This document discusses various teaching strategies and pedagogies including differentiated instruction, active learning, project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, blended learning, flipped classrooms, cooperative learning, and constructivist, collaborative, integrative, reflective, and inquiry-based learning methods. It explains the benefits of each approach and provides examples of related activities and strategies to engage students in the learning process. Effective pedagogy is important as it can improve teaching quality, encourage cooperative learning, make learning less monotonous, allow students to learn in different ways, and enhance teacher-student communication.

1. Strategies and Pedagogies
in Teaching- Learning
for Teachers
• Prepared by: ROSE MARIET. MEDECILLO
Teacher I

2. What are Teaching Strategies?
Teaching strategies, also known as instructional strategies, are methods that
teachers use to deliver course material in ways that keep students engaged and
practicing different skill sets. An instructor may select different teaching strategies
according to unit topic, grade level, class size, and classroom resources. Many
kinds of instructional strategies are employed to achieve teaching and learning goals
and support different kinds of students.

3. Differentiated Instruction
Differentiated Instruction allows teachers to adjust lessons to the range of skill level
present in a class, while also supporting progress. Teachers observe students and
use formative assessment methods in order to make sure class experiences can be
adjusted to individual skill and ability levels as appropriate.

4. The Benefits of Differentiating Instruction
• The important benefits of differentiated Instruction for students include the ability to:
• Learn the same material as their peers at a level of challenge appropriate to each student
• Incorporate the learning style(s) that help them to learn most effectively
• Increase student engagement in materials
• Enhance motivation to learn
• Take more responsibility for their learning by providing options to choose from
• Improve additional skills such as collaboration, cooperation and critical thinking

5. Active Learning
Active Learning encourages student agency in the learning process; active learning
incorporates elements of project-based and inquiry-based learning in order to allow
students to pursue their own learning paths. Activities for active learning can include
think-pair-share strategies as well as kinesthetic learning environment.

6. Why Use Active Learning?
• There are many different reasons to use active learning strategies including:
• Active learning in the classroom ensures that each student has a voice in their own learning,
thus maximizing student engagement over the course of the school day.
• Examples of active learning from a variety of classrooms show that students who are
exposed to active learning strategies feel like they know themselves better as learners and
thinkers.These students are then better equipped to extend their own learning
independently over the course of their education.
• Students who have learned to be more active in class are also more prepared to learn on
the job, to pursue the ideas and questions that matter to them, and to feel engaged and
motivated during the time they spend in school.

7. Project- Based Learning
Project-Based Learning experiences allow students to engage in learning about a
topic over a period of time, and may help the development of deep understanding.
Project-based learning can also incorporate a variety of skills and strengths as students
work independently or together to make a video, book, or website.

8. The Benefits of Project-Based Learning
• Students who learn in a PBL environment tend to enjoy school, take an active role in their own learning,
and internalize concepts in a deep and lasting way.
• In early childhood, project-based learning for preschool students helps children understand that they
can take a hands-on role in their own learning. Project-based learning for kindergarten is a great way to
teach children that school is fun and that the activities they do in school are authentic and
meaningful. Project-based learning for first grade can often capitalize on students' new literacy and
math skills and continue to develop their depth of understanding and agency over their learning.
• A PBL environment can also be meaningful for special populations. For example, project-based
learning for students with special needs can help capitalize on students' strengths as a way of
compensating for any challenges they face. Because project-based learning is active and differentiates
learning, a PBL environment is usually a very inclusive one where all students can succeed.

9. Inquiry- Based Learning
Inquiry-Based Learning emphasizes the importance of effective questioning and
thinking skills in the learning process. Students consider key questions that need to be
answered to understand a given topic, then follow through to collect information, make
hypotheses, participate in activities, and pursue answers in an open environment.

10. The Benefits of Project-Based Learning
• Students who learn in a PBL environment tend to enjoy school, take an active role in
their own learning, and internalize concepts in a deep and lasting way.
• In early childhood, project-based learning for preschool students helps children
understand that they can take a hands-on role in their own learning. Project-based
learning for kindergarten is a great way to teach children that school is fun and that
the activities they do in school are authentic and meaningful. Project-based learning
for first grade can often capitalize on students' new literacy and math skills and
continue to develop their depth of understanding and agency over their learning.
• A PBL environment can also be meaningful for special populations. For
example, project-based learning for students with special needs can help capitalize
on students' strengths as a way of compensating for any challenges they face.
Because project-based learning is active and differentiates learning, a PBL
environment is usually a very inclusive one where all students can succeed.

11. Blended Learning
Blended Learning allows students to do part of their learning in an independent
digital environment, and part of it in a face-to-face classroom setting. This technique
combines the strengths of both settings to create a well-rounded experience that gives
students opportunities to pursue learning in their own time, and to have in-person
interactions to consolidate what they've learned.

12. • One of the overall advantages to blended learning is its flexibility,
which is amplified by the number of variations teachers and schools
can consider. Because there are so many different models for blended
learning, it is important to think about the exact needs and goals of
each learner and instructor in selecting a particular model. Different
models are better suited to different students, circumstances, and
resources. Identifying the best model for the situation requires taking
all important factors into account.

13. Flipped Classrooms
Flipped Classrooms invert the traditional teaching model. In flipped
classrooms students are assigned pre-learning before class, so that classroom
time can be given over to problem-solving, one-to-one feedback and student
collaboration. Flipping a classroom may allow students to make more effective
progress during class-time, having prepared for the lesson beforehand and
receiving more focused support and feedback from teachers and peers alike.

14. The four pillars of the flipped classroom method include the following:
• Flexible Learning Environment: One of the hallmarks of a flipped learning classroom is
that it provides fluid timelines for student work and comprehension. Teachers should
adjust to the pace of their students in class.
• Learning Culture: Teachers foster a rich environment that allows students to delve
further into topics and provides them with opportunities for self-reflection and hands-on
activities.
• Intentional Content: Teachers decide ahead of time what direct instruction to pair with in-
class activities. Students should feel challenged but able to understand the material on
their own, a balance which can take time for the teacher to master.
• Professional Educator: Monitoring students during lessons and offering feedback
ensures no gaps in student knowledge are being created with the flipped classroom
model.

15. Flipped Classrooms: The Pros & Cons
The primary benefit of a flipped classroom is enabling students to take charge of their
learning process. Students in traditional classrooms must sit quietly during the presentation of the
lesson. This can be difficult for students, especially those with attention issues or other special
needs. In the flipped classroom model, students take control of the process, thereby improving
their soft skills like resilience and communication. Additional pros for a flipped classroom model
include more interaction time between students and teachers, better test scores, and less stress
for students. Since students have online access to the lesson material, they are able to review it
at their own pace as many times as needed to help understand it.
Although a flipped classroom has many benefits, there can be drawbacks to the approach.
With this style, teachers often utilize items like videos or other Internet-based research for the
preparation work. This can be problematic for students who do not have regular Internet access
outside of the classroom. Teachers also spend more time preparing than those who run a
traditional classroom, at least in the beginning. It can be tricky to figure out the right balance of
instruction and in-class activities. Finally, teachers may deal with student engagement
issues, such as students who are unwilling to complete the preparation work for class, defeating
the purpose of the flipped classroom model.

16. Cooperative Learning
Cooperative Learning encourages structuring classes into groups to foster
communication and working together in smaller units. Instructors can strategically
form groups around students with varying skill levels and learning styles to
promote collaboration, communication, and social skills.

17. The Benefits of Cooperative Learning
• The cooperative learning method of instruction can have many benefits for students,
such as:
• Improving self-esteem, mental and physical health, and social skills.
• Acquiring and retaining more knowledge, which leads to better critical-thinking skills,
academic performance, and increased productivity.
• Strengthening students' analytical skills.
• Helping prepare students for careers that involve teamwork by teaching them to seek
assistance on tasks that are too difficult for one individual.
• Instilling in students the ability to provide and receive constructive feedback to peers
in a positive and productive manner.

18. Cooperative Learning Strategies
There are many cooperative learning lesson plans and activities that teachers can
take advantage of, such as:
• Roundtable: Teachers will give students a category, such as characters that represent a particular
theme in literature. Students will each have a turn to list relevant characters, and this can be extended
by challenging students to provide further information or deeper analysis of one of the characters they
listed.
• Group Jigsaw: Teachers set up four or five research stations containing information on a topic.
Students are grouped, with one member of each group visiting a different station. In the last few
minutes of the activity they get back into their original groups to feed back on their information —
completing the jigsaw!
• Tea Party: In this approach, students are arranged in two circles facing each other. Students in the
inner circle are paired with those in the outer circle. Teachers pose a question or provide a statement
for the students to discuss. The students will then shift to the right so they have a new partner to
continue the discussion. In this way they build up their knowledge over the course of the activity with
different perspectives.

19. Pedagogy
Pedagogy is a method of teaching in which teachers teach, both in theory
and in practice. Pedagogy is shaped by educator's teaching beliefs and
involves their understanding of culture and different learning styles. It is
essential for students to have meaningful classroom relationships in order to
build on prior learning.
Pedagogy refers to the way of teaching students, whether it is the theory
or practice of educating. It is a relationship between the culture and
techniques of learning. The main aim of pedagogy is to build on previous
learning of the students and work on the development of skills and attitudes
of the learners. Pedagogy enables the students to get a thorough
understanding of the subject and helps them in applying those learning in
their daily lives outside of the classroom.

20. Why is teaching pedagogy important?
Employing effective pedagogical approaches helps students achieve learning
outcomes and realize their full educational potential. Quality teaching pedagogy
provides strong foundations for learning. It aids students in developing advanced
concepts and abilities.

22. Constructivist
In this approach, the students are allowed to be present in the process of
understanding and gaining knowledge rather than just passively receiving information.
This encourages critical thinking among the students and gives a learning environment
in which they can connect with what they are hearing.

23. Collaborative
The students form groups of learners that learn together and work to solve a
problem, build strategies, ideas, create products or complete a task. This is a joint
intellectual effort by the students among themselves or with the help of the teachers.

24. Integrative
For the integrative approach, the students are given a learning environment that
helps them in connecting with their learning across the syllabus. The four objectives of
integration include-
• Understanding the process of learning
• Differentiating issues by relevance
• Making use of the lessons in practical scenarios
• Associating the concepts in regular lives

25. Reflective Approach
As per the reflective approach, the students are expected to evaluate
themselves. It means observing the activities of the teachers and other
students in the classroom and analyzing why they do it and how it works.

26. Inquiry- Based Learning Method
In the inquiry-based learning method, the educators are expected to not just answer
the queries of the students, but also build a culture where their ideas are explored,
challenged, improved, and refined. It aims to take the students from the position of
wondering about a question to understanding the answer and then questioning it further.

27. Importance Of Pedagogy In Teaching
•Improves Quality Of Teaching
If a well-thought pedagogy is implemented in the classrooms, the quality of education can show a
drastic improvement. This will benefit the students by helping them thoroughly understand the
education material, thereby improving the learning outcomes.
•Encourage Cooperative Learning Environment
The implementation of pedagogy in education encourages the students to work together towards
completing a task and learn together. This increases their perceptions by understanding and taking
views from the other students, thereby adapting the cooperative learning environments making them
better leaders in the future.
•Eliminates Monotonous Learning
Pedagogy and child development work hand in hand. It helps the student to think in different ways
and move beyond the traditional methods of memorization and comprehension for learning. It
invokes complex processes of learning among the students such as analyzing, creative thinking,
and evaluation. Further, it makes students more receptive to what the teacher is teaching.

28. •Student Can Follow Their Ways Of Learning
A well thought pedagogy can help the students to grasp education in various ways. It
caters to the learning abilities of different students. Students can follow their preferred
ways of learning and stick to them. In this way, the students develop a better
understanding of the subject, which eventually improves their skills and learning
outcomes.
•Convenient Learning Approach For All
Students with special needs require different ways of learning and teaching in the
institutes. Implementation of a suitable pedagogical approach will help them learn better
and encourage them to be a part of the mainstream learning community.
•Improves Teacher-Student Communication
The teacher understands the student in a better way which helps them to focus on the
student’s weaknesses and guide them.