1) Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use and stores system and application software. Common storage media include hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, tape, and PC cards. 2) Hard disks use magnetic particles to store data on disks and are classified as internal or external. Characteristics that determine a hard disk's capacity include the number of platters and composition of the magnetic coating. 3) Floppy disks are inexpensive, portable magnetic storage that are encased in square plastic shells. Optical discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays use microscopic pits and lands to store data in readable formats.

1. CHAPTER 6
STORAGE

2. STORAGE
MAGNETIC HARD DISK
FLOPPY DISK
02.
01
02
03
04

3. STORAGE
 It holds data, instructions, and
information for future use.
 Also stores system and application
software
01
02
03
04
STORAGE MEDIUM
It is the physical material on which
a computer keeps data,
instructions, and information.

4. CAPACITY
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 It is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.
STORAGE TERM APPROX NO. OF BYTES EXACT NO. OF BYTES
Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand 210 or 1,024
Megabyte (MB) 1 million 220 or 1,048,576
Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion 230 or 1,073,741,825
Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion 240 or 1,099,511,627,776
Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion 250 or 1,125,899,906,842,624
Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion 260 or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion 270 or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion 280 or 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176

5. STORAGE DEVICE
01
02
03
04
 It is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to
and from storage media
READING
The process of transferring
these items from a storage
medium into memory.
STORAGE
MEDIUM
MEMORY

6. STORAGE DEVICE
01
02
03
04
WRITING
The process of transferring
data, instructions, and
information from memory
to a storage medium.
MEMORY
STORAGE
MEDIUM
ACCESS TIME
Measures the amount of time it takes a storage
device to locate an item on a storage medium

7. MAGNETIC DISK
 uses magnetic particles to store
items such as data, instructions,
and information on a disk’s
surface
 two types: hard disk and floppy
disks
01
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8. 01
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SECTORS
TRACK
is a narrow recording band that
forms a full circle on the surface
of the disk
pie-shaped sections, which
break the tracks into small arcs
MAGNETIC DISK

9. HARD DISK
 a storage device that contains one
or more inflexible, circular platters
that store data, instructions, and
information
01
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10. 01
02
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LONGITUDINAL RECORDING
which aligned the magnetic particles
horizontally around the surface of the disk
HARD DISK
PERPENDICULAR RECORDING
hard disks align the magnetic particles
vertically, or perpendicular to the disk’s
surface, making much greater storage
capacities possible

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF A HARD DISK
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CAPACITY
CYLINDERS
REVOLUTIONS
PER MINUTE
PLATTERS
SECTORS
TRANSFER TIME
READ/WRITE
HEADS
TRACKS
ACCESS TIME

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF A HARD DISK
 Capacity – is determined from the
number of platters it contains,
together with composition of the
magnetic coating on the platters
 Platters - made of aluminum, glass,
or ceramic and is coated with an
alloy material that allows items to be
recorded magnetically on its surface
 Cylinders - the vertical section of a
track that passes through all platters
01
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13. CHARACTERISTICS OF A HARD DISK
 Head crash - occurs when a
read/write head touches the surface
of a platter, usually resulting in a loss
of data or sometimes loss of the
entire drive.
 Backup - a duplicate of a file,
program, or disk placed on a
separate storage medium that you
can use in case the original is lost,
damaged, or destroyed.
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14. CHARACTERISTICS OF A HARD DISK
01
02
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04

15. RAID
 means Redundant Array of
Independent Disks
 A group of two or more integrated
hard disks.
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16. NAS
 is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of
providing storage
 often use a RAID configuration
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17. MINIATURE HARD DISK
 Tiny hard disks which are smaller than the notebook computer hard
disks, often have form factors of 1.8 inch, 1 inch, and 0.85 inch
 Storage capacities: ranges from 4 GB to 160 GB.
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18. POCKET HARD DISK
 a self-contained unit that you insert in
and remove from a slot in a device or a
computer or plugs in a USB port on a
computer
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19. EXTERNAL & REMOVABLE HARD DISK
EXTERNAL
 a separate free-
standing hard disk
that connects with a
cable to a USB port or
FireWire port on the
system unit
INTERNAL REMOVABLE
01
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 Also called a fixed
disk.
 A hard disk mounted
inside the system
unit.
 a hard disk that you
insert and remove
from a drive

20. ADVANTAGES
 Transport a large number of files.
 Back up important files or an entire internal hard disk
 Easily store large audio and video files
 Secure your data; for example, at the end of a work session, remove the
hard disk and lock it up, leaving no data in the computer
 Add storage space to a notebook computer or Tablet PC
 Add storage space to a desktop computer without having to open the
system unit
 Share a drive with multiple computers
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21. HARD DISK CONTROLLERS
01
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 Disk controller - consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic
circuits that control the transfer of data, instructions, and information
from a disk to and from the system bus and other components in the
computer.
 Hard Disk Controller - may be part of a hard disk or the motherboard,
or it may be a separate adapter card inside the system unit.

22. HARD DISK INTERFACES
SATA
(Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment)
 the newest type of hard disk
interface
 uses serial signals to transfer
data, instructions, and
information.
 their cables are thinner,
longer, more flexible, and less
susceptible to interference.
01
02
03
04

23. HARD DISK INTERFACES
EIDE
(Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics)
 hard disk interface that uses
parallel signals to transfer
data, instructions, and
information. IDE interfaces
also provide connections for
CD and DVD drives and tape
drives.
01
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24. HARD DISK INTERFACES
SCSI
(Small Computer System Interface)
 which also use parallel signals,
can support up to eight or
fifteen peripheral devices.
01
02
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04

25. HARD DISK INTERFACES
SAS
(Serial-Attached SCSI)
 is a newer type of SCSI that
uses serial signals to transfer
data, instructions, and
information. –
 thinner, longer cables; reduced
interference; less expensive;
support for many more
connected devices at once; and
faster speeds.
01
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04

26. CLOUD STORAGE
 a service on the Web that provides hard disk storage to computer users,
for free or for a minimal monthly fee
01
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27. FLOPPY DISK
 Also called a Diskette
 A portable, inexpensive storage medium
that consists of a thin, circular, flexible
plastic Mylar film with a magnetic
coating enclosed in a square shaped
plastic shell.
01
02
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 a device that reads from and
writes on a floppy disk
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

28. OPTICAL DISCS
TAPE
PC CARDS
03.
01
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29. OPTICAL DISCS
 type of optical storage media that
consists of a flat, round, portable, disc
made of metal, plastic, and lacquer.
 primarily store software, data, digital
photographs, movies, and music.
 can be read only or read/write
 store items by using microscopic pits
(indentations) and lands (flat areas)
that are in the middle layer of the disc.
01
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30. 01
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 used by some optical drives that can etch labels
directly on a specially coated optical disc, as
opposed to placing an adhesive label on the disc.
LIGHTSCRIBE TECHNOLOGY

31. INSERTING OPTICAL DISCS INTO PC
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Press the drive’s eject button, which
pops out the tray.
Drop the disc into the tray, label side up.
Gently nudge the tray back into the
computer.

32. GUIDELINES FOR PROPER CARE
 Handle discs by the outer edge or the
center hole.
 Keep dirt or other foreign matter from
the disc.
 Return discs to storage cases immediately
after use.
 Do not touch the surface of the disc.
 Do not expose discs to extreme heat or
high humidity.
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33. FORMATS OF OPTICAL DISCS
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 Optical disc formats are described by capability, information form,
and disk size.
STORAGE TERM READ WRITE ERASE
CD-ROM Y N N
CD-R Y Y N
CD-RW Y Y Y
DVD-RO, BD-ROM, HD DVD-ROM Y N N
DVD-R, DVD+R, BD-R, HD DVD-R Y Y N
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD-
RE, HD DVD-RW
Y Y Y

34. CD-ROMs
 compact disc read-only memory
 cannot erase or modify contents
 typically holds 650 mb to 1 gb
01
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PICTURE CDs
 stores digital versions of film
using a jpg file format.
 allows you to print copies of the
photographs on paper with an
ink-jet printer.

35. HOW PICTURE CDs WORK?
01
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36. 01
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 compact disc-recordable
 is a multisession optical
disc on which users can
write, but not erase,
their own items such as
text, graphics, and
audio.
CD-R

37. 01
02
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04
 compact disc-rewritable
is an erasable
multisession disc you
can write on multiple
times.
 to write on a CD-RW
disc, you must have CD-
RW software and a CD-
RW drive.
CD-RW

38. 01
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 process of writing on
an optical disc.
BURNING
 process of copying
audio and/or video
data from a
purchased disc and
saving it on digital
media.
RIPPING

39. 01
02
03
04
DVD-ROMs
 digital versatile disc-read-
only memory or digital
video disc-read-only
memory
 is a high-capacity optical
disc on which users can
read but not write or
erase.
 stores movies, music,
huge databases, and
complex software

40. 01
02
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04
BD-ROMs
 Blu-ray Disc (BD) has
storage capacities of 100
GB, with expectations of
exceeding 200 GB in the
future.

41. 01
02
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04
HD DVD DISC
 stands for high-density-
DVD, has storage
capacities up to 60 GB
with future projections of
90 GB capacities

42. STORAGE CAPACITIES
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SLIDES LAYERS DVD-ROM BD-ROM HD DVD-
ROM
1 1 4.7 GB 25 GB 15 GB
1 2 8.5 GB 50 GB 30 GB
2 1 9.4 GB 50 GB 30 GB
2 2 17 GB 100 GB 60 GB

43. RECORDABLE & REWRITABLE DVDs
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 rewritable DVD drives can read a variety of DVD and CD media
 DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are three competing rewritable DVD
formats
 BD-RE and HD DVD-RW are competing high- capacity rewritable DVD
formats.

44. TAPE
 magnetically coated ribbon
of plastic capable of storing
large amounts of data and
information
 primarily used for backup
01
02
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45. 01
02
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TAPE DRIVE TAPE CARTRIDGE
is a small, rectangular, plastic
housing for tape
reads and writes data and
information on a tape
TAPE

46. HOW IS DATA STORED IN A TAPE?
Sequential Access
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 reads and writes data consecutively
 when writing or reading specific data, sequential
access is much slower than direct access

47. EXPRESS CARD
01
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PC CARD
 is a thin, credit-card-sized
removable flash memory
device that fits into a PC
Card slot.
 is a removable device, smaller
than a PC Card, that fits in an
ExpressCard slot.

48. PC CARDS & EXPRESSCARD MODULES
01
02
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 both pc cards and expresscard modules can be used to add memory,
storage, multimedia, and security capabilities to a computer.
 commonly used in notebook computers

49. MINIATURE MOBILE STORAGE
MEDIA MICROFILM & MICROFICHE
ENTERPRISE STORAGE
04.
01
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50. MINIATURE MOBILE STORAGE MEDIA
01
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 Miniature mobile storage media allow mobile users easily to transport
digital images, music, or documents to and from computers and other
devices.
FLASH
MEMORY
CARDS
USB FLASH
DRIVES
SMART CARDS

51. FLASH MEMORY CARDS
01
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 sometimes called a storage card.
 are small data storage devices
most often used in consumer
electronics such as cameras,
camcorders, computers, phones
and tablets
 can be used to store pictures,
music, movies, and other digital
media.
 can last from 10 to 100 years.

52. VARIOUS FLASH MEMORY CARDS
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MEDIA NAME STORAGE CAPACITY USE
Compact Flash
64 MB to 16 GB
Digital cameras, PDAs,
smart phones, photo
printers, portable media
players, notebook
computers, desktop
computers
Secure Digital
64 MB to 4 GB
Digital cameras, digital
video cameras, PDAs, smart
phones, photo printers,
portable media players

53. VARIOUS FLASH MEMORY CARDS
01
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MEDIA NAME STORAGE CAPACITY USE
xD Picture Card
64 MB to 2 GB
Digital cameras, photo
printers
Memory Stick
256 MB to 4 GB
Digital cameras, digital
video cameras, PDAs, photo
printers, smart phones,
handheld game consoles,
notebook computers

54. VARIOUS FLASH MEMORY CARDS
01
02
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MEDIA NAME STORAGE CAPACITY USE
Memory Stick
PRODuo
128 MB to 4 GB
Digital cameras, smart
phones, handheld game
consoles

55. USB FLASH DRIVE
01
02
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04
 sometimes called a pen drive or
thumb drive
 is a flash memory storage device
that plugs in a USB port on a
computer or mobile device.
 current USB flash drives have
storage capacities ranging from
32 MB to 64 GB.

56. SMART CARDS
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02
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04
 which is similar in size to a credit card
or ATM card, stores data on a thin
microprocessor embedded in the
card.
 contain a processor and have input,
process, output, and storage
capabilities.

57. MICROFILM AND MICROFICHE
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 Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on
roll or sheet film.
MICROFILM
Microfilm is a 100- to 250-foot
roll of film.
MICROFICHE
Microfiche is a small sheet of
film, usually about 4,3,6 inches.

58. MICROFILM AND MICROFICHE
01
02
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04
 A computer output microfilm recorder is the device that records the
images on the film. The stored images are so small that you can read them
only with a microfilm or microfiche reader.
MICROFILM READER MICROFICHE READER

59. MICROFILM AND MICROFICHE
01
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Applications of microfilm and microfiche are widespread.
 Libraries use these media to store back issues of newspapers,
magazines, and genealogy records.
 to archive inactive files.
 to store transactions and canceled checks.
 to store personnel records

60. MICROFILM AND MICROFICHE
01
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The use of microfilm and microfiche provides a number of advantages.
 greatly reduce the amount of paper
 inexpensive
 have the longest life of any storage media

61. MEDIA LIFE EXPECTANCIES
01
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MEDIA TYPE GUARANTEED LE POTENTIAL LE
Magnetic Disks 3 – 5 years 20 -30 years
Optical Discs 5 – 10 years 50 – 100 years
Microfilm 100 years 500 years

62. ENTERPRISE STORAGE
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 Enterprises use computers and computer networks to manage and
store huge volumes of data and information.
 Use special hardware geared for heavy use, maximum availability, and
maximum efficiency.

63. CATEGORIES OF USERS
01
02
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USER TYPICAL STORAGE DEVICES
HOME
 250 GB hard disk
 Online storage
 CD or DVD drive
 Card reader/writer
 USB flash drive
SMALL OFFICE/HOME
OFFICE
 500 GB hard disk
 Online storage
 CD or DVD drive
 External hard disk for backup
 USB flash drive

64. CATEGORIES OF USERS
01
02
03
04
USER TYPICAL STORAGE DEVICES
MOBILE
 100 GB hard disk
 Online storage
 CD or DVD drive
 Card reader/writer
 Portable hard disk for backup
 USB flash drive
POWER
 1.5 TB hard disk
 Online storage
 CD or DVD drive
 Portable hard disk for backup
 USB flash drive

65. CATEGORIES OF USERS
01
02
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USER TYPICAL STORAGE DEVICES
LARGE BUSINESS
 Desktop Computer
 500 GB hard disk
 CD or DVD drive
 Smart card reader
 Tape drive
 USB flash drive
 Server or Mainframe
 Network storage server
 40 TB hard disk system
 CD-ROM or DVD-ROM server
 Microfilm or microfiche

66. THANKS FOR
LISTENING
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