There are 5 continents: Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. The 5 oceans are the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern oceans. Some of the most important rivers include the Nile and Amazon, while the highest mountain ranges are the Himalayas and Andes. Major islands and archipelagos consist of Greenland, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Each continent contains multiple countries, with examples being India, Canada, Japan, and Argentina and their respective capitals.