This document discusses binocular single vision, including: 1. Anatomical aspects of binocular vision development from the prenatal period through childhood, and factors like genetics that affect development. 2. Physiological aspects like binocular fusion, stereopsis, and depth perception, which allow for three-dimensional vision through the integration of the two eyes. 3. The development of binocular single vision involves both anatomical and physiological changes from infancy through adulthood to achieve fusion, stereopsis, and depth perception through binocular integration.

1. Binocular Single VisionDr.Ricky Barot DOMS,(DNB Cont.)Dr.Vinay Prasad MBBS, (DNB Cont.)

2. BACKGROUND Anatomical Aspects

3. Physiological AspectsANATOMICAL ASPECTSPre natal period

4. Just before birth

5. Post natal periodFACTORS AFFECTING Genetic & Molecular control

6. Onset of electrical activity

7. Receptive fields

8. Chemical mediators & Neuromodulatory transmittersGenetic & Molecular controlNormal structure development

9. Peripheral retinal development

10. Contour integrationELECTRICAL ACTIVITY Purpose

11. LTP & LTD

12. Cells that fire together wire together

13. Two distinct pathwaysRECEPTIVE FIELDSFurther refinement under influence of visual experience

14. Group of cells behave in a similar manner

15. On – center & Off – center cells

16. Receptive fields in cortexChemical mediators & Neuromodulatory TransmittersControls circular receptive fields of retinal cells

17. Influence the visual cortex via modulatory pathways from other sites within cerebral cortex

18. Critical period, Plastic period & Amblyopia Correlation with visual function development Visual Acuity

19. Contrast Sensitivity

20. Orientation Specificity & Motion Selectivity

21. Stereopsis : pre & post – stereoptic phasePHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS Visual Directions & Horoscope

22. Binocular Fusion

23. Dichoptic Stimulation

24. Stereopsis

25. Depth perception

26. Integration of Motor & sensory systemsVisual Directions & Horoscope Visual space vs. Physical space

27. Visual Directions