This document discusses various types of storage devices and storage media technologies. It covers magnetic storage devices like hard disks, optical storage like CDs and DVDs, solid state drives, removable storage media like USB flash drives, and various storage capacity units. Key points covered include the components and workings of hard disks, differences between internal and external hard disks, RAID configurations, characteristics of SSDs compared to hard disks, and overview of various memory card formats.

1. MOHAMAD ZAWAWI BIN MAH HASAN
MUHMAMAD AZIZIE BIN MEZELAN

2. • Storage device store information to be
recalled and used at a later time
• Storage device consists of:
•Storage medium
•Storage device
• Three major technology types for
information storage:
•Magnetic
•Optical or laser
•Flash memory
•Solid state
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SimNet Concepts Suppor CD: “Storage Concepts”

3. • Byte
• Kilobyte (KB)
• Megabytes (MB)
• Gigabytes (GB)
• Terabytes (TB)
• Petabyte (PB)
• Exabyte (EB)
= 8 bits
≈ 1 Thousand Bytes
≈ 1 Million Bytes
≈ 1 Billion Bytes
≈ 1 Trillion Bytes
≈ 1 quadrillion Bytes
≈ 1 quintillion Bytes
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4. 3/15/2014 4p. 5.142 & 5.144 Fig. 5.13 & 5.16

5. • Magnetic storage devices can be either internal
or external
• Internal magnetic hard disks are fixed inside the
system unit
• External magnetic hard disks are portable
3/15/2014 5SimNet Concepts Support CD: “Removable Disks”

6. • Internal hard disk is a magnetic storage
device with
• One or more thin platters that store information
sealed inside the disk drive.
• Read/write heads access the information on surface
• Heads read information while copying it from disk
to RAM
• Heads write information when copying it from RAM
to disk
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7. • External hard disks are magnetic
storage media which are portable
storage units that you can connect
to your computer as necessary
• Great for backup storage devices
• Ability to transport your hard disk from one
computer to another
• Port used is USB and eSATA
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8. • Long term storage system and
application software
• Operating system and application
software are copied from the hard
disk to memory
• Capacity measured in gigabytes
and terabytes (160GB, 250GB,
500GB, 1TB, 2TB, 3TB)
• Use Integrated Drive Electronic (IDE)
and Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment (SATA) port.
• HDD speeds: 5400, 7200, 10000,
12000, 15000 (rpm)

10. • Like IDE, an I/O bus standard.
• 7 types of cables:
• DB-25 (SCSI-1)
• 50-pin internal ribbon (SCSI-1, SCSI-2, SCSI-3)
• 50-pin Alternative 2 Centronics (SCSI-1)
• 50-pin Alternative 1 high density (SCSI-2)
• 68-pin B-cable high density (SCSI-2)
• 68-pin Alternative 3 (SCSI-3)
• 80-pin Alternative 4 (SCSI-2, SCSI-3)

11. • A set of disk stations treated as one logical station
• Data are distributed over the stations
• Redundant capacity is used for parity allowing for
data repair

12. • RAID 0 (disk stripping)
• A stripped set of equal space from at least two drives creates a larger
volume.
• RAID 1 (disk mirroring)
• Method of producing fault tolerance by writing all data simultaneously to two
separate drives.
• RAID 3 (Bit-Interleaved Parity)
• Improves upon RAID 2
• Disk Controllers can detect whether a sector has been read correctly.
• RAID 4 (block-interleaved parity)
• Stripes data at a block level across several drives, with parity stored on one
drive
• Allows recovery from the failure of any of the disks
• RAID 5
• combines benefit both RAID 0 and RAID 1

13. • A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage
device that uses solid-state memory to store
persistent data.
• No Moving Parts.
• Capacity: 32GB, 64GB, 128GB
240GB, 512GB
• Use SATA port.
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14. Advantage Disadvantage
More Durable Expensive
Better Computer Performance
- Faster Read and Write Speed
- File Fragmentation Has Little
Impact
- Faster Boot
Limited Storage Capacity
Permanent Data Deletion Slower Write Speed on Some
Models
Produce less Noise Relatively Newer Technology
Consume less Power Unreliable Life Expectancy
Generate Little Heat Inability to Recover Lost Data
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15. 3/15/2014 15

16. • Removable magnetic storage media come in two
basic types:
• Traditional floppy disks
• Zip disks
• These storage media are useful for:
• Storing files for backup or security purposes
• Transferring files from one computer to another
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17. • Floppy Mylar disk
• Housed inside a hard plastic casing
• Thin, flexible plastic disk
• 3.5 inch floppy disks
• also called floppies, diskettes, floppy
disks
• Holds about 1.44 megabytes of
information
• High-capacity disks
• Zip® disk
p. 5.144 Fig. 5.15

18. • High capacity plastic platter disk
• Called removable hard disks
• Provide a higher storage capacity than Mylar disks
• Example - Zip® disk with capacity of 100MB, 250MB, and 750MB
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DD = double density; HD = high density; ED = extended density

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21. • CDs
• DVDs
• Both are optical storage
and have three formats:
• Read-only
• Write-once
• Read-and-write

22. • Read-Only
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
• One-Time Writable
CD-R
DVD-R
DVD+R
• Fully Read-and-Write
CD-RW
DVD-RW or DVD+RW
or
DVD-RAM
3/15/2014 22
SimNet Concepts Support CD: “CDs and DVDs”

23. DVD+R DVD-R
Pronounciation DVD plus R DVD dash R
Backed by DVD+RW alliance (Sony, Yamaha,
Philips, Dell, Microsoft etc.)
DVD Forum (Apple, Pioneer ,
Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Time Warner
etc.)
Drag & Drop Yes, supported. This technology is
code named Mt. Rainier and is a
hardware feature.
No, not supported.
Layers Multiple Single
Size 4 706 074 624 bytes (4488 MB) 4 706 074 624 bytes (4488 MB)
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Different DVD+R and DVD-R

24. • A Blu-ray Disc (also
called BD) is a high-
density optical disc
format for the storage of
digital information,
including high-definition
video.
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25. Format Characteristic
DVD-ROM Purchased with data encoded; not able to change
DVD-R, DVD+R Purchased blank; able to be written to once and then
treated like a DVD-ROM
DVD-RW, DVD+RW Purchased blank; able to be written to and erased
multiple times
DVD-RAM Purchased blank; able to be written to and erased just
like a hard or floppy disk
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27. • have high-capacity storage laminated
inside a small piece of plastic
• do not need a drive with moving parts
to operate
• Capacity: 32,64,128,268,512(MB)
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64(GB)
• Memory card need card reader to
connect with computer.
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28. • CompactFlash (CF)
• xD-Picture Card (xD)
• SmartMedia (SM) Card
• SecureDigital (SD) card and
MultiMediaCards (MMC)
• Memory Stick Media
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