A stapler comprises metal and plastic components that are manufactured through various processes like stamping, molding, and assembly. Main metal components include the base, anvil, magazine, and head, which are held together by rivets. Springs are made through coiling or bending metal sheets and are used to apply pressure. Plastic parts are molded using liquid plastic injected into dies. The components are assembled and finished through steps like painting before the staplers are ready to join sheets of paper.