becoming more economically feasible and more widely used in infrastructure. This is enabling greater monitoring and self-healing of structures. Twenty years ago, it was improvements in MEMS, piezo-electric ceramics, and ultrasonic sensors that was enabling structural health monitoring. More recently, it has been improvements in fiber optic sensors, wireless sensors and RFID tags that are enabling this monitoring. Today, it is the falling cost of these components and their combination with more recently available ones such as ionomers (a type of polymer), carbon nano-tubes, and energy harvesters. Improvements in these sensors have enabled the absolute cost of sensors and their percentage of costs in for example bridges to fall over the last 20 years to fall. These trends are expected to continue and become applicable to a broader number of structures including buildings and vehicles.
Coupling Beams Design in High-Rise Core-Wall Structures
Shear wall structures are most important lateral-force-resisting-systems that have been shown to be
very efficient in resisting seismic loads. But previous earthquake damages showed that the coupling
beams were easily damaged in the earthquake and it was often used as an energy dissipation part in structures.
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
This document provides a summary of IS 800:2007, the Indian Standard Code of Practice for general construction in steel. Some key points:
- IS 800 covers general steel construction using hot rolled sections joined by riveting, bolting or welding. It provides guidance on loads, analysis methods, design requirements, fabrication and erection.
- The standard has been revised to update it based on the latest developments in steel construction technology and allow use of new varieties of structural steel produced in India.
- The revision was carried out by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras with support from the Institute of Steel Development and Growth. It references other Indian and international standards.
- Key changes in the revision include expanding
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
Muravin The fundamentals of Structural Health Monitoring using Acoustic Emis...mboria
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an emerging field of modern engineering that deals with diagnosis and monitoring of structures during their operation. Increasing requirements for safety, development of tools and criteria for condition based maintenance (CBM), cost reduction are all driving development of SHM methods in different industries. The primary goal of SHM is detection, identification, assessment and monitoring of flaws or faults/conditions that affect or may affect in a future safety or performance of structures. SHM combines elements of non-destructive testing and evaluation, condition/process monitoring, statistical pattern recognition and physical modeling. Acoustic emission method uniquely fits to the concept of SHM due to its capabilities to examine, monitor structures and assess structural integrity during their normal operation.
In this work, the fundamental definitions and principles of application of Acoustic Emission as a method of SHM are elaborated. This includes:
• Recommended terminology and definitions of SHM by the AE method.
• Outline of recommended process of AE SHM.
• Fundamental assumptions and principals regarding development of new SHM procedures, selection of equipment and methods of data acquisition and analysis, diagnosis, monitoring and prediction by AE SHM.
The developed principals provide an outline for systematic and standard development of new SHM applications based on Acoustic Emission method.
A PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI STOREY(G 6) RESIDENTIAL BUIL...Jasmine Dixon
The document describes a project report on the analysis and design of a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes the title page with names of students, guide, and department. It discusses literature review on different analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures like flexibility coefficient method, slope displacement method, Kani's method, approximate method. It provides details of the building like utility, number of stories, shape, apartments, lifts etc. It describes design assumptions, material properties, and load considerations as per codes.
The document discusses submerged floating tunnels (SFTs). SFTs are tube structures made of steel and concrete that float underwater, supported by cables anchored to the seafloor or pontoons at the surface. SFTs are considered for crossing bodies of water that are too deep for conventional bridges or tunnels. They can be constructed using positive or negative buoyancy and their shape is optimized to reduce stresses during installation and operation. SFTs provide advantages over bridges such as allowing crossings in extremely deep water and having minimal environmental impacts.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructureMECandPMV
Saeed Kia presents information on structural health monitoring (SHM). The document discusses what SHM is, including damage detection and characterization. It provides examples of SHM applications in buildings, bridges, tunnels, and other structures. The document also presents two case studies: health monitoring during erection of a stadium truss and health monitoring of a data center to prevent vibrations from affecting computing systems.
Analysis and Design of Commercial Building using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a G+3 commercial building using ETABS software. Soil testing was conducted on the site and the soil properties were determined. A 3D model of the building was created in ETABS with defined material properties and loads. Structural analysis was performed to determine member forces and deflections. The beams, columns, slab, and footing were then designed according to IS code provisions and reinforced detailing was generated. The results obtained from ETABS were verified through manual calculations. The software was found to save time in analysis and design compared to manual methods.
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
Workshop under the Capacity Building Programme of the Southern Road Connectivity Project / Expressway Connectivity Improvement Plan Project, March 2016
M.Tech Structural Engineering Project on Voided and Cellular Bridge introductionvaignan
This document discusses the analysis of voided and cellular bridge deck structures using the Midas-Civil software. It provides background on voided slab and cellular slab bridges, including their advantages and disadvantages. The literature review found that no previous studies have analyzed these deck types specifically using Midas-Civil. Therefore, the project aims to perform this analysis and compare the manual and Midas-Civil results. The schedule outlines initial manual analysis followed by modeling in Midas-Civil to validate the hand calculations.
This document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It defines SHM as using damage detection techniques to monitor critical structures like bridges and buildings. The purpose of SHM is to enhance performance, monitor structures affected by external factors, and provide feedback to improve future designs. The key steps of SHM involve visual inspections, non-destructive evaluation techniques, and vibration-based monitoring using various sensors. Challenges to SHM include developing reliable wireless sensor networks and smart control units to efficiently monitor large structures over long periods.
Structural health monitoring uses sensors and data collection techniques to monitor structures for damage or changes over time. This improves safety, reliability and reduces costs. The document discusses using P3HT, a conductive polymer, for sensors as it displays electro-chemical sensing abilities. SHM involves identifying critical damage types, data acquisition from sensors, signal processing, and statistical modeling to correlate responses to damage types.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGE UNDER TRAFFIC INDUCED VIBRATIONIAEME Publication
Many research studies have been carried out based on the ambient vibration test on different types of bridge. In present study, an ambient excitation is used to find the fundamental frequency of vibration of a concrete box girder bridge. Dynamics characteristics of the bridge are identified through traffic induced vibration. The bridge vibration can be recorded for 24 hours using an accelerometer installed on the bridge. The acceleration time histories are recorded using data acquisition system (National Instruments) and recorded signal data were processed using modal analysis performed by using Stochastic Subspace Identification (Time Domain method). The vibration parameters such as modal frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratio were identified for tested bridge.
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION OF AN AUTOMATED VISUAL INSPECTION SYSTEManil badiger
This document discusses the advantages and limitations of automated visual inspection systems compared to human inspectors and test jigs. It summarizes the key benefits and drawbacks of each approach. While visual inspection systems offer benefits like consistency and the ability to work 24/7, they also have limitations such as an inability to emulate human intelligence. The document concludes that a combination of automated inspection augmented by human inspectors can improve overall quality control by reducing errors, but that careful evaluation is needed to identify the right solution for each company's unique needs.
DELHI METRO UNDERGROUND TUNNELING : SHAHBAZ KHAN DMRCAl Hakam Khan
The document provides information about the Delhi Metro Rail system and discusses some sites visited during a vocational training program. It summarizes key details about 5 different sites: 1) Jama Masjid station where bottom-up tunneling methods were used due to rocky soil, 2) Mandi House station where soldier pile installation and concrete pouring were observed, 3) ITO station where top-down tunneling was used, 4) the casting yard in Mundka where tunnel segments were formed, and 5) the batching plant in Sarai Kale Khan. Tunnel boring machines and laser distometers were also briefly described.
Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves implementing a strategy to detect and characterize damage in engineering structures. It uses sensors to measure responses and detect changes that could indicate damage. The data is processed to extract features and develop statistical models to distinguish between damaged and undamaged structures. SHM is important as it improves safety, allows for timely maintenance, and helps develop better future designs by providing real-world performance data. While sensors cannot directly measure damage, SHM uses the sensor data to provide damage information through feature extraction and analysis.
AWS re:Invent 2016: Monitoring, Hold the Infrastructure: Getting the Most fro...Amazon Web Services
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2. Abstract
With steel bridges representing approximately 34 percent of the over 600,000 highway bridges in
the United States, continual monitoring and early detection of deterioration in these structures is
vital to prevent expensive repairs or catastrophic failures. As one may be aware over two
hundred million trips are taken across deficient bridges each year. In total, one in nine of the
nation’s bridges are rated as structurally deficient, and the average age of the 607,380 bridges in
America is 42 years. The Federal Highway Administration estimates that to eliminate the
nation’s bridge deficient backlog by 2028, the government would need to invest $20.5 billion
annually, while only $12.8 billion is being spent currently.
Typically structures at risk for catastrophic failure are susceptible to scouring, fatigue,
progressive cracking or any other progressive structural deficiency. Bridge monitoring system(s)
(herein referred to as BMS) can determine structural integrity and warn of excessive and sudden
impact loading. Additionally, monitoring systems can provide overall bridge health information
such as wind speed, three-axis acceleration, humidity and strain loading. These systems provide
the advantage of having the ability to locate damage in areas where access is limited or
impossible. The data collected on a daily basis will help owners and maintenance authorities
make rational decisions in allocating maintenance and repair of bridges.
The goal of this study is to determine if/ how CHA may use BMS to improve and expand our
bridge inspection/evaluation capabilities and services we can offer. The research looks into the
various technologies that are on the market, limitations BMS might have, how others are
currently using it and its possible advantages to bridge owners and CHA. The primary
deliverable will include determining the feasibility of CHA using BMS to expand market share,
up-front/ development costs that CHA would need to expand and the potential benefit to CHA.
3. Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Bridge Monitoring Technologies 1
BMS Services by other Consulting Firms 2
Case Studies 4
URS 4
IIS, Pennoni 5
Advantages to the Owner 7
Services CHA can provide 7
Cost 8
How are Bridge Owners Using BMS 8
Research and Development Use 9
Conclusion 9
Appendix
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Sensors Required per Span 8
Figure 2: Real world application and layout 8
(Performance Monitoring, Gangone, Whelan, Fuchs, Janoyan)
4. 1
Introduction
Metal fatigue in bridges begins with tiny fatigue cracks caused by the constant movement of car
and truck traffic. These cracks usually initiate at the fatigue prone areas of the bridge and grow
under repetitive loads until they can reach a critical size and eventually cause structural failure.
To tackle this problem, engineers require the ability to determine the presence of fatigue cracks,
calculate the rate of growth, and identify at what stage of fatigue the structure is in. They also
need to track many other things that can contribute to failure. Currently most companies and
agencies use only visual inspection as a means of making sure the bridges are safe and
adequately aging with no/minimal signs of deterioration. Sreenivas Alampalli of NYSDOT says,
“Bridge Monitoring using instrumentation is only used occasionally, on a bridge-by-bridge basis,
when there is a need for such monitoring to supplement visual inspection data. “
Bridge Monitoring Technologies
Bridge failures are typically monitored through visual inspections and nondestructive testing, but
now new technologies are being used to help improve the accuracy and preventive techniques for
bridge monitoring. The typical BMS available are the sensors presented for smart bridges. This
wired system monitors the possible bridge failures as well as the overall structural health of the
bridge. This can be seen on the 1-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge, which allows for the
maintenance to occur sooner before bridge maintenance issues become costly. The sensors are
connected through a network of cables to transmit the data, which creates high initial installation
costs, and can limit the placement of some of the sensors. The I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge
contains a total of 62 sensors, which include 26 accelerometers, 12 linear potentiometers, and 24
strain gauges spread over the 1,200 foot span of the bridge.
The accelerometer uses vibrations to account for the vertical movement of the bridge, the linear
potentiometers are used to account for the movement associated with the expansion or
displacement of the joints. The strain gages were embedded in the concrete to measure the tensile
and compressive stresses. They were inserted while the concrete was curing. The sensors were
synced with the data acquisition systems that had to be placed at each of the eight nodes on the
bridge. A node is an area of the bridge that is a major stress point, such as at each of the piers as
well as the worst loading case, which is the center point between any given set of piers and
abutments. All the nodes are then synced to a timer for accurate data retrieval. This technology
can total also be seen on the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge in Missouri which totaled a typical
cost of $1.3 million dollars, but this bridge was 2,086 ft long, nearly doubling the span of the I-
35W bridge.
An alternative to the expensive wired sensor system would be the new low cost wireless smart
sensors on the market. This is a cheaper alternative and can be more easily applied to the
thousands of aging bridges currently in the US. This technology was first implemented on the
Jindo Bridge in Korea in 2009, in a joint venture with University of Illinois-Urban Champaign.
This bridge contains 71 nodes and 427 sensors. Sensor boards were added to measure
accelerations, temperature, humidity, and light. (University of Illinois) Accelerometers and ultra-
sonic anemometers were added later. This increased the number of nodes to 113. This type of
monitoring system measures the modal properties of the bridge to monitor structural
performance and damage conditions. The system, can also monitor the tension force in the cables
5. 2
using a vibration method. The cost of the wireless sensors is significantly lower, $100 versus
$15,000 per sensor. This allows for more sensors to be added to a given structure for improved
data collection of bridge monitoring information. With improvements in data retrieval, small and
large engineering firms are entering the market of BMS services.
BMS Services by other Consulting Firms
There are two different consulting firms that will be presented here.
URS is a global consulting firm of more than 50,000 employees. At the time of this paper,
AECOM has announced the acquisition of URS. Based out of Maryland, URS has complete in-
house capabilities. They “own multiple state-of-the-art test control and data acquisition systems
with wireless communication and solar capabilities, plus a suite of sensors and transducers for
the measurement of strain, displacement, crack movement, tilt, acceleration, and temperature.”
“Since 1994, URS has evaluated over 80 bridges of different structural types across the United
States using a variety of instrumentation and/or analysis techniques.” URS’s division of bridge
instrumentation and evaluation was started by a PhD in 1994.
URS offers the following applications through their division of bridge instrumentation and
evaluation:
Load Rating for Strength Evaluation: Helps understand actual structural behavior to
identify and quantify inherent load carrying mechanisms that are not considered in
conventional analysis. Usually results in improved load ratings.
Fatigue Life Assessment and Crack Repairs for Steel Bridges: Field measurement of
stress histograms at areas of concern quantify live load and temperature effects for
evaluation and retrofit of fatigue cracks, or assessment of remaining fatigue lives.
Tension Assessment in Cables or Post-Tensioning (P-T) Bars: Nondestructive Taut Cable
Vibration Measurement (TCVM) method for accurate determination of existing tension
in cables or Post-Tension bars.
Diagnosis/Retrofit of Structural Problems: Field measurements of key strains, movements
of aged/dysfunctional expansion bearings/joints, opening/closing of existing cracks, or
structural vibration characteristics are used to diagnose and develop effective retrofit
solutions.
(Continuous) Structural Health Monitoring: Provides value to bridge maintenance and
repair decisions using strains in and displacements/tilt of key elements, movement of
expansion bearings, and vibrations of flexible members reflect actual structural behavior
as well as magnitudes and distribution of loads including vehicles, temperature, and
winds.
Balancing, Performance Evaluation, and Problem Diagnosis of Movable Spans:
Balancing of trunnion-type bascules, lift, rolling lift, or swing spans can be evaluated
6. 3
through field instrumentation by continuously recording the torque in the driving shafts
and/or hydraulic pressures in the driving cylinders as well as the motion of the leaves
during opening and closing.
Courtesy: URS Literature by
Y. Edward Zhou, PhD, PE
National Practice Leader - Bridge Instrumentation & Evaluation
Intelligent Infrastructure Systems (IIS) got its start in Philadelphia from two PhD’s from Drexel
University and they are still principals in the company today. At some point IIS became a
subsidiary of Pennoni Associates also based out of Philadelphia through an acquisition. Pennoni
Associates now employs more than 950 people. IIS’s goal is to be their own company in order to
better market their services to a wide range of companies instead of just Pennoni Associates.
Today, IIS uses PhD’s and PE’s to analyze a bridge and work with the bridge engineer to
develop a solution.
IIS offers the following applications:
Structural Testing
o Emergency Assessment Response (Fire, impact, etc.)
o Assessment of Overload Vulnerability
o Advanced Load Rating
o Prognosis of Deterioration & Structural Damage
o Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
o Vibration Diagnosis & Mitigation
o Identification of Critical Members
Structural Health
o Structural Health Monitoring
o Continuous Performance Monitoring
o Fatigue Assessment & Monitoring
o Construction & Retrofit Monitoring
Asset Management
o Asset Management
o Clustering & Stratification to Guide Maintenance
o Development of Custom Inspection Procedures
o Operation Management
o Risk-Based Prioritization for Maintenance & Replacement
o Support for Maintenance & Capital Improvement Programs
Courtesy: iisengineering.com, pennoni.com &
Andrew Katz, CPSM
IIS Marketing Manager
7. 4
Case Studies
A few case studies from each firm are presented below.
URS:
North Carolina (2008-2010) – 9 bridges statewide:
o Finite Element Analysis and Diagnostic Load Testing for Load Rating: Bridges
constructed between 1930’s and 1950’s including steel beams with non-
composite RC deck, reinforced concrete (RC) slab, RC box culvert, and RC T-
beams. Previous analysis based on conventional methods resulted in weight
postings. Analysis resulted in weight postings being removed with specific repair
actions recommended for identified deteriorations.
Allegheny County, PA (2012-2013):
o Continuous remote wireless monitoring and performance evaluation of steel deck
truss:, A 12-month analysis was performed on this three span continuous,
riveted steel deck truss with a pin connected suspended span built in 1940.
Powered by solar energy the testing included displacements at truss expansion
bearings and pins, tilt of a pier and rocker bearings, and strains in select truss
members due to daily and seasonal temperature changes. A 3-D finite element
model was also established for correlation. Results provided guidance to load
rating and rehab alternatives.
8. 5
Maryland (2006-2011) – I-68 over MD Route 55:
o Field instrumentation/monitoring and fatigue evaluation and retrofit of welded
steel girder bridge: Previously repaired connections had reoccurring distortion
induced fatigue cracks between the main girders and floor beams. Scope
included special inspections, finite element analysis, field instrumentation and
wireless monitoring, development of fatigue retrofit concept, and verification
load test using multiple test trucks upon completion of retrofit construction.
Courtesy: URS Literature by
Y. Edward Zhou, PhD, PE
National Practice Leader - Bridge Instrumentation & Evaluation
Intelligent Infrastructure Systems (IIS):
Throgs Neck Bridge, NY
o Seismic Study & Suspended Span Deck Replacement Feasibility Study: Pennoni
provided engineering services and field instrumentation testing for the ambient
vibration monitoring and modal characterization of the Throgs Neck Bridge. This
identified 3D model shapes for the towers and main suspended span
superstructure. The instrumentation plan was designed based on previous
experiences with long-span bridges in order to best mitigate the uncertainty in
field testing of large constructed systems.
9. 6
Easton-Phillipsburgh Toll Bridge
o Rehabilitation Concept/Scoping Study: Opened to traffic in 1938. The main river
bridge consists of a 540-foot Petit through-truss span over the river, a 430-foot
five-span plate-girder viaduct at the New Jersey approach, and a 40 foot pre-
stressed concrete box beam span over Pennsylvania Route 611 on the
Pennsylvania approach. In 2010, the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission
hired Pennoni Associates to evaluate the condition, vulnerabilities and
performance of the bridge through a comprehensive approach that merged
conventional engineering practices with advanced sensing and simulation
technologies. High speed strain gages were used to capture live load response,
vibrating wire gages to capture temperature induced response, and a suite of
accelerometers to capture ambient vibration response. Each of these sensing
applications were developed to inform the most uncertain aspects of the
bridge’s performance and were designed based on the results of a series of
simulations from a detailed 3D finite element model. These sensing and
simulation studies were able to demonstrate that the live load stresses in the
critical tension members were quite small and that the bridge (under current
operating conditions) can be expected to have infinite fatigue life. Additionally, it
was demonstrated that the floor system and wind braces were acting
redundantly with the bottom chord, so significant reserve capacity was available.
Given the desirable performance observed, no major retrofit was required.
However, to ensure that the bottom chord redundancy was maintained, some
repairs to deteriorated connections within the wind-bracing system were
recommended.
Courtesy: Pennoni.com
10. 7
Advantages to the Owner
BMS “help owners to assess aging infrastructure using advances in information, sensing and
communication technologies that have developed over the past decade.” “Given the very high
concentration of aging transportation and water infrastructure in the Northeastern US, many
infrastructure owners find themselves with extensive maintenance and preservation needs but
limited funding.” Through integrated simulation, sensor and information technology approach,
BMS can provide detailed and reliable information on the actual integrity of specific bridges.
This can directly aid clients in making sound business decisions on how to best spend their
limited financial resources. In addition, BMS can also assist in providing detailed maintenance
and/or renewal plans that focus resources where the largest benefit is possible. This allows
bridge owners to focus their rehabilitation, renewal and presentation efforts, as well as their
valued funding, on the precise areas of the inventory that need it the most. Applying continuous
bridge monitoring can possibly reduce the amount of inspections as well as the ability to flag
something that is not right. It is a great supplement to visual inspections and can allow the visual
inspections to be focused on a certain issue that was flagged by the system. Given these benefits
how can CHA get involved?
Courtesy: pennoni.com & campbellssci.com
Services CHA can provide
CHA expansion into new markets is critical for future growth as well as a more widely known
brand. BMS can provide the opportunity for the transportation structures group to expand and
become more diverse. Using BMS as a base, it is also possible to develop systems for other
sectors within CHA. Some of these markets include Gas and Utilities, Rail and Aviation.
Since CHA currently does bridge work in Colonie, Buffalo, Indianapolis, Rocky Hill, Evansville,
Atlanta, Scranton, South Bend, Nashville and Columbus it would be fairly easy to expand and
get these systems into those locations. The main contingency that controls this whole operation is
whether or not CHA can partner with a software engineering or development firm to design and
build a central database system. Assuming this can be developed; all regional and mobile offices
can communicate with this database and share information regarding the network of national
bridges.
Another service CHA can provide with this system is consulting. This would mean going after
existing clients with new services as well as new services to new clients. (Courtesy to Mark
Tebbano for the business building outline). CHA would provide: program formulation and
planning, design of a system, implementation, and analysis. Professional engineers and project
engineers would oversee the first three items of that list and technicians would handle the
analysis and going out to the bridge and gathering other information/checking sensors for
damage and wear. This lowers the cost per person working on the project in hopes of complying
with the Pareto Principle or 80/20 rule and keeping project costs down.. If this cannot be
achieved in-house, CHA would need to subcontract it out to another firm or acquire a firm that
has this technology already and let them run it
11. 8
Cost
It is hard to gather a figure for what all this would cost but a rough estimate would be 0.1%-0.3%
of construction cost for a new bridge (Sétra) and to retrofit would be the total cost of all the
sensors needed plus 20% contingency. This percentage comes from odds and ends needed to
complete the system in which we don’t know the quantities yet. Additionally, the cost of
developing the database, training people and labor costs cannot be determined because the
quantities are not yet known. One thing is for certain; a wireless system is a lot cheaper than a
wired system, which as one can probably deduce, has wires that run the length of the span.
Fig. 1
From the Fig. 1, one can see that in general a BMS system has a fairly linear relationship
between number of sensors and spans in the bridge. However, this can change according to the
job and what the bridge owner wants to monitor.
How are Bridge Owners Using BMS?
As stated above, the number of sensors directly depends on what the owner(s) want to measure.
Generally standard practice on smaller bridges, one to two pans, is to measure 3-axis acceleration
and strain. On larger bridges such as cable stays and greater span lengths, temperature (both
ambient and of the structure), humidity, wind speed/direction, vehicle weights/heights, corrosion
activity, joint movements, vibrations, tilt, and fatigue are also measured. Right now BMS is not
widely used except on large bridges, which is not feasible for CHA to take on at this time. In
talking with more people about the topic, it is becoming apparent that this technology needs
more time in R&D before becoming widely used.
Fig. 2
0
200
400
600
800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sensors
Spans
Sensors Required per Span
12. 9
Research and Development Use
Michael Brown of the Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research said they are
“Using such a system to monitor structural stability and movement during the re-decking of a
pair of large delta-frame steel bridges. We have also used such systems (selectively) in the past
to assist in load rating of structures.” He also went on to say, “We conduct research, evaluations,
provide technical assistance, and provide training within those agencies. We evaluate emerging
technologies and look for ways that they may be applied to VDOT operations.” As far as any
concerns he may have, he said he doesn’t have any particular concerns about bridge monitoring
as a practice, so long as it is applied in a rational and targeted manner to answer specific
questions or concerns. He does not believe that a general practice of putting a suite of sensors on
every bridge would be helpful or practical.
The FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) has a program called NDE (Non-Destructive
Examination). Here they use BMS and modify its usage to capture different aspects of bridge
design and wear. They are testing a system to better detect and evaluate fatigue cracks in steel
highway bridges. They are also trying different ways to integrate nondestructive evaluation more
fully into bridge management systems. Some of these techniques include: Development of Dual-
Band Infrared Thermography Imaging System for Bridge Deck Inspection, Ground-Penetrating
Radar Imaging for Bridge Deck Inspection, Acoustic emission monitor, thermo-graphic imaging
for fatigue cracks. Specifically for fatigue loading they have modified BMS to include forced
vibration responses and electromagnetic acoustic transducers.
Conclusion
The fact is that the existing methods are not good enough to make sure that our nation’s bridges
are safe for the millions of people that use them every day. There needs to be a way to inspect
bridges on a more regular basis so that when the government does start closing the gap on
funding, that money won’t be going to waste. The BMS fills that void and can provide real time
data to owners and operators all over the world. The potential to expand the global market and
presence means more money and more business.
BMS needs more time in R&D before CHA becomes involved. There are a lot of good
technological advances that have been made thus far but there are too many unknown factors that
still need to be determined before any investment is to be made. It seems feasible to do but CHA
needs more data and market research. Up-front development costs cannot be accurately
determined at this time but development and construction of a central database would be one
large cost. CHA would also need to consider expanding offices with bridge groups
and/or acquiring a firm which does this already and has all their own equipment and has a proven
track record. In the latter case, most of the what-ifs would be nullified and the question would be
what it would cost to acquire such a firm.