Stem cell research has progressed significantly since the 1960s when scientists first isolated stem cells. In 1998, James Thomson derived the first human embryonic stem cell lines from the inner cell mass of human embryos. There are two main sources of embryonic stem cells: in vitro fertilization embryos and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryonic stem cell research holds promise for developing treatments for diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and cancer. However, it also faces ethical debates because it involves the destruction of embryos. Both advantages and disadvantages of this research must be considered regarding its future.

2. • Research into stem cells grew out of findings
by Ernest A.McCulloch and James E. Till at
the University of Toronto in the 1960.
• In 1998, James Thomson (University of
Wisconsin-Madison) isolated cells from the
inner cell mass of the early embryo, and
developed the first human embryonic stem
cell lines.

10. • BLASTOCYST
• PLACENTA
• CHILDREN
• ADLUTS

14. Derivation and Use of Embryonic Stem
Cell Lines

15. Two Sources of
Embryonic Stem Cells

16. Stem cells from In Vitro
Fertilization(IVF)

17. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
The nucleus of a donated egg
is removed and replaced with the
nucleus of a mature, "somatic
cell" (a skin cell, for example).
No sperm is involved in this
process, and no embryo is
created to be implanted in a
woman’s womb.
The resulting stem cells can
potentially develop into
specialized cells that are useful
for treating severe illnesses.

18. • It provides medical benefits in the fields of
therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.
• It provides great potential for discovering
treatments and cures to a plethora of diseases
including Parkinson's
disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's
disease, cancer, spinal cord injuries, diabetes
and many more.
• Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from
stem cells and then used in transplants or to

19. •It will help scientists to learn about human growth
and cell development.
•Scientists and doctors will be able to test millions
of potential drugs and medicine, without the use of
animals or human testers. This necessitates a
process of simulating the effect the drug has on a
specific population of cells. This would tell if the
drug is useful or has any problems.
•Stem cell research also benefits the study of
development stages that cannot be studied
directly in a human embryo, which sometimes are
linked with major clinical consequences such as
birth defects, pregnancy-loss and infertility. A
more comprehensive understanding of normal
development will ultimately allow the prevention
or treatment of abnormal human development.

20. •Another advantage is that it holds the key to reversing
the effects of aging and prolonging our lives. It has
already found many treatments that help in slowing the
aging process, and a bonus of further research is a
possible 'cure' for aging altogether.
•An advantage of the usage of adult stem cells to treat
disease is that a patient's own cells could be used to
treat a patient. Risks would be quite reduced because
patients' bodies would not reject their own cells.
•Embryonic stem cells can develop into any cell types of
the body, and may then be more versatile than adult
stem cells.

21. Disadvantages of stem cells research
• The use of embryonic stem cells involves the
destruction of blastocysts formed from laboratoryfertilized human eggs. For those people who believe
that life begins at conception, the blastocyst is a
human life and to destroy it is immoral and
unacceptable.
• Like any other new technology, it is also completely
unknown what the long-term effects of such an
interference with nature could materialize.

22. •Embryonic stem cells may not be the solution for all
ailments.
•According to a new research, it was used on heart
disease patients. It was found that it can make their
coronary arteries narrower.
•A disadvantage is that they are pre-specialized, for
instance, blood stem cells make only blood, and brain
stem cells make only brain cells.
•These are derived from embryos that are not a
patient's own and the patient's body may reject them.

25. 




26. 
August
25, 2000, President
Clinton allowed funding
of research based on
cells from (aborted)
human fetal lines, but not
embryonic cells

On August
9, 2001, President Bush
announced his decision
to allow Federal funds to
be used only for research
on existing human
embryonic stem cell lines
created prior to his
announcement

27. Funding and Regulation of
Stem Cell Research
Federal
State
International
At all three levels of government, the future of stem
cell research is insecure. The research is strongly
supported by scientists and very much needed by
patients.
On the other hand those who oppose the research
are well-funded and determined to legislate it out of
existence.

28. Federal Legislation

29. State Legislation
• In 2003 there were 71 bills in 29 states
• Legislation supporting therapeutic cloning
research has been passed in California and
New Jersey.
• If it passes in November 2004, the “California
Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative” will
provide $3 billion over 10 years.

30. International Legislation

31. Stem Cell Research Worldwide

33. • Stem cell research is very important research in science to cure
many of disease.
• But stem cell research breaks all the rule of nature.
• Adult stem cell research is good research in science because in this
research we don’t murdered any other to save others life . In this
research patient have to be used his own stem cell to cure disease.
• Embryonic stem cell research is like to be a murdered to save other
life in this research we have to be used embryos inner cell mass
after which embryo destroyed.
• In embryonic stem cell human donate there embryo for money like
today many peoples donate there blood or organs for money.
• Therefore this research is good if use it in right manner another
wise it will be a very bad research in science .

34. • INTERNET
• STEM CELL RESEARCH STATUS AND ETHICS
BY:- RICHARD DEEM.