The document discusses design parameters for opencast mine benches. It outlines that bench width should be at least twice the width of the largest hauling vehicle plus clearance. The bench face slope is usually maintained at 60 degrees from horizontal. Haul roads should be at least three times the width of the largest vehicle and have a gradient of 1 in 16 to allow movement of haul trucks. Short ramps between benches can have a steeper gradient of 1 in 10 for heavy machinery.