This is my first research-like paper. Glad it was assigned by group. It's indeed great to work with other people and bring out the best from all members and accomplish the task given!

1. Frequency of letters/words in a language
Objective
 Analysis of a language text, using graphical and pie chart techniques.
Description
1. The teacher may ask the students to work individually or in groups of two.
2. Students will select any paragraph containing approximately 250 words from any source
e.g. newspaper, magazine, textbook, etc.
Raw Data
Imagine winning a free trip abroad, including accommodations and pocket money, and a
chance to watch a big football match. Wouldn’t that be great if it happened to you?
The couple took in the sights at Cape Town, and of course, went shopping as well. “We were
also given a debit card worth US$1,200 on top of our pocket money!” Shei used her Gold Citi
card, which she claims saved the day when she ran out of cash in the local currency.
Shei Fuertez didn’t have to imagine it. Early this year, she filled up the back of a credit card
slip and dropped it off at Citibank in Alabang. “But I claimed the win already right from the
star,” she muses. And win, she did. In April, she and her boyfriend went on a four-day trip to
Cape Town, South Africa with a thousand US dollars for pocket money, and two tickets to a
FIFA match.
“It was our first time in South Africa, but it was even more exciting because it’s free. It was an
once-in-a-lifetime experience,” shares Shei, who absolutely loves to travel. The highlight of the
trip was the match between Spain and Portugal, which they watched from VIP box no less.
As from winning this fabulous trip, there are reasons why Shei has kept her Citi Card for the
past five years. “It has always been reliable. My job takes me to other countries and one time
my corporate credit card failed, I was able to use my Citi card. I also got my mom a
supplementary card so that even I’m not here, she cans use it for emergencies, ”Shei concludes.

2. 3. They will read every word and obtain a frequency table for each letter of the alphabet as
follows.
Table 1 Frequency of Each Letter
Letter
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Tally Marks
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-II
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-I
I
IIIII-I
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-I
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-I
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-I
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-I
II
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
I
Frequency
103
17
50
28
125
23
13
43
86
1
6
35
30
54
78
28
0
61
66
94
28
6
23
2
18
1

3. 4. They will note down the number of two- letter, three-letter words,… so on and obtain a
frequency table as follows:
Table 2 Frequency of More than One-Letter Words
Number of Words
Two letter
Three letter
For letter
Five letter
Six letter
Seven letter
Eight letter
Nine letter
Ten letter
Eleven letter
Twelve letter
Thirteen letter
Tally Marks
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIIIIIIII-I
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-IIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-II
IIIII-IIIII-I
IIIII-I
III
II
Frequency
43
64
66
29
18
17
11
6
3
0
0
2

4. 5. Select 10 different words from the text which have frequency greater than 1. Give ranks
1,2,3,…,10 in decreasing order of their frequency. Obtain a table as follows:
Table 3 Selected Words with Frequency Greater Than One
Selected words
Frequency
Rank
the
11
1
a
9
2
and
9
2
it
9
2
to
8
3
she
7
4
in
5
5
of
5
5
her
3
6
on
2
7
From Table 1
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
What is the most frequently occurring letter?
What is the least frequently occurring letter?
Compare the frequency of vowels?
Which vowel is most commonly used?
Which vowel has the least frequency?
Make a pie chart of the vowels a, e, i, o, u, and remaining letters. (The pie chart will thus
have 6 sectors).

5. Percentage of the Letters of the Alphabet
10%
A
12%
E
I
8%
O
59%
U
Consonants
8%
3%
From Table 2
a. Compare the frequency of two letter words,… and so on.
b. Make a pie chart. Note any interesting patterns.
Percentage of More than One-Letter Word
2% 1% 0%
4%
0% 1%
two-letter word
three-letter words
17%
four-letter words
7%
five-letter words
7%
six-letter words
seven-letter words
eight-letter words
11%
25%
nine-letter words
ten-letter words
eleven-letter words
25%
twelve-letter words
thirteen-letter words

6. From table 3
a. The relationship between the frequencies of a word to its rank.
b. Plot the graph between the frequency and reciprocal of work rank. What do you
observe? Do you see any interesting pattern?
c. Repeat the experiment by choosing text from any other language that you know
and see if any common pattern emerges.