This study evaluated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among 246 undergraduate physiotherapy students in India using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results found that most students fell into the normal range for all three factors. However, some students showed mild, moderate, or severe levels of anxiety and stress. Students in their third year, final year, and internship tended to have higher levels, possibly due to academic pressures. The study concluded students experience normal psychological stress overall, but the university should provide counseling support to help students manage pressures and reduce abnormal stress, anxiety, or depression.
-Definition of mental health
-Definition of mental illness
-When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
-Causes of mental illness
-Consequences of mental illness
-Treatment team
-Medications used in mental illness
-Myths and facts about mental illness (misconceptions)
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-Definition of mental health
-Definition of mental illness
-When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
-Causes of mental illness
-Consequences of mental illness
-Treatment team
-Medications used in mental illness
-Myths and facts about mental illness (misconceptions)
BFC, a company established to cater to both the clients’ personal and business needs, certainly has what it takes to provide a unique solution/design concept deemed beneficial to a lot of coffee buffs. Let us tke a closer look at Bialetti’s finest... Bialetti coffee beans are perfectly roasted in small batches to ensure its great aroma, flavor, and freshness.
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Abstract—Spiritual health is not given its due importance since long time. But nowadays modern medicine is seen in relation to spiritual health. and studies were conducted to find out its effect in various diseases. So this study was conducted on medical students of SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. aimed to assess the spiritual health and its association with psycho wellness. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st MBBS students present on the day of survey were given spiritual health assessment scale (SHAS) to assess the their spiritual health. Then these students were screened through Modified Mini Scale (MMS) to found out zone of psycho wellness i.e. red and orange zone of psycho-wellness. Association was inferred by Chi-square test and ANOVA with Post-hoc Tukey test. Out of 230 students attend on the day of survey, majority of students i.e.164(71.3%) were having good spiritual health. Likewise only 132 students (57.39%) were in green zone (no disease zone), while 36(15.65%) students were in orange (borderline) and 62 students (26.96%) were in red zone (Psychiatric disease zone) of psycho-wellness. On analysis it was found that Mean scores of spiritual SHAS of green zone was significantly high than mean SHAS scores of other zones. Majority of students were having poor spiritual health and this spiritual health was strongly associated with psycho-wellness of students. Poorer the spiritual health of students leads to poorer the psycho-wellness of students.
Stress and Coping among the under Graduate Nursing Students A Cross Sectional...ijtsrd
Introduction: Stress among nursing students is an area of growing concern. Nursing students during their professional life undergo stress which may result in psychological distress, physical complaints, behavior problem, and poor academic performance. This study was undertaken to assess the level of stress and coping among the nursing students. Material and Methods: A Descriptive Cross Sectional study was carried out in the year 2015 among 346 nursing students in a selected college at Chidambaram taluk, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected by using demographic profile and Modified Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Questionnaire for Adolescents (CQA) to assess the stress and coping level of the participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings revealed that the overall stress level among nursing students, were under mild stress(27%), moderate stress(65%) and high stress (8%) and also the coping level among nursing students, had poor coping (4%), mild coping (43%), moderate coping (45%) and good coping (8%). Conclusion: From this study, the researcher highlights that an effective intervention strategies have to be taught to the B.Sc. nursing students to relieve stress by developing good coping mechanism during their training period to promote stress free life. Mrs. S. Kalaivani | Dr. (Mrs) D. Karaline Karunagari"Stress and Coping among the under Graduate Nursing Students A Cross Sectional Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11393.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/11393/stress-and-coping-among-the-under-graduate-nursing-students-a-cross-sectional-study/mrs-s-kalaivani
Overview of international challenges faced by psychiatrists through their practice
Collaborative work of:
1-Dr Yomna Gaber Senior Registrar Psychiatrist
2- Dr Hosam Kasseb Senior Registrar Psychiatrist
3-Dr Wasem Marey Consultant Psychiatrist
directly affects cancer outcomes, some data do suggest
that patients can develop a sense of helplessness
or hopelessness when stress becomes overwhelming.
This response is associated with higher rates of death,
although the mechanism for this outcome is unclear.
It may be that people who feel helpless or hopeless
do not seek treatment when they become ill, give up
prematurely on or fail to adhere to potentially helpful
therapy, engage in risky behaviors such as drug use, or
do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, resulting in premature
death.
I'm pleased to share that the October 2023 issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, a PubMed and WOS-indexed journal, published our paper titled "Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Physiotherapy: A Narrative Review." I am grateful to God, gurus, and well-wishers for their blessings and guidance. Thank you Uka Tarsadia University Administration.
Visiting colleges in the field is essential. I recently had the chance to visit the S.S. Agrawal College of Physiotherapy in Navsari and the Sarvjanik College of Physiotherapy in Surat as a consequence of the chance to explore these two colleges. TY SRCP, UTU.
I had the opportunity to facilitate the workshop on “Pedagogical Practices for Physiotherapists” on the 17th of April 2024 at the prestigious NITTE Institute of Physiotherapy, Mangaluru, Karnataka. It was a wonderful teaching & Learning Experience.
As a resource person, I had the opportunity to teach a workshop on "Techniques in Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy" on April 18, 2024, at the esteemed NITTE Institute of Physiotherapy. It was a memorable experience. I appreciated the Participants' desire to participate and learn.
It brings me great pleasure to report that on April 19, 2024, the esteemed NITTE Institute of Physiotherapy, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, celebrated its 26th Annual Day. I have been invited as a Guest of Honor. Being welcomed to my alma institution as a Guest of Honor makes me feel proud. Grateful to the Gurus and God. Thank you, Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy & Uka Tarsadia University.
I'm grateful.
In a role as a resource person, I will be representing Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy
& Uka Tarsadia University at two upcoming workshops: "Pedagogical Practices for Physiotherapists"
on April 17 at the prestigious NITTE Institute of Physiotherapy in Mangaluru, Karnataka, and
"Techniques in Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy" on April 18 at the same location. Additionally
invited to be present at the 26th Annual Day of NIPT, Nitte University on April 19, 2024, as a Guest
of Honor. I am grateful to Uka Tarsadia University and SRCP. Thank you for the invitation and
honour to Respected Prof. Dr Dhanesh Kumar K.U sir, Dr Rakesh Krishna, and the faculties &
management of NITTE Uni
By accident or by choice? God only knows, but on February 7–9, 2024, I competed with great zeal in "Spardha"—The Sports Fest 2.0—at Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy, Uka Tarsadia University, and I won first place in both carrom and chess. We are grateful to Uka Tarsadia University in Bardoli, Surat and SRCP for providing excellent facilities for the sporting event.
I got the chance to review a Scientific Manuscript for the Sao Paulo Medical Journal which is a PubMed Central, Medline, lilacs indexed Journal. Feeling grateful.
I had an opportunity to take an expert talk on "How to Use Research Tools to Boost Research Output" for the BPT Students of Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy.
As a session expert, I shared my knowledge and experience Related to Research Tools, Methods, Software, and related Websites as well as Android applications and how to access and utilize them for research.
I displayed many methods as well as role-playing & also gave Participants advice on how to use different internet-based research tools to increase productivity in research in Physiotherapy.
It was an excellent presentation, with an excellent interactive question-and-answer time that enabled students to actively learn.
I am pleased to announce that I have been invited to appear as an esteemed speaker at the 5th National Annual Conference of "KINESIOCON 2024", which will be held at the College of Physiotherapy at MIT Pune. The conference-themed "Technological Advancement in Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation" will take place on March 22, 2024, in Talegaon, Pune, Maharashtra. My session will be about “Innovations in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation”. I'm glad to learn that there will be a conference on cardiopulmonary physiotherapy. I am grateful to Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy, Uka Tarsadia University Administration.
“Goal setting” is extremely important in life. Considering the same I had the opportunity to arrange a Guest Lecture on “Goal Setting” by renowned Surgeon Dr. Amrut Patel
Medical Director Om Sairam Cardiac and Multispecialty Hospital, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat. It was a wonderful session to attend for me as well as for our students. I thank the UTU administration for the same.
I had the opportunity to represent Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy, Uka Tarsadia University as a resource person to conduct a workshop on "Optimizing Research Tools to Enhance Research Output" and as an expert speaker to deliver a scientific talk on "Techniques for Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy" and as an Honourable Judge for scientific events at the 14th Physiotherapy Summit: An International Conference, Physio Fest 2024 at RK University, Rajkot on the 9th and 10th February 2024 it was a fantastic opportunity to acquire and exchange physiotherapy expertise. I thank the UTU Administration for the Same.
I am happy to share that I am invited as an Eminent speaker for the “Physio Fest 2024”,14th Physiotherapy Summit: An International Conference (Integrating Evidence into Global Physiotherapy Practice) & As a Resource Person to take a post-conference Workshop dated 9th & 10th February 2024 respectively. I am grateful to Dr. Amit Sharma and Dr. Priyanshu Rathod Sir, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat for the invitation.
I am happy to share that I was invited as a Judge/Jury to the scientific session of “Physio Summit 2024” Organized by the faculty of Physiotherapy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat on 5th January 2024.I would like to Thank Dr. Bhavna Gadhvi Madam for the invitation and thanks to Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy and Uka Tarsadia University Management.
Congratulations to Drs. Tarpan H. Shah and Hiral T. Shah, Associate Professors of Physiotherapy, on the successful registration of their work, "Standard Operating Process for Opening Physiotherapy Clinic," with the Government of India's copyright office. The work was done under the auspices of Uka Tarsadia University's Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy.
Dr. Tarpan H Shah, Ph.D. PT was invited as an Esteemed Faculty to deliver the talk
in the focused symposium on the topic “Enhancing Cardiac Rehabilitation through
Technology Integration” and as Chairperson for the session on “Role of Exercise in
the Care of Hemodialysis patients” at the 14th GUJSTATE CONPHYCS 2023 on
16th Dec 2023 at LJ University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
I am delighted to be invited as a speaker and representing Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy and Uka Tarsadia University, at the First National Conference on CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY REHABILITATION on 10th December 2023 for the Focused Symposium on “Critical Care Rehabilitation: Early Intervention Protocols/What the future holds.” At Terna Physiotherapy College Navi-Mumbai, Maharashtra.
I had a chance to meet and Congratulate Dr. Yagna Shukla Madam ( Principal, Govt Physio College Ahmedabad & President, Gujarat State Council of Physiotherapy) for being Nominated as Chairman of the National Allied and Healthcare Council.
I am delighted to share that I am invited as a speaker for the Panel Discussion on “Enhancing Cardiac Rehabilitation through Technology integration” at 14th GUJSTATE CONPHYCS 2023 Theme: “Integrating Technology into Physiotherapy” on 16th & 17th December 2023 at L J University Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Thank you, Uka Tarsadia University Administration for the Support.
Our heartfelt congratulations go to Dr. Tarpan Shah, Associate Professor at Shrimad Rajchandra College of Physiotherapy, for being named a "Reviewer" for CBS Publisher and Distributors Pvt Ltd.’s Physiotherapy books and for reviewing the well-known book "Electrotherapy Principles and Practice" 2nd Edition by Dr. Roshan Lal Meena.
I am delighted to share that I am invited as a speaker in a Focused symposium on the title “Critical Care Rehabilitation: Early Intervention Protocols/What the Future Holds” At the 1st National Conference of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy, Mumbai on 10th December 2023 organized by “SOCIETY OF CARDIOVASCULAR & PULMONARY REHABILITATION(SCVPR).”
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RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
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1. Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 8 • Issue 20 • October 2016 20
Orignal Research Article
A STUDY TO EVALUATE DEPRESSION,
ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG
UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY
STUDENTS - AN INSTITUTION BASED
PILOT STUDY
Tarpan Shah1
, Megha D. Patel2
, Hiral Shah3
1
Associate Professor and Vice Principal, Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy College, Surat; 2
Internee, Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy
College, Surat; 3
Senior Assistant Professor, Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy College, Surat.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: At colleges nationwide, large percentage of college students are feeling overwhelmed, sad, hopelessness and so
depressed that they are unable to function well. It is seen that Anxiety disorders affect a lot to adults every year, and its levels
among college students have been rising since long. The objective of the present study was to explore the severity of depres-
sion, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students.
Methodology: 246 undergraduate physiotherapy students from one institute have been selected for the study purpose .Ques-
tionnaire based survey study was done. A DASS 21 questionnaire was given to the students and the aim of the study was explain
to them. Duly completed forms were taken away for research study purpose.
Result: Among all of total 246 students; Depression-145 were reported under normal category, 52 of them in mild, 35 in moder-
ate level, 10 in severe category and 4 had fallen in the extremely severe category. The Anxiety scale reported 125 in normal, 34
in mild, 49 in moderate level, 20 in severe and 18 of them have been under extremely severe category. The study reported 159
normal cases for Stress scale, 35 were in mild, 31 in moderate, 20 in severe and 1 case in extremely severe score.
Conclusion: Present study revealed maximum number of students in the normal category and some student’s in raised level of
anxiety and stress among undergraduate Physiotherapy students.
Discussion: Consequently it is advised that the institute should take appropriate steps for reducing the level of depression and
stress by undertaking counseling of the students and help them to cope up with their difficulties up to the institutional limit.
Key Words: DASS-Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS21-Depression anxiety stress scale 21
Corresponding Author:
Tarpan Shah, Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy College, Kadodara, Surat, Gujrat, India.
Mobile: 09638393381; E-mail: tarpanshah@hotmail.com
Received: 06.06.2016 Revised: 27.06.2016 Accepted: 20.07.2016
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Physiotherapy College in Surat, Shree Swaminarayan Physi-
otherapy College has an intake capacity of 50 undergradu-
ates Physiotherapy students per year. Physiotherapy course
has four years of curriculum and 6 months of compulsory
internship to get the best practical experience in this dura-
tion. These four years may be stressful for students to suc-
cessfully realize their dreams. We have explored their level
of depression, anxiety and stress through the Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21).
Depression has afflicted mankind ever since its inception. It
has attracted public interest rather recently 1
. WHO rates de-
pression to be the world’s fourth most disabling health prob-
lems 2
. WHO has projected that depressive disorder will be
ranked as second most disabling disorders, unless appropri-
ate measures are taken for early diagnosis, prompt and ef-
fective treatment and prevention of depression. According to
the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association
(NDMDA), depression is an undergraduate and undertreated
disorder.3
Untreated depression results in high morbidity and
mortality. Proper diagnosis and treatment cannot be overem-
phasized.4
IJCRR
Section: Healthcare
Sci. Journal
Impact Factor
4.016
2. Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 8 • Issue 20 • October 201621
Shah et.al.: A study to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students - an institution based pilot study
Anxiety is experienced as an emotion by everybody in day
to day life and it is defined as a state of fearful expectation or
apprehension as a result of real external danger or intrapsy-
chic conflict such as anxiety in the face of examination and
before delivering a lecture. So this is called normal, physi-
ological, adaptive or realistic anxiety. Contrary to that, anxi-
ety as an abnormal state is pathological, maladaptive and
unrealistic. Anxiety is often differentiated from fear, as fear
is an apprehension in response to an external danger while
in anxiety the danger is largely unknown (internal). Roughly
about 5% of population suffers from anxiety disorder. Anxi-
ety is a response to threatening experience, while depression
is a reaction to a loss. They usually occur together because
danger and loss are usually there in many cases.5
As Seyle noted, stress occurs as a response to a range of
circumstances. Biologically, stress reactions evolved as an
emergency response intended to prepare an individual for
fight or flight-that is, either to defend oneself or try to run
away from a threat. In psychological terms, stress is a re-
sponse to the body to whatever is perceived as an emergency
situation6
.
Depression slows thinking, making it difficult to concentrate
and remember. Depressed people frequently become depend-
ent, passive, and helpless, at times covertly using their symp-
toms to manipulate others into meeting their needs. Even
some medications may cause depression like adrenal ster-
oids, Crabamazepine, L-dopa, reserpine, oral contraceptives,
and etc. Depression may be associated with several psychi-
atric disorders that significantly affect its course, prognosis,
and treatment. Suicide occurs most frequently in patients
who are depressed and alcoholic. Suicide is a complication
of up to 15% of cases of depression. Many demographic data
(e.g.: being older, being male, experiencing social isolation,
or having chronic or terminal illness.) have said to increase
the risk.7
Anxiety is like fear in that it involves mental and physical
mobilization to meet a perceived danger. Excessive levels
of anxiety however paralyze mental resources in amorras of
continuous and futile mobilization of mind and body. Anxi-
ety is manifested by mental, depletion, and in ability to rise
to a challenge. Physical complaints, which usually represent
heightened awareness of arousal of the sympathetic nervous
system and motor tension, are common in anxious patients.
Typical symptoms include insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, ab-
dominal pain, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, hot flashes,
tremor, muscle tension and soreness, difficulty swallowing,
urinary frequency, sexual dysfunction, faintness, tremor,
fatigue, headaches, diaphoresis, cold, clammy hands, head-
aches. Hyperventilation produce by anxiety causes shortness
of breath, dizziness, light-headedness, numbness and par-
aesthesias. Non-prescription drugs that may cause anxiety
include caffeine, withdrawal from CNS depressants (e.g.:
alcohol, tranquillizers), any drug that clouds sensorium in
hyper vigilant patients.7
Stress and excitement commonly cause insomnia by stimu-
lating the arousal system, which easily becomes predomi-
nant over the sleep-inducing system7
. Physiological signs
and symptoms occur mostly as result of sympathetic nerv-
ous system and adrenal activity like dilated pupils, increased
heart rate, increased rate and depth of respirations, skin pal-
lor, decreased urinary output, dry mouth, and increased mus-
cle tension, increased blood sugar. Psychological signs and
symptoms include anxiety, fear, anger, depression, denial,
etc.6
There is increasing concern about the stress in health, ed-
ucation and training especially in medical, dental, nursing
and to certain extent physiotherapy education. Stress during
Physiotherapy Education is inevitable. Although stress is not
necessarily a symptom of more formal anxiety or depressive
disorders it can be precursor to these problems. High level
of depression, anxiety and stress may have a detrimental ef-
fect on the academic curriculum8
. However there is deficit of
the information regarding the depression, anxiety and stress
among undergraduate physiotherapy students. So in present
study would aim to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress
in undergraduate physiotherapy students in SSPTC, Surat.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Study Design: In this questionnaire based survey study the
samples were selected from Shree Swaminarayan Physio-
therapy College students and were performed in the same in-
stitution only. Duration for this study was 6 months and this
study comprises of 246 undergraduate female physiotherapy
students. The students who were registered as undergraduate
physiotherapy student in Shree Swaminarayan Physiother-
apy College, in the age group of 18-23 years were only re-
cruited. Students who are not in the field of under graduation
Physiotherapy and who are undergoing post graduation in
Physiotherapy, Students who were not conversant in English
were excluded from this study. For collecting the data ques-
tionnaire method was used.
Method: This study was conducted in the Shree Swami-
narayan Physiotherapy College, Kadodara, Surat, which is
the one and only women’s residential teaching institute for
Physiotherapy in India. The data were collected from all four
years and interns of B.P.T. of this college during 2015-16 ac-
ademic years. Participation in the study was voluntary and an
informed consent was obtained. The participating students
were briefed about the aim of study and informed that their
data would be safe and was guaranteed confidentiality. The
DASS questionnaire was distributed among the students and
was collected back for analysis once they were duly filled by
3. Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 8 • Issue 20 • October 2016 22
Shah et.al.: A study to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students - an institution based pilot study
the participants. DASS baseline scores were collected during
relaxed state when there were no exams.
The scale has been tested and found to possess excellent reli-
ability, good validity and simple in language and required
less time.
Severity Depression Anxiety Stress
Normal 0-9 0-7 0-14
Mild 10-13 8-9 15-18
Moderate 14-20 10-14 19-25
Severe 21-27 15-19 26-33
Extremely severe 28+ 20+ 34+
RESULTS
Out of the 246 physiotherapy students: 198 were going
through their academic performance while the rest 48 of
them were rummaging through getting their new experiences
according to the internship schedule.
When we analyzed, the depression score, among all of total
246 students; 145 were reported under normal category, 52
of them in mild, 35 were in moderate level, 10 in severe cat-
egory and 4 had fallen in the extremely severe category.
The anxiety scale reported 125 in normal, 34 in mild, 49
have been in moderate level, 20 in severe and 18 of them
have been under extremely severe category.
The study reported 159 normal cases for stress scale, 35 were
in mild, 31 in moderate, 20 in severe and one case in ex-
tremely severe score.
DISCUSSION
This study in Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy College
has revealed that the students who had actively participated
in this research, a total of 246 students, 4 were in extremely
severe depression score, 18 were in extremely severe anxiety
score and only 1 in extremely severe stress category. High
amount of depression, anxiety and stress can be because
of multiple reasons. It could be their personal reasons, en-
vironmental reasons and academic reasons. Different con-
tributing factors to lead to abnormal depression, anxiety and
stress among the students can be due to various factors like,
physical factors, academic factors, social factors, emotional
factors, personality factors, etc. Medical and Paramedical
students are expected to learn and master a huge amount of
knowledge, attitudes and skills for which they have to work
hard which in turn put them under lots of stress.
Studies done by Balkishan Sharma, Rajshekhar Wavare
on academic stress due to depression among medical and
Para-medical students in an Indian medical college identi-
fied that there was no difference between Mean Depression
Score in the students of MBBS and physiotherapy course
during their academic examination. It was also observed
that academic examination for medical and Para-medical
students are stressful and produces changes in vital pa-
rameters which affected their academic performance. Aca-
demics and examination are the most powerful stressors in
medical and Para-medical students.9
First and Second year students have not been found in ex-
treme depression or stress. This may be due to new arrival in
the Para-medical field, they would find this as a new experi-
ence and they may seem it’s easy.
Alternatively third year, final year and internship student
were found to be more severe in depression, anxiety and
stress. This could be due to their increased self study hours,
increased level of study from previous years, aspiration of
scoring more in academics, increasing concern about their
profession as a carrier and lots more. In interns it could be
due to their worry of getting job placement, treating the
patients with complete and proper handling with full con-
fidence and independently, new responsibilities they need
to take now and so on. Consequently it is advised that the
institute should take appropriate steps for reducing the level
of depression and stress by undertaking counseling of the
students and help them to cope up with their difficulties up
to the institutional limit. Introducing some of such strategies
to the college can help to achieve a normal level of depres-
sion, anxiety and stress among students. So the further same
research again will show no severity of depression, anxiety
and stress.
CONCLUSION
After analyzing the DASS data which were collected from
undergraduate physiotherapy students from Shree Swa-
minarayan Physiotherapy College, Kadodara, Surat, has re-
vealed that maximum number of students are in the normal
category of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and very few of
them are in the extremely severe category.
ETHICAL CLEARANCE
Ethical clearance for the present study was obtained from
ethical committee of Shree Swaminarayan Physiotherapy
College.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author acknowledges the immense help received from the
Scholars whose article are cited and included in references of
4. Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 8 • Issue 20 • October 201623
Shah et.al.: A study to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students - an institution based pilot study
this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/edi-
tors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from
where the literature for this article has been reviewed and dis-
cussed. The authors are extremely grateful to IJCRR edito-
rial board members and IJCRR team of reviewers who have
helped to bring quality to this manuscript.
Source of Funding
There was no source of funding.
Conflict of Interest
There was no conflict of interest.
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ANNEXURE 1
Figure 1: Clustered cylindrical chart showing severity of DASS among undergraduate Physiotherapy students (n=246):
N-Number of Undergraduate Physiotherapy students
5. Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 8 • Issue 20 • October 2016 24
Shah et.al.: A study to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students - an institution based pilot study
ANNEXURE 2
Severity distribution of DASS Score among undergraduate Physiotherapy students.
Subscale Normal Mild Moderate Severe Extremely severe
Depression Final year 32 8 7 2 1
Third year 22 8 11 6 2
Second year 34 11 3 1 0
First year 29 15 6 0 0
Internship 28 10 8 1 1
Anxiety Final year 25 5 12 6 2
Third year 15 11 9 3 11
Second year 35 6 5 3 0
First year 23 8 12 6 1
Internship 27 4 11 2 4
Stress Final year 31 10 4 4 1
Third year 26 7 8 8 0
Second year 36 7 5 1 0
First year 36 2 7 5 0
Internship 30 9 7 2 0