This study analyzed 254 medical records of university teachers treated for mental disorders at a university medical expertise service in Brazil between 1999-2011. The study found that depression was the most common mental disorder, responsible for 52% of teacher sick leave. The second most common was schizophrenia at 12%, followed by bipolar disorder at 10%. Nearly all of the teachers were female between the ages of 40-49. The results suggest that depression is strongly linked to difficult work conditions, excessive workload, lack of work-life balance, and other job-related stress factors for university teachers. Further research is needed to better understand and address this issue.
Depressive symptoms among student at Al-kindy college of medicine 2018-2019 r...Aseele HZ
This study examined depressive symptoms among students at Al-Kindy College of Medicine in Iraq from 2018-2019. The researchers surveyed 501 students using a depression questionnaire. The results found that 32% of students experienced some level of depression, with mild depression being most common at 23.6%. Depression was higher among female students and those in their 3rd and 6th years of study. Family problems were also associated with higher rates of depression compared to academic stress alone. The study concludes depression is a significant problem affecting around one-third of medical students, and recommends early screening and prevention programs to address student mental health issues.
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity_Crim...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity by Samina Rafiquea in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study: Journal of Psychology
This study aimed to identify pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) among newly recruited paramedics. 453 paramedics were assessed within the first week of training and every 4 months for 2 years to identify episodes of PTSD or MD. 32 participants (8.3%) developed PTSD and 41 (10.6%) developed MD during follow-up. Rumination about stressful memories uniquely predicted PTSD, while perceived resilience uniquely predicted MD. Identifying risk factors before trauma exposure could help target resilience interventions to reduce risk of psychiatric disorders.
This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well-being in 73 surgical residents. The study found that EI scores positively correlated with psychological well-being and negatively correlated with burnout and depression. Regression analyses controlling for demographics found that EI strongly predicted well-being, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and depression among residents. The study concluded that EI is a strong predictor of resident well-being, and measuring EI could help identify residents most likely to thrive while interventions to increase EI may optimize resident wellness.
This study examined factors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in pediatric cancer patients and their caregivers. The researchers analyzed surveys from 31 patient-caregiver dyads. They found that patient-reported PTSS was predicted by self-reported worry, while caregiver-reported patient PTSS was predicted by the caregiver's perception of the patient's physical appearance. Additionally, caregiver-reported caregiver PTSS was predicted by the caregiver's report of the patient's psychosocial functioning. The results suggest discrepancies between how patients and caregivers view factors related to PTSS.
A cross sectional and comparative study of attitudes in undergraduate medical...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
DSM proposal for Sensory Processing Disorder. Of interest to those who want to know more in general, or know more about SPD as it compares to ASD or Misophonia.
Depressive symptoms among student at Al-kindy college of medicine 2018-2019 r...Aseele HZ
This study examined depressive symptoms among students at Al-Kindy College of Medicine in Iraq from 2018-2019. The researchers surveyed 501 students using a depression questionnaire. The results found that 32% of students experienced some level of depression, with mild depression being most common at 23.6%. Depression was higher among female students and those in their 3rd and 6th years of study. Family problems were also associated with higher rates of depression compared to academic stress alone. The study concludes depression is a significant problem affecting around one-third of medical students, and recommends early screening and prevention programs to address student mental health issues.
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity_Crim...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity by Samina Rafiquea in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study: Journal of Psychology
This study aimed to identify pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) among newly recruited paramedics. 453 paramedics were assessed within the first week of training and every 4 months for 2 years to identify episodes of PTSD or MD. 32 participants (8.3%) developed PTSD and 41 (10.6%) developed MD during follow-up. Rumination about stressful memories uniquely predicted PTSD, while perceived resilience uniquely predicted MD. Identifying risk factors before trauma exposure could help target resilience interventions to reduce risk of psychiatric disorders.
This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well-being in 73 surgical residents. The study found that EI scores positively correlated with psychological well-being and negatively correlated with burnout and depression. Regression analyses controlling for demographics found that EI strongly predicted well-being, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and depression among residents. The study concluded that EI is a strong predictor of resident well-being, and measuring EI could help identify residents most likely to thrive while interventions to increase EI may optimize resident wellness.
This study examined factors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in pediatric cancer patients and their caregivers. The researchers analyzed surveys from 31 patient-caregiver dyads. They found that patient-reported PTSS was predicted by self-reported worry, while caregiver-reported patient PTSS was predicted by the caregiver's perception of the patient's physical appearance. Additionally, caregiver-reported caregiver PTSS was predicted by the caregiver's report of the patient's psychosocial functioning. The results suggest discrepancies between how patients and caregivers view factors related to PTSS.
A cross sectional and comparative study of attitudes in undergraduate medical...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
DSM proposal for Sensory Processing Disorder. Of interest to those who want to know more in general, or know more about SPD as it compares to ASD or Misophonia.
The document discusses a pilot randomized clinical trial of an intervention called "Recovering Together" that aimed to improve long-term psychological outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their caregivers. The intervention involved six sessions with a clinical psychologist for patients and their main caregivers after being discharged from the ICU. While results were mixed, patients who received the intervention had stable PTSD scores over time compared to increased scores for controls. The intervention shows promise but would need to be tested in larger, more diverse populations and settings to determine effectiveness for reducing post-intensive care syndrome.
Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) and Wellness Self-Management (WSM) are two multimodal workbook-based treatments for individuals with schizophrenia. IPT was developed in 1994 and focuses on remediating cognitive deficits through group exercises before building social skills. Research shows IPT improves neurocognition, symptoms, and functioning. WSM was developed in 2001 from Illness Management and Recovery and uses a personal workbook to build competencies like medication management. Over 80% of facilities using WSM continued ten months later. Both treatments aim to improve functioning through cognitive and social rehabilitation, though IPT has more extensive research support currently.
This study assessed depression levels in medical students in India using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and its relationship to psycho-wellness as measured by the Modified MINI Scale (MMS). The study found that 30.5% of 230 medical students screened had depression, with 21% having moderate to severe depression. Depression levels were highest in students in the red zone of psycho-wellness on the MMS, followed by the orange zone, and lowest in the green zone. The results suggest an association between poorer psycho-wellness and higher rates and severity of depression in medical students.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the educational and professional qualifications of Shyamsundar Gobisankar. He received his M.B.B.S. degree in 2004, followed by a D.P.M. in 2009 and M.D. in Psychiatry in 2013, all from Christian Medical College, Vellore. He has worked as an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Christian Medical College since 2013. His clinical and teaching experience includes general adult psychiatry, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and child psychiatry. He has participated in research studies and conferences, and received training in areas such as evidence-based practice, problem-solving, and biostatistics.
4. post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) an overviewSuresh Rewar
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder with psychological and emotional components, caused by exposure to single or repeated extreme traumatic events found in war, terrorist attacks, natural or man-caused disasters, and by violent personal assaults and accidents. In recent years, armed conflicts in the Middle East have resulted in high rates of exposure to traumatic events. Despite the increasing demand of mental health care provision, ongoing violence limits conventional approaches of mental health care provision. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have proved feasible and effective in Western countries, but their applicability and efficacy in war and conflict regions remains unknown. Despite clinical studies and improved understanding of the mechanisms of cellular damage, prevention and treatment strategies for patients with PTSD remain unsatisfactory. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prevalent mental health problem associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity. To develop an improved plan for treating and impeding progression of PTSD, it is important to identify underlying biochemical
changes that may play key role in the initiation and progression of these disorders.
Background: Behavioral health conditions are prevalent among patients in inpatient medical settings and when not adequately treated contribute to diminished treatment outcomes and quality of life. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological interventions in addressing behavioral health conditions in a range of settings but, to a lesser extent with psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase attention on psychological interventions being delivered to patients across a broad spectrum of medical specialties in inpatient medical settings to support the implementation of interventions to address increasing patient needs. Methods: This selected, brief review of the literature sought to describe published psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. A search for studies catalogued on PubMed from 2007 to 2016 was examined and studies were included in the review if they were delivered within inpatient medical settings. Two reviewers independently assessed relevant studies for criteria. Results: A total of ten articles met the inclusion criteria with interventions targeting outcomes across four primary domains: 1) pain and fatigue; 2) cognition; 3) affective/emotional and; 4) self-harm. Several articles support interventions grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and brief psychological interventions. Most studies reported favorable outcomes for the interventions relative to controls. Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, especially those that integrate components of cognitive-behavioral therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, can be implemented in inpatient medical settings and may promote improved patient outcomes. However, the quality of this evidence requires formal assessment, requiring more comprehensive reviews are needed to replicate findings and clarify effectiveness of interventions.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION, MENTAL HEALTH AND RELIGIOSITY AMONGST MENTAL...IAEME Publication
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of depression, mental health and religiosity amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak with demographic aspects. The subjects selected were 40 women amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak. The assessment method administered consisted of Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire-28, Provision and demographic questions. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample followed by a brief introduction about the assessment. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age of the sample and their mental health (p=0.005. Furthermore, depression experienced by the victims significantly influenced their mental health (R2=0.70, [F (1, 25) = 41.517, p<0.002]). The study also indicated that there was a positive correlation between mental health and depression (r=0.68). This showed that the higher the levelof depression experienced by the samples, the higher the effect of their mental health and religiosity.
This document discusses training teachers to deliver mindfulness-based interventions based on the UK experience. It outlines that mindfulness approaches such as MBSR and MBCT have shown effectiveness for conditions like depression and are being applied to other issues. Effective teacher training is important to ensure positive outcomes. The training emphasizes teachers developing personal mindfulness practices in addition to technical skills. Teachers must embody mindfulness to effectively teach it. While research has not directly examined teacher effects, clinical experience indicates personal practice is needed to facilitate mindfulness in others. The document discusses integrating scientific and contemplative paradigms in training and the importance of treatment fidelity in research.
This survey of 1294 students found that over 90% practice self-medication. The most common reasons for self-medicating included having mild problems and not needing a doctor. Herbal tea, vitamins, minerals and non-prescription drugs were the most used treatments. Students reported self-treating common symptoms like headaches, coughs, fatigue without medical guidance. While students had some understanding of appropriate self-medication lengths, over 25% would self-treat all symptoms, which is a concern. The results provide insight despite limitations in response rates and access.
This document describes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment protocol for Māori clients in New Zealand diagnosed with major depression. The treatment incorporated Māori processes for engagement, spirituality, family involvement and metaphor. It was administered to 16 Māori clients and resulted in large, significant reductions in depressive symptomatology and negative cognition based on standardized assessments. This was the first study to examine individual psychotherapy outcomes for an indigenous population using an effectiveness design. The findings provide support for culturally adapting psychological treatments for ethnic minority groups.
A thorough research was conducted among the individuals to understand the perspective of individuals towards self-medication. Self medication was even started for chronic diseases. The result was very surprising and new which we got to know.
This document discusses various methods for treating addiction. Biological substitution programs like methadone treatment replace heroin with a synthetic opiate to reduce cravings and block the effects of heroin. While methadone treatment can be effective in reducing illicit drug use, it also carries risks of dependency and non-compliance. Aversion therapy conditions drug use to have unpleasant consequences by pairing drugs with emetics to force negative reactions, aiming to discourage future drug use through associating it with nausea. Overall, the document examines both biological and behavioral treatment methods for addiction.
The effects of dysregulated dopamine levels on cognitive performance in young...Nikolaos Ziakas
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by different kinds of problems, such aspoor concentration, anti-social behaviour and drug abuse. The first symptoms start appearing in childhood. The majority of ADHD patients suffer from different types of disorders, such as anti-social personality, anxiety and mood disorders (Wilens& Spencer, 2010). ADHD is associated with the development of abnormal structures in the prefrontal cortex (Arnsten& Li, 2005).Moreover, there are differences instructures of brain between patients with ADHD and normal people.Neuroimaging studies have shown reduced white matter volumes and cortical thickness in patients with ADHD (Castellanos et al., 2002). In addition, another neurobiological factor, which contributes to the development of ADHD, is the levels of dopamine (Curatolo, D'Agati, &Moavero, 2010) and the levels of norepinephrine. The dysregulation of norepinephrine and dopamine levels can affect the function of prefrontal cortex.Furthermore, the size of corpus callosum (CC) is smaller in ADHD children (Luders et al., 2009).
The document summarizes a case presentation by BSN level III nursing students. It describes the objectives of demonstrating knowledge of a patient's diagnosis, disease process, complications, treatment plan, and nursing interventions. It then outlines the specific program, which involved students presenting thorough assessments and understanding pathophysiology, drug therapy, contributing factors, and formulating appropriate nursing care plans. The summary describes the student groups presenting cases involving various conditions like CVA, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, and gallstones. The panelists provided feedback and advice to help students improve their analysis and presentations.
This document provides a summary of recent research on PTSD and related topics. It lists over 30 research articles and reports published in January 2016 covering a wide range of topics including PTSD treatment outcomes, the effects of combat deployment on mental health providers, the impact of stress and social support on military children, the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, masculinity and community reintegration in veterans with traumatic brain injury, and relationships between mental health issues like depression, substance abuse and suicide in military populations.
Hausbrot.at | Frühstücksreport 2016 | Wie frühstücket Österreich?Marco Karnthaler
Was steht bei Herrn und Frau Österreicher auf dem Frühstückstisch? Wo und vor allem mit wem genießen sie die wichtigste Mahlzeit des Tages? Und was machen die Österreicher und Österreicherinnen eigentlich vor ihrem Frühstück? Sport, Sex oder Social Media?
Im Auftrag von Hausbrot.at, dem Frühstückslieferservice der connect724 GmbH, erhob meinungsraum.at im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Umfrage unter 1.000 Österreicherinnen und Österreichern diese und weitere spannende Fragen rund um das Thema Frühstücksverhalten in Österreich. Eines wird dabei schnell klar: Österreich ist ein Land der Frühstücksliebhaber.
Requerimento de informações chico alencarMarcelo Auler
Requerimento feito pelo deputado Chico Alencar pedindo explicações à Polícia Federal sobre gastos em Operações e sobre mordomias no prédio do Grupo de Investigações Sensíveis (GISE) da Superintendência do DPF no Paraná.
The document discusses a pilot randomized clinical trial of an intervention called "Recovering Together" that aimed to improve long-term psychological outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their caregivers. The intervention involved six sessions with a clinical psychologist for patients and their main caregivers after being discharged from the ICU. While results were mixed, patients who received the intervention had stable PTSD scores over time compared to increased scores for controls. The intervention shows promise but would need to be tested in larger, more diverse populations and settings to determine effectiveness for reducing post-intensive care syndrome.
Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) and Wellness Self-Management (WSM) are two multimodal workbook-based treatments for individuals with schizophrenia. IPT was developed in 1994 and focuses on remediating cognitive deficits through group exercises before building social skills. Research shows IPT improves neurocognition, symptoms, and functioning. WSM was developed in 2001 from Illness Management and Recovery and uses a personal workbook to build competencies like medication management. Over 80% of facilities using WSM continued ten months later. Both treatments aim to improve functioning through cognitive and social rehabilitation, though IPT has more extensive research support currently.
This study assessed depression levels in medical students in India using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and its relationship to psycho-wellness as measured by the Modified MINI Scale (MMS). The study found that 30.5% of 230 medical students screened had depression, with 21% having moderate to severe depression. Depression levels were highest in students in the red zone of psycho-wellness on the MMS, followed by the orange zone, and lowest in the green zone. The results suggest an association between poorer psycho-wellness and higher rates and severity of depression in medical students.
This curriculum vitae summarizes the educational and professional qualifications of Shyamsundar Gobisankar. He received his M.B.B.S. degree in 2004, followed by a D.P.M. in 2009 and M.D. in Psychiatry in 2013, all from Christian Medical College, Vellore. He has worked as an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Christian Medical College since 2013. His clinical and teaching experience includes general adult psychiatry, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and child psychiatry. He has participated in research studies and conferences, and received training in areas such as evidence-based practice, problem-solving, and biostatistics.
4. post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) an overviewSuresh Rewar
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder with psychological and emotional components, caused by exposure to single or repeated extreme traumatic events found in war, terrorist attacks, natural or man-caused disasters, and by violent personal assaults and accidents. In recent years, armed conflicts in the Middle East have resulted in high rates of exposure to traumatic events. Despite the increasing demand of mental health care provision, ongoing violence limits conventional approaches of mental health care provision. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have proved feasible and effective in Western countries, but their applicability and efficacy in war and conflict regions remains unknown. Despite clinical studies and improved understanding of the mechanisms of cellular damage, prevention and treatment strategies for patients with PTSD remain unsatisfactory. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prevalent mental health problem associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity. To develop an improved plan for treating and impeding progression of PTSD, it is important to identify underlying biochemical
changes that may play key role in the initiation and progression of these disorders.
Background: Behavioral health conditions are prevalent among patients in inpatient medical settings and when not adequately treated contribute to diminished treatment outcomes and quality of life. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological interventions in addressing behavioral health conditions in a range of settings but, to a lesser extent with psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase attention on psychological interventions being delivered to patients across a broad spectrum of medical specialties in inpatient medical settings to support the implementation of interventions to address increasing patient needs. Methods: This selected, brief review of the literature sought to describe published psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. A search for studies catalogued on PubMed from 2007 to 2016 was examined and studies were included in the review if they were delivered within inpatient medical settings. Two reviewers independently assessed relevant studies for criteria. Results: A total of ten articles met the inclusion criteria with interventions targeting outcomes across four primary domains: 1) pain and fatigue; 2) cognition; 3) affective/emotional and; 4) self-harm. Several articles support interventions grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and brief psychological interventions. Most studies reported favorable outcomes for the interventions relative to controls. Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, especially those that integrate components of cognitive-behavioral therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, can be implemented in inpatient medical settings and may promote improved patient outcomes. However, the quality of this evidence requires formal assessment, requiring more comprehensive reviews are needed to replicate findings and clarify effectiveness of interventions.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION, MENTAL HEALTH AND RELIGIOSITY AMONGST MENTAL...IAEME Publication
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of depression, mental health and religiosity amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak with demographic aspects. The subjects selected were 40 women amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak. The assessment method administered consisted of Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire-28, Provision and demographic questions. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample followed by a brief introduction about the assessment. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age of the sample and their mental health (p=0.005. Furthermore, depression experienced by the victims significantly influenced their mental health (R2=0.70, [F (1, 25) = 41.517, p<0.002]). The study also indicated that there was a positive correlation between mental health and depression (r=0.68). This showed that the higher the levelof depression experienced by the samples, the higher the effect of their mental health and religiosity.
This document discusses training teachers to deliver mindfulness-based interventions based on the UK experience. It outlines that mindfulness approaches such as MBSR and MBCT have shown effectiveness for conditions like depression and are being applied to other issues. Effective teacher training is important to ensure positive outcomes. The training emphasizes teachers developing personal mindfulness practices in addition to technical skills. Teachers must embody mindfulness to effectively teach it. While research has not directly examined teacher effects, clinical experience indicates personal practice is needed to facilitate mindfulness in others. The document discusses integrating scientific and contemplative paradigms in training and the importance of treatment fidelity in research.
This survey of 1294 students found that over 90% practice self-medication. The most common reasons for self-medicating included having mild problems and not needing a doctor. Herbal tea, vitamins, minerals and non-prescription drugs were the most used treatments. Students reported self-treating common symptoms like headaches, coughs, fatigue without medical guidance. While students had some understanding of appropriate self-medication lengths, over 25% would self-treat all symptoms, which is a concern. The results provide insight despite limitations in response rates and access.
This document describes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment protocol for Māori clients in New Zealand diagnosed with major depression. The treatment incorporated Māori processes for engagement, spirituality, family involvement and metaphor. It was administered to 16 Māori clients and resulted in large, significant reductions in depressive symptomatology and negative cognition based on standardized assessments. This was the first study to examine individual psychotherapy outcomes for an indigenous population using an effectiveness design. The findings provide support for culturally adapting psychological treatments for ethnic minority groups.
A thorough research was conducted among the individuals to understand the perspective of individuals towards self-medication. Self medication was even started for chronic diseases. The result was very surprising and new which we got to know.
This document discusses various methods for treating addiction. Biological substitution programs like methadone treatment replace heroin with a synthetic opiate to reduce cravings and block the effects of heroin. While methadone treatment can be effective in reducing illicit drug use, it also carries risks of dependency and non-compliance. Aversion therapy conditions drug use to have unpleasant consequences by pairing drugs with emetics to force negative reactions, aiming to discourage future drug use through associating it with nausea. Overall, the document examines both biological and behavioral treatment methods for addiction.
The effects of dysregulated dopamine levels on cognitive performance in young...Nikolaos Ziakas
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by different kinds of problems, such aspoor concentration, anti-social behaviour and drug abuse. The first symptoms start appearing in childhood. The majority of ADHD patients suffer from different types of disorders, such as anti-social personality, anxiety and mood disorders (Wilens& Spencer, 2010). ADHD is associated with the development of abnormal structures in the prefrontal cortex (Arnsten& Li, 2005).Moreover, there are differences instructures of brain between patients with ADHD and normal people.Neuroimaging studies have shown reduced white matter volumes and cortical thickness in patients with ADHD (Castellanos et al., 2002). In addition, another neurobiological factor, which contributes to the development of ADHD, is the levels of dopamine (Curatolo, D'Agati, &Moavero, 2010) and the levels of norepinephrine. The dysregulation of norepinephrine and dopamine levels can affect the function of prefrontal cortex.Furthermore, the size of corpus callosum (CC) is smaller in ADHD children (Luders et al., 2009).
The document summarizes a case presentation by BSN level III nursing students. It describes the objectives of demonstrating knowledge of a patient's diagnosis, disease process, complications, treatment plan, and nursing interventions. It then outlines the specific program, which involved students presenting thorough assessments and understanding pathophysiology, drug therapy, contributing factors, and formulating appropriate nursing care plans. The summary describes the student groups presenting cases involving various conditions like CVA, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, and gallstones. The panelists provided feedback and advice to help students improve their analysis and presentations.
This document provides a summary of recent research on PTSD and related topics. It lists over 30 research articles and reports published in January 2016 covering a wide range of topics including PTSD treatment outcomes, the effects of combat deployment on mental health providers, the impact of stress and social support on military children, the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, masculinity and community reintegration in veterans with traumatic brain injury, and relationships between mental health issues like depression, substance abuse and suicide in military populations.
Hausbrot.at | Frühstücksreport 2016 | Wie frühstücket Österreich?Marco Karnthaler
Was steht bei Herrn und Frau Österreicher auf dem Frühstückstisch? Wo und vor allem mit wem genießen sie die wichtigste Mahlzeit des Tages? Und was machen die Österreicher und Österreicherinnen eigentlich vor ihrem Frühstück? Sport, Sex oder Social Media?
Im Auftrag von Hausbrot.at, dem Frühstückslieferservice der connect724 GmbH, erhob meinungsraum.at im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Umfrage unter 1.000 Österreicherinnen und Österreichern diese und weitere spannende Fragen rund um das Thema Frühstücksverhalten in Österreich. Eines wird dabei schnell klar: Österreich ist ein Land der Frühstücksliebhaber.
Requerimento de informações chico alencarMarcelo Auler
Requerimento feito pelo deputado Chico Alencar pedindo explicações à Polícia Federal sobre gastos em Operações e sobre mordomias no prédio do Grupo de Investigações Sensíveis (GISE) da Superintendência do DPF no Paraná.
1) A literatura gótica surgiu como uma forma de contraposição aos valores racionalistas e materialistas da sociedade burguesa.
2) O documento descreve elementos característicos da literatura gótica como vampirismo, amor, morte e ambientes noturnos presentes na obra de Álvares de Azevedo.
3) A produção gótica de Álvares de Azevedo é representada pelos contos de Noite na Taverna e pela peça Macário, que retratam cenas de degradação moral e personagens libertinos
ECO4CLIM webinar on the 2016 crowdfunding campaign, to be launched before the ECO4CLIM16 global event (October 24-30).
Ecopreneurs for the Climate. http://ecopreneurs4climate.org/
Este documento describe las redes de computadoras, incluyendo su definición como un conjunto de computadoras interconectadas que pueden compartir información y recursos sin importar su ubicación física, los protocolos y componentes clave que las hacen funcionar como TCP/IP, placas de red, routers y software, y las clasificaciones principales como LAN, WAN, MAN y PAN. También discute las ventajas de trabajar en grupo y compartir hardware, programas y datos, así como las desventajas relacionadas con la privacidad, seguridad e infe
O documento discute como mudanças podem fazer as pessoas se sentirem mais jovens. A autora descreve como mudanças na vida de sua mãe, de uma amiga e de outra conhecida as fizeram se sentir mais novas. Ela argumenta que quem se recusa a mudar está condenado a envelhecer prematuramente, enquanto mudanças trarão uma "recompensa escancarada".
Este documento fornece um resumo de três métodos ágeis de desenvolvimento de software: Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP) e seus principais conceitos e práticas. O Scrum é focado na gestão de projetos através de sprints curtos, reuniões diárias e feedback contínuo do cliente. O XP enfatiza valores como comunicação, simplicidade e coragem e práticas como programação em pares e desenvolvimento guiado por testes.
Este documento descreve um projeto de curso de informática básica oferecido aos professores e funcionários da Escola Estadual 2 de Setembro para capacitá-los no uso de ferramentas tecnológicas como recursos pedagógicos. O curso terá 40 horas abordando os programas básicos do Linux, como editor de texto, planilha eletrônica e apresentações, e visa promover o uso das tecnologias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Arc-en-Ciel: A Sims 3 Rainbowcy, Episode 34animeangel1983
This document introduces the final generation of a Sims legacy, focusing on Sakura and her siblings. Sakura takes over as heir and the document checks in on the "Pink gen kids" - Sakura, Rhodonite, Morganite, and Kunzite. They discuss their plans for college, with Sakura aiming to be a perfect student, Rhodonite wanting to be a spy, and Morganite hoping to prank people. Kunzite gains the hidden pyromaniac trait. The next episode will follow the pink gen kids as they start college, with Sakura aiming to graduate with a perfect GPA and university degree to complete her lifetime wish.
Push notifications with dashboard and swiftCharles Ramos
1) The document provides steps to set up an app to receive push notifications through Parse and Back4App, including registering the app ID, generating certificates, and configuring the app.
2) It also explains how to implement push notification functions in Swift by registering the app, subscribing to background notifications, and registering/unregistering channels.
3) Finally, it describes how to send a notification from the Back4App dashboard by selecting an audience and sending the notification text.
Ольга Бермант-Полякова. Новейшие исследования в современной зарубежной психол...Olga Bermant-Polyakova
This document summarizes key aspects of evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) as defined by the American Psychological Association (APA). It discusses that EBPP involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient characteristics, values, and context. It provides definitions for best research evidence, clinical expertise, and consideration of patient factors. It notes that the goal of EBPP is to promote effective psychological practice and enhance public health.
This study examined factors that influence relapse in people with mental health disorders in Indonesia, specifically in West Sumatera Province. The study found that stress of caregivers was the strongest predictor of relapse, with caregivers experiencing high stress being over 8 times more likely to experience patient relapse than low-stress caregivers. The study also found that lack of home visits from healthcare workers was associated with a higher likelihood of relapse. Improving home visit programs and supporting caregivers to reduce their stress levels could help lower relapse rates. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 313 caregivers in West Sumatera that examined how demographic characteristics, stigma, home visits and caregiver stress related to patient relapse.
A REVIEW OF MENTAL ILLNESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN MALAYSIA.pdfSamantha Martinez
Mental illness among Malaysian adolescents is increasing. Between 2014-2015, over 3,000 cases of depression were reported. Adolescents are engaging in illegal and aggressive behaviors like drug use, gambling, and property damage due to mental instability. Previous research found that childhood abuse and trauma are major factors that can lead to mental illness. Symptoms seen in Malaysian adolescents include depression, anxiety, drug abuse, criminal acts, suicidal thoughts, and psychosis. More research is needed to better understand and address the growing issue of adolescent mental health problems in Malaysia.
Health Psychology and Depression Research Proposal HW.docxbkbk37
This research proposal examines the self-perceptions and stigma that prevent elderly patients with depression from receiving adequate care. The proposal analyzes 5 peer-reviewed studies from the past 5-7 years on health psychology and depression. The studies show that stigmatizing attitudes towards depression in the elderly are common and act as barriers to treatment. Patients fear discrimination and have misconceptions about depression. General practitioners also often overlook depression or see it as normal in old age. The proposal aims to further understand how these issues impact elderly patients' access to medication, social support and therapy.
This study evaluated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among 246 undergraduate physiotherapy students in India using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results found that most students fell into the normal range for all three factors. However, some students showed mild, moderate, or severe levels of anxiety and stress. Students in their third year, final year, and internship tended to have higher levels, possibly due to academic pressures. The study concluded students experience normal psychological stress overall, but the university should provide counseling support to help students manage pressures and reduce abnormal stress, anxiety, or depression.
This study evaluated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among 246 undergraduate physiotherapy students in India using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results found that most students fell into the normal range for all three factors. However, some students showed moderate or higher levels of anxiety and stress. Factors like academic pressure, transitioning to internships, and personal issues may contribute to abnormal psychological states. The researchers recommend that the university provide counseling services and support to help students better manage stress and reduce psychological distress.
This study assessed the spiritual health and psycho-wellness of 230 first year MBBS students in India. The students completed the Spiritual Health Assessment Scale (SHAS) to measure spiritual health and the Modified Mini Scale (MMS) to assess psycho-wellness. The results found that 71.3% of students had poor spiritual health. 57.39% of students were in the green zone of psycho-wellness, while others were in the orange or red zones indicating potential psychiatric issues. Students with higher SHAS scores, indicating better spiritual health, had significantly higher mean scores on the MMS, showing better psycho-wellness. Thus, poorer spiritual health was strongly associated with poorer psycho-wellness among the medical students
The study aimed to develop a new scale called the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS) to reliably and validly measure stressors among Japanese psychiatric nurses. Researchers administered a 63-item questionnaire to 302 nurses and analyzed their responses. Through statistical analysis including factor analysis, they identified a 22-item, 4-factor structure for the PNJSS measuring psychiatric nursing ability, patient attitudes, nursing attitudes, and communication. The PNJSS demonstrated good reliability and validity for evaluating psychiatric nurse job stressors in Japan.
the importance of epidemiological studies, important historical research on mental health, techniques and processes, and epidemiological research findings on mental health during covid 19 are included.
The Status of Clinical Psychology in MalaysiaNoor Hassline
Clinical psychology is one of the most popular sub-fields within the discipline of psychology. It involves the application of psychological theories, principles and methods to the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders and other forms of abnormal behaviour.
Traditionally, clinical psychologists worked in the department of psychiatry in hospitals.
Their role was to utilise their skills of administering and interpreting standardised psychological tests to help psychiatrists with their diagnoses as well as in treatment and psychotherapy. Today, the field of clinical psychology has branched into a number of sub-specialisations.
This document summarizes and discusses two studies about teachers' understanding of mental health:
1) A review of literature on the relationship between children's mental health treatment and educational outcomes. There is evidence of a positive impact of mental health treatment on academic results.
2) A study of Norwegian teachers' understanding of mental health, finding it is often seen negatively and associated solely with disease. More experienced teachers had a less negative view.
The document also discusses the need to standardize mental health and academic assessments to better understand the relationship between the two areas and the importance of teachers promoting well-being and healthy development, not just treating mental illness.
Research Methods in PsychologyThe Effectiveness of Psychodyn.docxronak56
Research Methods in Psychology
The Effectiveness of Psychodynamic Therapy on Childhood Abused Victims.
Annotate Bibliography
Nickel, R., & Egle, U. T. (2005). Influence of childhood adversities and defense styles on the 1-year follow-up of psychosomatic- psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 15(4), 483-494. doi:10.1080/10503300500091660
This study was conducted to examine childhood abused victims' quality of life before treatment, and after treatment. A multimodal psychodynamic group concept was used to treat 138 patients for an average of 80.4 days. In order, to properly develop a comparison, clinical examiners interviewed each patient before the start to their in-patient program to diagnose each individual, and have therapy goals for them. The questionnaires that were used to measure quality of life targeted the patient's social life health, general health, emotional and physical functioning. The patients were all re-assessed after one year had passed by, to examine any changes in their quality of life. It was revealed that the patients' mental quality of life had improved by more than one standard deviation. Their physical quality of life improved just less than one standard deviation.
Baker, V., & Sheldon, H. (2007). 'The Light at the End of the Tunnel': Issues of Hope and Loss in Endings with Survivors Groups. Group Analysis, 40(3), 404-416. doi:10.1177/0533316407081759
In this article, a previous study was mentioned in which childhood abuse survivors were treated for 20 sessions. The authors of this article agreed that 20 sessions of treatment for childhood abuse survivors isn't enough for them to develop a secure attachment to the group. This study explores whether childhood abuse victims can benefit from treatment by being treated for a longer period. Seven group members of ages 23-55 were treated for 52 sessions, over a period of 13 months. All of the members in this group are women, and they had all been sexually abused in their childhood by a family member. They followed a psychodynamic, time-limited closed group therapy, in which they all benefited somewhat. However, many of the members expressed anxiety of leting go, and not being able to move on after the group ended.
Foa, E. (2009). Psychodynamic Therapy for Child Trauma. Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/ISTSS_Main/media/Documents/ISTSS_g12.pdf
The authors of this article discuss the efficacy of pyshcodynamic methods on childhood abuse victims, by presenting the results of five randomized controled trials. The population involved in these randomized controled trials were : preschoolers that were exposed to domestic violance, abused infant and sexually abused girls. Three of these randomized controled trials focused on a child-parent therapy, using a relationship-based intervention. The goal to these three randomzied trials was to strengthen the parent-child relationship to lead to a long term healthy child development. Another randomized ...
Potential resolutions to address increasing rates of mental health disorders among university students include creating an outreach program to raise awareness. The program could educate students on the early signs of mental illness, available counseling services, and how the public can assist those with disorders. However, outreach risks further stigmatization if not implemented sensitively. An alternative is improving university counseling and support systems to encourage more students to seek help privately. Overall, universities must address the stresses of academic demands, independence from family, and assuming adult roles that contribute to worsening students' mental health.
1) This study recruited a cohort of 802 young people (aged 12-25) seeking help at four headspace youth mental health services in Australia to longitudinally examine a clinical staging model of mental disorders.
2) At baseline, the cohort showed heterogeneity in the nature and severity of mental health problems. 51% met criteria for generalized anxiety, 45% had moderate-severe depressive symptoms, and over a third had subthreshold psychotic symptoms. Impairment was also common, with 39% functionally impaired.
3) The variation in clinical presentations, from mild to severe psychopathology and impairment, makes this cohort well-suited to empirically test a clinical staging model of mental disorders longitudinally over time
This document describes the methodology of the Transitions Study, which aims to test a clinical staging model of mental illness progression in young people. The study involves a longitudinal cohort of 802 young people aged 12-25 who are receiving care at youth mental health services in Australia. Annual follow-up assessments will track participants over time to investigate psychological, social, and genetic markers that may define clinical stage or predict transition to more severe stages of mental disorders. The results could improve understanding of mental illness development and identify targets for preventing progression.
This document provides information on chronic illness in adolescents including:
- Chronic illnesses are long-lasting health conditions that impact physical, mental, and social well-being. Examples include asthma, cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.
- Approximately 20-30% of adolescents in the US have a chronic illness, with 10-13% reporting substantial limitations. Depression and non-adherence to treatment plans are common issues.
- Several assessment tools are recommended to evaluate an adolescent's medical history, illness impact, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and treatment adherence.
- Suggested intervention strategies include cognitive behavioral therapy to challenge irrational thoughts and beliefs, develop coping skills, and improve treatment adherence.
A Study on Level of Mental Health Problems of Adolescentijtsrd
Mental health problems are very common among adolescent. This may be due to the fact that attending family members to a challenging time for many traditional and non traditional among adolescent. Adolescent after completing high school are typically younger, depend on parents for financial support, and do not work or work part time. Thus, in addition to stress related to academic load, these adolescent may have to face the task of taking on more adult like responsibilities without having yet mastered the skills and cognitive maturity of adulthood. Descriptive research design and simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. A sample size of 60 was collected using interview scheduled. This study concludes that 58 of the respondents are having good level of mental health, 24 of the respondents are having moderate level of mental health and the remaining 18 of the respondents are having poor level of mental health. Ms. Elakkiya S | L. Jerlin Jeci "A Study on Level of Mental Health Problems of Adolescent" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56206.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56206/a-study-on-level-of-mental-health-problems-of-adolescent/ms-elakkiya-s
This study examines the validity of using a 2-question screening tool called the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) to detect depression in adolescents in primary care settings. The PHQ-2 is currently recommended for screening depression in adults but has not been tested for use with adolescents. The study administered the PHQ-2 along with two established depression measures, the Children's Depression Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, to 85 adolescents ages 13-17. Results found a significant relationship between responses on the PHQ-2 and the other depression measures. Using the PHQ-2 to classify adolescents as depressed or not depressed correctly classified 73% of cases. This supports using the brief PHQ-2 screen to identify depression in adolescents
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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Transtornos mentais em professores universitários: estudo em um serviço de perícia médica
Mental disorders in university teachers: study in a service of medical investigation
Trastornos mentales en docentes universitarios: un estudio en experiencia servicio médico
Jaqueline Brito Vidal Batista 1
, Mary Sandra Carlotto 2
, Malu Nunes de Oliveira 3
, Ana Aline Lacet
Zaccara 4
, Eveline de Oliveira Barros 5
, Marcella Costa Souto Duarte 6
Objective: To verify the types of mental disorders that affects more teachers treated in a service of medical
investigation. Method: Retrospective study of documental nature, with quantitative approach, developed
in a Higher Education Institution of João Pessoa city – PB. It was composed of 254 records of teachers treated
in a service of medical investigation of the institution selected for the study, in the period from January to
1999 to March 2011. Data obtained were analyzed through frequency and percentage. Results: Almost all
the sample was composed of female teachers, aged between 40 and 49 years old, and depression was
responsible for 52% absenteeism of teachers, followed by schizophrenia (12%), bipolar disorder (10%), acute
reaction to stress (8%), anxiety (7%), delusional disorder (4%), and others (8%). Conclusion: The mental
disorder that affects more the searched teacher category is depression. Therefore, further investigations
are needed to analyze the gravity of this problematic pathology in academic area. Descriptors: Mental
health, Teacher, Professional diseases.
Objetivo: Identificar os transtornos mentais que mais provocam afastamento de docentes em uma instituição
de ensino superior. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, de natureza documental, desenvolvido em instituição de
ensino superior do município de João Pessoa–PB. Amostra constituída por 254 fichas de docentes atendidos
em um serviço de perícia médica da instituição selecionada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados
quantitativamente por frequência e percentual. Resultados: Quase toda a amostra foi composta por
docentes do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 40 e 49 anos. A depressão foi responsável por 53% dos
afastamentos de professores, a esquizofrenia (12%), o transtorno bipolar (10%), a reação aguda ao estresse
(8%), a ansiedade (7%), os transtornos delirantes (4%) e outros (8%). Conclusão: O transtorno mental que
mais acomete a categoria docente pesquisada é a depressão. Portanto, são necessárias novas investigações
que possam analisar a gravidade dessa problemática. Descritores: Saúde mental, Docentes, Doenças
profissionais.
Objetivos: Determinar los tipos de trastornos mentales que más involucran a profesores en una institución
de enseñanza superior. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de carácter documental con un enfoque cuantitativo,
desarrollado en la institución de educación superior de la ciudad de João Pessoa - PB. La muestra estuvo
constituida por 254 fichas de profesores en un departamento de personal médico de la institución
seleccionada para el estudio entre enero de 1999 marzo de 2011. Los datos se analizaron por frecuencia y
porcentaje. Resultados: Casi la totalidad de la muestra consistió de de edades comprendidas entre los 40
y los 49 años, y la depresión representó el 52% del absentismo de los docentes, seguido por la esquizofrenia
(12%), trastorno bipolar (10%), reacción aguda al estrés (8%), ansiedad (7%), trastornos delirantes (4%) y
otros (8%). Conclusión: El trastorno mental que más afecta a la categoría investigada es la depresión. Por
lo tanto, se necesitan más investigaciones que puedan analizar la gravedad de este problema en el ámbito
académico de esse problema. Descriptores: Salud mental, Profesor, Enfermedades profesionales.
1 Ph.D. in Public Health. Associate Professor on the Education Center in the Federal University of Paraíba/UFPB. E-mail:
jaquebvb@gmail.com. 2 Ph.D. in Psychology. Associate Professor of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do
Sul/PUCRGS. E-mail: mscarlotto@gmail.com. 3 Post Graduate student in Clinical Psychology of the University Potiguar, Natal –
RN. E-mail: malununes03@gmail.com. 4 Ph.D. student of the Graduate Program in Nursing at PPGENF/UFPB. Email:
anazaccara@hotmail.com. 5 Master degree student of the Graduate Program in Nurisng PPGENF/UFPB. E-mail:
evinhabarros@gmail.com. 6 Ph.D. in Nursing. Professor University Center on the João Pessoa UNIPE/PB. E-mail:
marcellasouto@hotmail.com
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The health of teachers has been a source of concern to various
segments of society. This concern is because the worker of the Education area is experiencing
a great moment of social pressure, which causes the need to show a good development in
their work. In this context, the teacher is wearing psychologically, physically and emotionally,
which can cause stress, depression and feelings of job dissatisfaction, due to the effort to be
a good teacher.
Thus, the mental wear is inevitable and can be viewed as a product of an unequal
balance of powers imposed on labor and the worker, triggering forces on the biopsychosocial
health-disease process, or a balance of powers and forces in which the work performer
becomes the loser and the work becomes an activity whose exhaustive component is greater
than the reposition and the development of their capabilities.1
With regard to mental disorders related to work in Brazil, they are the fourth leading
cause of removal and less only to injuries, poisonings, muscle diseases and neurological
diseases. In 1999, the Ministry of Social Security (DOU 12/05/1999 - No. 89) presented the
new list of occupational diseases and work-related, which contains a set of twelve diagnostic
categories of mental disorders. Several of these disorders include symptoms related to
depression. Therefore, to discern in such a context the ways in which the work operates in
the genesis and evolution of depressive episodes increases the diagnostic challenge, which
always requires a proper study of the history of life and work so that the correlations are
identified. Investigations regarding the mental health of teacher workers highlighted a
progressive deterioration of picture conditions and work organization of that category in
Brazil.
The consequences arising from such disorders can be witnessed in the academic
environment., Despite the efforts of teachers, in public universities there is a chronic state
of difficulties to manage work processes, either through intensification of precarious working
conditions, the inability to transform vindicate actions effectively in awareness processes
society about the risks in this relationship.2,3
In a reality in which the teacher of higher education is increasingly committed to
mental health, the importance of this study lies in getting an overview of the main psychiatric
diseases that affect this category. Based on the foregoing, the research aims to identify
mental disorders that cause more removal of teachers in a higher education institution.
S
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This is a retrospective study of documentary nature, with a quantitative approach,
developed in the medical expertise of sector of a higher education institution, located in João
Pessoa-PB.
The total study population consisted of 476 records assisted on the medical school
board selected institution. To select the sample, the following criteria was considered: behold
records information such as date of service with notified diagnosis, teacher´s age range and
number of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
- ICD-10 - corresponding to the disease presented by the professional. There were 476 records
analyzed, of which 254 (diagnoses of mental disorders) composed the sample.
Data collection occurred from January to December 2012, in that sector. The data
collection covered the period from January 1999 to January 2012. The data were properly
recorded in a pre-encoded form, covering issues related to the study objectives; then they
were entered into the database created in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS),
version 17.0. For the analysis, we proceeded to the distribution of the frequency of the
collected variables.
For realization of the research, the ethical observances were followed, established in
Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Council of Health, which regulates research with
human beings in the country. The research project was approved with CAAE No.
0573.0.126.000-12
Out of 254 records containing diagnoses of mental disorders by ICD-10, there were
disorders identified related to depression (responsible for the majority of sick leave for a
total of 52%); schizophrenia (ranked second, with a percentage of 11.8% of sick leave), bipolar
disorder (with a percentage of 10.2%, ranking third), acute stress reaction (fourth place as a
cause of absence from work, with 8.7% of them), anxiety (accounting 6.3% of sick leave),
delusional disorder ( 3.1% of sick leave), dissociative disorder (1.6% of workers left due to this
disorder), alcoholism (1.2% of leaves), phobias (responsible for 1.2% of sick leave),
somatization disorder (similar to alcoholism and phobias, with 1.2% of absences), drugs
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multiuse and other substances (0.8% of workers); mood disorder (0.8% of workers), manic
episodes, psychosis and personality disorder (0.4% of sick leave each one), as shown in Table
I:
Table I - Frequency and percentage distribution of diagnosis of mental disorders in teachers of
a higher education institution. João Pessoa-PB, 2012.
Mental disorders Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
Alcoholism 3 1,2
Anxiety 16 6,3
Depression 132 52,0
Drugs multiuse and other
substances
2 0,8
Maniac episodes 1 0,4
Schizophrenia 30 11,8
Phobias 3 1,2
Psychosis 1 4
Acute stress reaction 22 8,7
Bipolar disorder 26 10,2
Delusional disorder 8 3,1
Dissociative disorder 4 1,6
Mood disorder 2 0,8
Personality disorder 1 0,4
Somatization disorder 3 1,2
Total 254 100
Source: Medical expertise service of a higher education institution.
To investigate the mental disorders that affect workers, affecting not only his personal
life, but also his performance and his relationship to the work, it has been studied in several
segments. The results achieved in this study support a research that present a similar picture,
especially investigating the health of teachers,2,4
as an investigation done in a medical report
from a public institution of higher education conducting a research of mental disorders that
more remove employees (including teachers) from work. In this study, the results are similar
to those studied here, particularly with regard to the prevalence of depression.5
In mental disorders identified in this study, depression was also considered responsible
for the largest number of removals. However, this situation is not restricted to higher
education reality. A study similar to this one, performed in a medical expertise of municipal
schools in the same city, between 1999 and 2006, covering elementary school teachers, found
that depression accounted for 51% of sick leave due to mental disorders. Thus, it is observed
that the teacher is placed in situations that favor the formation of psychic symptoms
corresponding to any level of education in acting, and this is no coincidence.3
The psychological symptoms formation, like depression, is not something random,
especially when these symptoms are linked to work and its organization. Every situation,
coping, demand and need at work is related to the formation of certain symptoms. Another
aspect to consider is that the complex and subjective nature of teaching causes certain
negative health interventions of the teacher. Excessive workload, relationship issues and
discipline with the students, the need to update and complement the training and internal
and external collections at work are examples. These interventions favor the emergence of
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diseases that endanger the health and consequently the teaching profession. They are as the
only solution in certain situations, and illness is inevitable.6
As the depression is the most common mental disorder to the cause of absence from
work in the teaching category, it is important to highlight that it is a disorder developed from
the difficulties related to work. When the conditions and the organization of work become
precarious, relations with students, parents of students and/or managers are unfeasible and
the feeling of exhaustion and depersonalization settle, work will no longer being seen as way
of life, suffering changes with time and perceived only as an economically useful activity, and
in some cases not at all. Thus, the work also ceases to be the main factor of socialization and
loses the main occupation status.7
In higher education teachers, there are also other implications. In addition to the
common factors with other teachers realities (teachers of elementary, high school and
technical),8
the professor of higher education is faced with higher qualification requirements,
productivity collections and expansion of research and guidance activities, all accommodated
in a very short time limit, and in some cases, space for the development of all these activities.
The result is the transformation of work into something that causes a great psychological
distress and consequently of illness.9
Besides, there are other risk factors associated with teachers´ working conditions of
higher education contributing to this disease and to the deterioration of a picture that makes
labor impediment of the subject. Study that addresses quality of life in higher education
teachers, points to the relationship between the level of demand and collection associated
with the titration of the teacher and the quality of life perceived by him. However, experts
whose demand and collection are lower due to titration showed a better perception of quality
of life than to teachers and doctors colleagues.10
This entire context reveals a social work precariousness and its impact on health
teacher. A process that includes a rigorous working increase from multiplication tasks; the
difficulty of raising funds for research; the contradictions between education and the
demands of the university system and degradation of academic sociability.11
Another important factor to consider, causing the removal of teachers is related to
the working week and commitment to personal fulfillment with the profession. Thus, the work
ceases to be exciting, becomes meaningless, since the professional wears, and even gives up
their assignments.5
In this sense, the worker is a subject to immerse in a depression
characterized by loss of meaning of work. This causes considerable damage to the mind of
the individual and it reaches his social identity and destroy his interest in the work, becoming
extinct pleasure. There is confusion between working life and the affective, so that the
employee cannot separate from the job or in his family and/or leisure time, and the work
activity is present even during sleep and dreaming. Therefore, it is clear that there is a
dissociation between the emotional world and the conscious mental life, which compromises
the emotional balance and discernment.12
In higher education teachers, this commitment situation with regard to personal
fulfillment with the profession appears in a study that discussed the intensification of work
and its implications for the way of life and health of those teachers.13
Again, teachers
complained about their health (including cases of depression in these complaints), being
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predominant those of psycho-emotional and/or psychosomatic order. In this study, it is also
noted that most cases of illness was unknown by the university administration.
The genesis of depressive episodes in their relation to work, takes place usually hinged
to a significant loss or a succession of frustrations checked in context. The depressive episode
development increase with the lack of social support and the absence of concrete alternatives
to overcome the incident.14
It is important that through the identification of symptoms such
as apathy, irritability, loss of interest, sadness, motor delay, insomnia and fatigue and a good
knowledge of pathology, the diagnosis of depression can be facilitated and initiate treatment
as fast as possible.9
In addition, studies show that the higher the weekly frequency of physical
activity, the less likely presentation of work-related diseases.15
Other authors report that although some teachers seem to enjoy positive affect and
life satisfaction, they state depression and general well-being, confirming a fact that points
to the fragility of the mental health category whose depressive disorders related to work are
increasingly present, demanding attitudes facing this most possible urgent condition.16
Therefore, there is still much to research about the worker exploited in his intellect.
This exploitation is so subtle that it is not clearly understand. Various social issues are
involved in this trajectory, such as gender and other derived from the groups to which they
are attached, suggesting a further deepening of the studies. That is, burnout, sadness,
depression and psychosis are placed in the same category, and disease processes are
confused, often with character flaws. It is emphasized in the literature17
that depression is a
serious disorder that can affect the entire family and social life of the patient, because it
destroys families, careers and relationships.
The burnout syndrome did not appear as a diagnosis in any medical records
investigated. However, it is known that it is an occupational disease covered by the Ministry
of Health since 1999 and it is a condition that affects the teaching category in general,
considered one risk category to the grievance. When affected by this syndrome, the worker
feels exhausted, being ill frequently; with headaches, insomnia, ulcers; may also have muscle
tension, chronic fatigue, headaches, cardio-muscles problems, anxiety and depression, and
possible psychiatric disorders. Being a professional teacher, there may be radical change in
normal habits, decreased creativity and enthusiasm for the work, difficulty concentrating,
loss of self-respect and self-control in the classroom and overreactions in an attempt to
reduce stress, and the development in long-term diseases such as ulcers, hypertension,
depression and alcoholism.15,18-9
The fact that the burnout syndrome was not diagnosed, does not mean that this
disease exists among teachers of the institution investigated. Considering the importance of
identification and correct diagnosis of this syndrome, one study18
investigated the knowledge
of medical expertise of the Municipal Medical Board of the city of João Pessoa-PB about
burnout. The results showed the lack of legislation and burnout syndrome and the need for
an intervention of public policies that provide greater preparation of medical experts and a
better mental health care for the teacher. Therefore, there is a possible relationship between
some cases of depression among the institution´s teachers studied and Burnout Syndrome,
since depression can develop from this syndrome.
The results also showed to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as second and third
causes of absence from work, respectively. Even with frequencies lower than the depression,
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both are disorders that are characterized by seriousness and commitment, and that directly
affect not only the recovery of the teacher, but also a possible return to work activities.20
In
this sense, prejudice and stigmas about the fact of having a mental illness are seen as causes
of absenteeism and removal of teachers, which can only be overcome with the knowledge
and information to the patient, family and the society. Additionally, the absenteeism rate
found in the survey also points out the use of alcohol and psychotropic drugs like disorders
that cause departure from the workplace. According to the medical consultancy IMS Health,
Brazil leads the world market in use of antidepressants and anxiolytics.21
Associated with this reality, suicide is presented as one of the major consequences
related to intoxication of these drugs and psychoactive drugs. According to the Map of
Violence in Brazil 22
, João Pessoa presented a “big step” of the twenty to the thirteenth
position among the capitals with the highest suicide rate. This is an extremely worrying given
little attention. The identification of alcohol consumption profile can be very useful for
understanding the distribution of various aspects related to this habit. A better understanding
of the socio-demographic characteristics linked to groups with higher exposure to risk factors
and behaviors contribute to the development of more effective and equitable health policies
and programs.23
The manifestation of mental disorders by categories of age was also identified. In this
sense, it is observed that there was a higher incidence of these disorders in the category
between 40 and 49 years old, according to Table II:
Table II - Frequency and percentage distribution of diagnosis of mental disorders in teachers of
a higher education institution according to age group. João Pessoa-PB, 2012.
Mental disorders 30 to
39
years
old
40 to
49
years
50 to
59
years
old
60 to
69
yers
old
TOTAL
n %
Alcoolismo 0 1 2 0 3 1,2
Alcoholism 5 7 4 0 16 6,3
Anxiety 21 64 30 17 132 52,0
Depression 0 1 1 0 2 0,8
Drugs multiuse and other
substances
1 0 0 0 1 0,4
Maniac episodes 5 14 10 1 30 1,8
Schizophrenia 0 2 1 0 3 1,2
Phobias 0 0 1 0 1 0,4
Psychosis 5 11 5 1 22 8,7
Acute stress reaction 9 7 9 1 26 10,2
Bipolar disorder 1 4 2 1 8 3,1
Delusional disorder 0 2 1 1 4 1,6
Dissociative disorder 0 1 0 1 2 0,8
Mood disorder 0 0 0 1 1 0,4
Personality disorder 1 1 1 0 3 1,2
Somatization disorder 254 100
Source: Medical expertise service of a higher education institution.
It is observed that in all age groups, depression appears first as a cause of absence
from work, with higher frequency between 40 and 49 years old. That is when the professor of
higher education has reached a more mature at work and increased the demand to
responsibilities and commitments, especially to factors related to production and the
8. ISSN 2175-5361 DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i2.4538-4548
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development of research projects. Schizophrenia ranks second among 40 and 59 years old,
followed by bipolar disorder. However, between 30 and 39 years old, the situation is reversed,
in the second place as a cause of absence from work is bipolar disorder - the onset of this
disorder in this age group is consistent with its characteristics - being followed by
schizophrenia.24
Another important aspect is the appearance of a higher frequency of acute stress
reaction between 40 and 49 years old. In teachers, it is possible that acute stress reaction is
actually the burnout syndrome, as it has already been noted the lack of this syndrome and
the difficulty of their diagnosis by medical experts.18
As this syndrome has a cumulative
character, its appearance is common after 40 years old, mainly teachers who began their
career early and develop activities that involve more closely contact with students, such as
the orientation of work dissertations and theses.25
Other disorders (alcoholism, anxiety, drugs multiuse and other substances, manic
episodes, phobias, psychosis, delusional, dissociative, mood, personality and somatization
disorders) have a lower frequency. However, the simple fact appear as causes of absence
from work is worrisome, since some of these disorders are serious and can have a direct
relationship with teacher labor activity.5
At the end of this work, it is realized that a simple
teacher attitude, the look of the layman, it may seem dismal, ill will, lack of motivation,
irresponsibility and related feelings, may be taking a pathological dimension, which requires
managers, institutions and the worker of a greater insight of this situation.
The results also provoke questions about the process of diagnosis of these disorders
and the context in which the teacher develops such symptoms. There must be a structure and
management to support the teaching. If the teacher develops a mental disorder as to be
absence from the work, we cannot help but reflect on the involvement and possible
determinants of the working environment and the teacher´s relationship with it.
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Studies on different aspects of mental disorders represent na expanding thematic of
special interest to professionals, students and researchers, particularly those in the health
area. In this research, it was possible to identify mental disorders that cause more removal
of teachers in a higher education institution. This contributed to further analysis factors
related to these types of disorder.
Nevertheless, particularly in the local scene, it is necessary to conduct studies to
understand far more factors involved in the occurrence of this type of disorder. Thus, it is
noted that this study has limitations, since there is still much to be explored within this topic.
However, these gaps can be filled by other research, with results that could be associated
with this. Therefore, it is necessary to give special attention to the mental health of teachers
in higher education, especially with regard to the incidence of depression. It is known that
having depressed teachers in the classroom can jeopardize their relationship with the
students, with the managers and the very educational institution.
From this perspective, the findings also point to a need for interventions that consider
mental disorders as work conditions and potential existing in the teaching category of higher
education. These interventions should include managers, teachers and those responsible for
the work quality of life in the institution.
Finally, it is known that for a proper intervention and consequent improvement of the
organization of teaching in higher education, with regard to mental health as a cause of
removal, it is necessary to have effective knowledge not only of the incidence of these
disorders, but also the specific types. This study is also relevant for providing this information.
Therefore, it is expected that this research will support new research about the mental
disorder, especially in the area of teaching, so that professionals, students and society
understand much this topic.
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Received on: 15/09/2015
Required for review: No
Approved on: 08/01/2016
Published on: 03/04/2016
Contact of the corresponding author:
Jaqueline Brito Vidal Batista - Universidade Federal da Paraíba/Centro
de Ciências da Saúde/Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em
Bioética/UFPB/CCS/NEPB. Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco.
CEP 58051-900 – João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. E-mail:jaquebvb@gmail.com