The document discusses steganography, which is the practice of hiding secret messages within other files like images, audio, or video. Some key points covered include: - Steganography works by replacing bits of unused data in cover files with hidden information. - Common techniques involve hiding data in the least significant bits of images, masking data in audio files, or embedding data in the headers of network packets. - Tools exist to perform steganography using various file types, with some providing encryption before hiding the data. - While steganography keeps the very existence of messages secret, it has disadvantages like low data hiding capacity compared to cryptography. The best security combines both steganography and cryptography.

1. STEGANOGRAPHY
Presented by:
Ruchitha
Rangu
205671863L

2. STEGANOGRAPHY
 Steganography comes from Greek word, it means covered or
secret writing.
Stegan - o - graphy
Covered + Writing
 Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden message in
such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended
recipient, suspects the existence of the message.
 Steganography works by replacing bits of useless or unused data
in regular computer files (such as graphics, sound, text, html or
even floppy disks) with bits of different, invisible information.

3.  This hidden information can be plain text, cipher text or even
images.
 In modern steganography, data is first encrypted by the usual
means and then inserted, using a special algorithm, into redundant
data that is part of a particular file format such as a JPEG image,
Bitmap image.

4.  Steganography process :
 Cover-media + Hidden data + Stego-key = Stego-medium
 Cover media:
 It is the file in which we will hide the hidden data
 Cover-media can be image or audio file.
 Stego-key:
 Cover-media can be encrypted using stego-key:
 Stego-medium:
 The resultant file is of above process called stego medium.

5. STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
1. Text Steganography
2. Image Steganography
3. Audio Steganography
4. Video Steganography
5. Network Steganography

6. TEXT STEGANOGRAPHY
 Text Steganography is hiding information inside the text files. It
involves things like changing the format of existing text, changing
words within a text, generating random character sequences or
using context-free grammars to generate readable texts.
 Various techniques used to hide the data in the text are:
• Format Based Method
• Random and Statistical Generation
• Linguistic Method

7. EXAMPLE OF TEXT STEGANOGRAPHY
Since everyone can read, encoding text
in neutral sentences is doubtfully effective
Since Everyone Can Read, Encoding Text
In Neutral Sentences Is Doubtfully Effective
‘Secret inside’

8. IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY
 Hiding the data by taking the cover object as the image is known
as image steganography.
 In digital steganography, images are widely used cover source
because there are a huge number of bits present in the digital
representation of an image.
 There are a lot of ways to hide information inside an image.
Common approaches include:
• Least Significant Bit Insertion
• Masking and Filtering
• Redundant Pattern Encoding
• Encrypt and Scatter
• Coding and Cosine Transformation

9. AUDIO STEGANOGRAPHY
 In audio steganography, the secret message is embedded into an
audio signal which alters the binary sequence of the corresponding
audio file.
 Hiding secret messages in digital sound is a much more difficult
process when compared to others, such as Image Steganography.
 Different methods of audio steganography include:
• Least Significant Bit Encoding
• Parity Encoding
• Phase Coding
• Spread Spectrum
 This method hides the data in WAV, AU, and even MP3 sound
files.

10. VIDEO STEGANOGRAPHY
 In Video Steganography you can hide kind of data into digital
video format. The advantage of this type is a large amount of data
can be hidden inside and the fact that it is a moving stream of
images and sounds. You can think of this as the combination of
Image Steganography and Audio Steganography. Two main
classes of Video Steganography include:
• Embedding data in uncompressed raw video and compressing it
later
• Embedding data directly into the compressed data stream

11. NETWORK STEGANOGRAPHY
 It is the technique of embedding information within network
control protocols used in data transmission such TCP, UDP, ICMP
etc.
 You can use steganography in some covert channels that you can
find in the OSI model. For Example, you can hide information in
the header of a TCP/IP packet in some fields that are
either optional.
 In today’s digitalized world, various software tools are available
for Steganography. In the remainder of this Steganography
Tutorial, we will explore some of the popular steganographic tools
and their capabilities.

12. BEST TOOLS TO PERFORM STEGANOGRAPHY
 There are many softwares available that offer steganography.
Some offer normal steganography, but a few offer encryption
before hiding the data.
 These are the steganography tools which are available for free:
• Stegosuite
• Steghide
• Xiao Steganography
• SSuite Picsel
• OpenPuff

13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
 Advantages:
 No one suspects existence of message
 Highly secure
 Disadvantages:
 It requires a lot of overhead to hide a relatively few bits of
information

14. STEGANOGRAPHY V/S CRYPTOGRAPHY
Steganography Cryptography
Unknown message passing Known message passing
Steganography prevents discovery of
the very existence of communication
Encryption prevents an unauthorized
party from discovering the contents of a
communication
Little known technology Common technology
Technology still being develop for
certain formats
Most of algorithm known by all
Once detected message is known
Strong current algorithm are resistant to
attacks ,larger expensive computing
power is required for cracking
Steganography does not alter the
structure of the secret message
Cryptography alter the structure of the
secret message

15. COMBINED CRYPTO- STEGANOGRAPHY

16. THANK YOU!