This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on Shaiv Cult. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and recommended research article.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic informations related to the Religion of vedic and later vedic period. This presentations is not complete and it is advise to the students to get further informations in the related books.
Religion and sacrifice of later vedic periodVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for BA students to get basic idea of the subject. This presentation is very basic and needs further additions and improvements. Students are advised to get more details on the university referred books and other material.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on Shaiv Cult. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and recommended research article.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic informations related to the Religion of vedic and later vedic period. This presentations is not complete and it is advise to the students to get further informations in the related books.
Religion and sacrifice of later vedic periodVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for BA students to get basic idea of the subject. This presentation is very basic and needs further additions and improvements. Students are advised to get more details on the university referred books and other material.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
छठी शताब्दी ईसा पूर्व की आर्थिक दशाएँ .pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
पूर्व-मध्य कालीन अर्थव्यवस्था की विशेषताएँ .pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptx, प्राचीन भारतीय वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
समुद्री व्यापार.pptx Maritime Trade in IndiaVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War .pdfVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
गुप्त कालीन अर्थव्यवस्था .pptx, Economy of Gupta PeriodVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” .pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Origin of physical form and structures in Indian architecture.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Town Planning depicted in Kautilya Arthashatra.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
3. • तीर्थ: पवित्र स्र्ल/स्र्ान
• हर धर्थ र्ें क
ु छ विशिष्ट स्र्लों की पवित्रता
• पवित्र अर्िा तीर्थ स्र्लों र्ें भगिान का ननिास होता है।
• ऋग्िेद र्ें तीर्थ िब्द प्रयुक्त हुआ है (र्ागथ एिं सड़क क
े अर्थ र्ें)
• ऋग्िेद र्ें तीर्थ नदी क
े सर्ीप बताया है।
• तै॰स॰ एिं िाज॰ स॰: तीर्ों र्ें रुद्रों का विचरण
• सूत्र - स्र्ृनत ग्रंर्ो और र्हाकाव्यों र्ें तीर्थ की र्हत्ता प्रस्तुत है।
• स्क
ं द पुराण: जहां संत रहते है, िह तीर्थ है।
• ब्राह्र्ण पुराण: तीर्थ र्ें व्यक्क्त व्यक्क्त र्हान कायथ करता है।
Title
4. • पुराण: तीर्थ यज्ञो से भी ज़्यादा र्हत्िपूणथ
• पद्र्, र्त्स्य पुराण: िैददक यज्ञ जदटल एिं व्यिसाध्य होने से
यज्ञों द्िारा प्राप्त लक्ष्य तीर्थ यात्रा से प्राप्त हो सकता है।
• तीर्थयात्रा पे जाना पुण्य कर्थ का कार्
• तीर्थ यात्रा व्यक्क्त को िुद्ध करती है।
• सार्ाक्जक / धाशर्थक दानयत्ि (संस्कार) का ननिथहन
• तीर्थस्र्लों पर ककए गए व्रत और दान पुण्य कायथ सर्झे जाते
है।
• तीर्थयात्रा धाशर्थक किया क
े सार् पयथटन भी है, जो तीर्थस्र्ल
क
े शलए र्हत्िपूणथ है।
5. 1. धाशर्थक वििेषताओं क
े कारण
2. ऋवष-र्ुनन क
े तप:साधना करने क
े कारण
3. जलीय स्र्ल की अनोखी रर्णीयता क
े कारण
• तीर्थ सभी क
े शलए है।
• चारों िणथ इसर्ें सहभागी होते है।
• क्स्त्रयों को भी सर्ान अधधकार
• रोगी, रोगग्रस्त, विधिा, गरीब, अपंग सभी
तीर्थ क
े प्रकार एिं कर्थ
6. • ऋग्िेद: नददयों को श्रद्धा स्र्ान कहा गया है।
• ऋग्िेद: नददयों को दैिी िक्क्त पूणथ
• तै॰ संदहता: सभी देिता जल र्ें क
ें दद्रत है।
• अर्िथिेद: जल=िुद्ध, पवित्र करनेिाला
• ऋग्िेद: सरस्िती क
े तीर्थ क
े उल्लेख
• ऋग्िेद: पिथतों की घादटयााँ एिं नददयों क
े संगर् पवित्र है।
7. • काशलदास: दहर्ालय को देितात्र्ा (देिों का ननिास) कहा
है।
• राजतरंधगनी: गया क
े तीर्थयात्रा पे जाने पर कोई कर नही
चुकाना पड़ेगा।
• राजा जयशसंह शसद्धराज, अनदहलिाड, गुजरात ने
सोर्नार् की तीर्थ यात्रा पर छ
ू ट दी र्ी।
• यक्ष:कणथ देि और धंग, कलचुरी नरेि इन्होंने प्रयाग तीर्थ
तीर्थ यात्रा क
े ऐनतहाशसक प्रर्ाण
8. • चर : चलायर्ान गंगा, यर्ुना, नर्थदा नदी
• स्र्िर : क्स्र्र पिथत , जंगल, स्र्ान: र्लयधगरी पिथत,
दंडकारण्य, बद्रीनार्,
• कृ त: बनाना, गया = गयासुर राक्षस क
े िध उपरांत
• अकृ त: धचरकाल से पवित्र: कािी, प्रयाग, क
ै लास
• दैि : देिों से सम्बन्ध, गोिधथन,
• र्ानुष: इंसान क
े कारण तीर्थ, नैम्यषारण्य
• असुर: गयासुर असुर =गया
• आषथ: ऋवष-संत का सम्बन्ध, रार्नतर्थ,
• तीर्ाथटन: तीर्थ का सबसे र्हत्िपूणथ क्षेत्र
• उपतीर्थ: तीर्थ क
े अन्य र्हत्िपूणथ क्षेत्र
9. • िनपिथ एिं अनुिासन पिथ क
े अनुसार
1. उच्च नैनतक एिं आध्याक्त्र्क गुण
2. विद्या,तप प्राप्त है
3. अहंकार रदहत
4. कपटाचरण से दूर
5. क्जतेंदद्रय
6. अिोधी
7. सत्यशिल
8. दृढ़व्रती
9. दोषर्ुक्त
10.कलंकरदहत
11.िुद्धर्न (र्निुद्धध)
• तीर्थयात्रा से पूणथ फल प्राप्त कर सकते है।
10. 1. तीर्थ से पाप नष्ट होते है
2. र्न की िुद्धध होती है
3. अनेक दोषों से र्ुक्त
4. सज्जन की धर्थिृद्धध
5. सभी िणो को तीर्थ फल
6. सभी आश्रर्ों को उधचत पुण्य
7. र्निुद्धध
8. सम्पूणथ अशभलाषा की प्राक्प्त
9. र्ोक्ष प्राक्प्त
10. पापयोननयो से र्ुक्क्त (कािी)
11. 1. ब्रह्र् पु॰: यात्रा क
े एक ददन पूिथ से ब्रह्र्चयथपूिथ
2. ब्रह्र् पु॰: यात्रा क
े एक ददन पूिथ उपिास
3. यात्रा पूिथ वपतरों, ब्राह्र्ण का सम्र्ान
4. विशिष्ट पररधान (कपटी) धारण करना चादहए
5. ग्रार् की पररिर्ा
6. र्ुंडन करना चादहए (एकर्त नही)
7. बैलगाड़ी पर प्रिास िक्जथत (र्त्स्य)
8. पैदल यात्रा
9. नंगे पैर
12. • स्क
ं द पुराण: तीन लाख पचास हजार (३,५०,०००)
• र्त्स्य पुराण: ३५ करोड़
• पद्र् पुराण: १० करोड़
13. • त्रत्र -स्र्लीसेतु, पंडडत नारायण भट्ट : कािी, प्रयाग
और गया
• अन्य तीर्थ : क
ु रुक्षेत्र, उज्जैन, बद्रीनार्, क
ै लािनार्
आदद।
• त्रत्र -स्र्लीसेतु क
े अनुसार
1.प्रयाग: िपन
2.कािी: र्ृत्यु और
3.गया: वपण्ड दान
14. • विश्ि क
े प्राचीनतर् जीिंत िहरों र्ें से एक
• शिि क
े सार् सम्बन्ध (शिि की वप्रयनगरी) और
• पवित्र नदी गंगा का उत्तरिादहनी होना
• अकृ त तीर्थ : धचरकाल से पवित्र
• द्िादि ज्योनतशलिंगों र्ें से एक
• भारतीयों क
े शलए धाशर्थक पवित्रता, पुण्य और विद्या का
प्रतीक।
15. • अक़्र्ा उत्खनन र्ें उत्तर िेददक काल क
े प्रर्ाण
• राजघाट क
े उत्खनन र्ें आद्य लौह युग क
े प्रर्ाण
• राजघाट क
े उत्खनन से र्हाजनपद से र्ध्ययुग तक क
े प्रर्ाण
• अनेक प्राचीन शसक्क
े एिं अििेष
• पाणणनन क
े र्हाभाष्य र्ें िणथन
• प्राचीन बौद्ध ग्रंर् र्हापररननब्बानसुत्त र्ें िणथन
• जैन ग्रंर् कल्पसूत्र र्ें िणथन
• अनेक जातक कर्ाओं र्ें उल्लेख
• अश्िघोष क
े बुद्धचररत र्ें उल्लेख
• फादहयन कािी र्ें आया र्ा
• अनेक पुराणों र्ें उल्लेख
16. • नार्: िाराणसी, कािी, अविर्ुक्त, आनन्दकानन, र्हाश्र्िान
कािी: काि (चर्कना)
िाराणसी: िरुणा + अस्सी नददयों क
े बीच (उत्तर-दक्षक्षण)
अविर्ुक्त: शिि ने कभी इसे छोड़ा नही (त्यक्त्)
आनन्दकानन: शिि को यह नगरी प्यारी है, उन्हें आनन्द देती
है।
र्हाश्र्िान: यह लोगों को संसार से र्ुक्क्त ददलाती है।
17. • ितपर् ब्रा॰: कािी का तीर्थ का सन्दभथ आया है।
• पाणणनन: कािी नगर का उल्लेख आया है।
• प्राचीन बौद्ध ग्रंर् र्हापररननब्बान सुत्त एिं र्हासुद्दनसुत र्ें
कािी का उल्लेख आया है।
• पुराणों र्ें अत्यधधक िणथन
• स्क
ं द पुराण र्ें कािी र्ाहात्म्य र्ें कािी का विस्तृत िणथन
• विष्णुपुराण: िाराणसी, कािी, अविर्ुक्त
• र्त्स्य, क
ू र्थ, शलंग, पद्र्,अक्ग्न,स्क
ं द, नारदीय पुराणों र्ें कािी
की प्रिक्स्त गयी गयी है।
• क
े िल कािीखण्ड र्ें १५००० श्लोक है।
• हेनस्तांग: बनारस र्ें १०० र्ंददर र्े। (र्हेश्िर की १०० फीट ऊ
ाँ ची
ताम्र प्रनतर्ा)
18. 1. र्ोक्ष प्राक्प्त का स्र्ल “ कािी र्रणार् र्ुक्क्त”
2. ब्रम्हहत्या क
े पाप से र्ुक्क्त (िनपिथ)
3. यहााँ प्रिेि करते ही सहस्त्र जीिनों र्ें ककए हुए पाप कर्थ नष्ट होते
है।(र्त्स्य)
4. पापी, अधाशर्थक व्यक्क्त भी अगर यह र्ृत्यु पाए तो र्ोक्ष का भागीदार होता
है।(पद्र्,र्त्स्य)
5. पुनजथन्र् से र्ुक्क्त
6. क
ू र्थपुराण: िाराणसी से बढ़कर कोई तीर्थ नही है, ना ही होगा
7. अविर्ुक्त र्ें र्रने से कभी पतन नही होता (र्त्स्य)
8. कािी क
े स्र्िान भी पवित्र होते है
9. र्त्स्य पुराण: कािी सिोत्तर् तीर्थ, कािी से बाहर ना जाए इसीशलए पैर
काटने का उल्लेख
10.पापयोननयो से र्ुक्क्त (अविर्ुक्त)
11.र्त्स्य पुराण: ब्रह्र्हत्या क
े पाप से र्ुक्क्त, र्ोक्ष प्राक्प्त
19. • कािीखण्ड र्ें ६४ शलंगो का उल्लेख
• विश्िेश्िर या कािी विश्िनार् र्ंददर
• पंचतीर्थ
1.लोलाक
थ तीर्थ (अस्सी-गंगा संगर्)
2.दिास्िर्ेध घाट
3.र्णणकणणथका
4.पंचगंगा घाट
5.िरुणा-गंगा संगर्
20. • कािी विश्िनार् र्ंददर बारह ज्योनतशलिंगो र्ें से एक ।
• ऐसा र्ाना जाता है कक एक बार इस र्ंददर क
े दिथन करने और गंगा
र्ें स्
नान कर लेने से र्ोक्ष की प्राक्प्त होती है।
21. • पंचकोिी यात्रा अत्यंत पुण्य कर्थ
• कािीखण्ड र्ें उल्लेख
• पंचकोिी का विस्तार लगभग ८० ककर्ी का है, इसर्ें सैकडों तीर्थ है।
• र्णणकणणथका को क
ें द्र र्ानकर ५ कोस क
े व्यास से िाराणसी क
े चारों
और क
े क्षेत्र को पंचकोिी कहते है।
1. प्रर्र् ददन: र्णणकणणथका से ६ र्ील दूर गंगा तट होते हुए खाण्डि
गाि र्ें विश्रार्
2. दूसरे ददन: धूपचंडी ग्रार् तक यात्रा ८-१० र्ील (धूपचंडी देिी की
पूजा)
3. तीसरा ददन: रार्ेश्िर ग्रार् तक १४ र्ील
4. चौर्ा ददन: शििपुर ग्रार्, ८ र्ील
5. पााँचिा ददन: कवपलधारा ६ र्ील (वपतरों का श्राद्ध)
6. छठा ददन: कवपलधारा से िरुणा-संगर् होते हुए र्णणकणणथका, साक्षी
22. • शलंग, पद्र्, क
ू र्थ पुराणों र्ें शलंग तीर्ों का उल्लेख
• कािीखण्ड १४ र्हाशलंग का उल्लेख
1. ओंकार
2. त्रत्रलोचन
3. र्हादेि
4. कृ वत्तिास
5. रत्नेश्िर
6. चंद्रेश्िर
7. क
े दार
8. धर्ेश्िर
9. िीरेश्िर
10.कार्ेश्िर
11.विश्िकरर्ेश्िर
12.र्णणकणणथि
13.अविर्ुक्त
14.विश्िेश्िर
24. • कािीखण्ड र्ें
िणथन
• शिि (ईिान) को
विश्िेश्िरशलंग क
े
िीतल जल र्ें
स्नान करने की
इच्छा हुई तब
उन्होंने त्रत्रिूल से
क
ुं ड खोदा एिं उसी
जल से
विश्िेश्िरशलंग को
स्नान कराया।
• शिि “ज्ञान” होने से
इसका नार्
ज्ञानिापी
25. • विश्िेश्िर र्ददर से २
ककर्ी पर क्स्र्त
• भैरिनार् कािी क
े
कोतिाल
• इनका िाहन श्िान
है, आयुध दंड
(लाठी) है
•
भैरिनार् र्ंददर
26. • वपत्र श्राद्ध करना चादहए
• वपण्डदान करना चादहए
• तप करने क
े शलए उपयुक्त स्र्ान
27.
28. • गया, त्रबहार का एक र्हत्िपूणथ िहर है, जो फल्गु नदी क
े तट पर क्स्र्त है।
• यह क्जले का र्ुख्यालय और त्रबहार राज्य का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा िहर है।
• गया चारों ओर से छोटी पहाडड़यों से नघरा है, उत्तर-पक्श्चर् से र्ुरली पहाड़,
पक्श्चर् से कटारी पिथत, उत्तर-पूिथ र्ें रार्शिला, पूिथ र्ें अबधगला की पहाड़ी तर्ा
दक्षक्षण से ब्रह्र्योनन पहाड़ से नघरा है।
• गया र्ें वपतृ पक्ष का वििेष र्हत्ि है, इसर्ें वपतरों का पूजन ककया जाता है।
• वपतृपक्ष क
े अिसर पर यहााँ हजारों श्रद्धालु वपंडदान क
े शलये आते हैं।
• िैष्णि तीर्थ
• गयासुर की गार्ा ॰॰॰॰॰
30. • अर्िथिेद: गय नार्क जादूगर (असुर?) क
े उल्लेख
• र्॰ पांडुरंग िार्न काणे :यही गय आगे गयासुर र्ें परािनतथत
• विष्णुधर्थसूत्र: गयािीषथ
• र्हािग्ग जातक: गयासीस (गयािीषथ)
• उत्तराध्ययनसूत्र: गय का राज्य गया क
े चारों और
• अश्िघोष क
े बुद्धचररत: बुद्ध ऋवष गय क
े आश्रर् र्ें आए
• विष्णुपुराण: ब्रम्हा की पूिथ िेदी
• असुर तीर्थ: गयासुर क
े नार् पे “ गया”
• गया र्ाहात्म्य (िायुपुराण) र्ें गया क
े श्राद्ध क
े विषय र्ें र्हत्िपूणथ
जानकारी है।
• िनपिथ र्ें गया क
े तीर्ों क
े विषय र्ें वििेचन है।
• फदहयांन: उसक
े सर्य तक दहंदू धर्थ का नगर गया सर्ाप्त प्राय र्ा।
• हेनस्यांग: यहााँ ब्राह्र्ण क
े १००० क
ु ल र्े।
गया क
े उल्लेख
31. • िनपिथ: “ व्यक्क्त को कई पुत्रों की अशभलाषा करनी चादहए और यदी उनर्ें
से कोई भी गया जाता है या अश्िर्ेध करता है तो वपतर तृप्त हो जाते है”।
• िनपिथ: पवित्र नदी फल्गु (र्हानदी), गयशिरस, अक्षयिट र्ें वपतरों को
ददया गया भोजन अक्षय हो जाता है।
• विष्णु धर्थसूत्र: श्राद्ध योग्य ५५ तीर्ों र्ें ६ गया क
े है।
• याज्ञिल्क : गया र्ें व्यक्क्त जो क
ु छ दान देता है उससे अक्षय फल शर्लता
है।
• अत्रत्र-स्र्ृनत: वपतरों क
े शलए गया जाना, फल्गु-स्नान करना, वपतृतपणथ
करना, गया र्ें गदाधर (विष्णु) एिं गयािीषथ का दिथन करना िणणथत है।
• शलणखतस्र्ृनत: गया तीर्थ र्ें वपण्डदान करने क
े बाद जो नरक र्ें होता है
िह स्िगथ र्ें जाता है, और जो स्िगथ र्ें होता है िह र्ोक्ष पाता है।
• र्त्स्य: गया सिथश्रेष्ठ तीर्थ है और िहााँ ब्रम्हा रहते है।
गया का िणथन
32. • गयार्ाहात्म्य (िायु पुराण): गय ने यज्ञ ककया उसी क
े नार् पे गया का
नार्करण हुआ।
• गया र्ें श्राद्ध करने से सभी र्हापातक नष्ट होते है।
• गया र्ें नार् एिं गोत्र क
े सार् वपण्ड पाने से िाश्ित ब्रम्ह की प्राक्प्त होती है।
• गया र्ें श्राद्ध द्िारा प्राप्त र्ोक्ष सिोत्तर् है।
• जो गया र्ें श्राद्ध करता है िह वपतृंऋण से र्ुक्त हो जाता है।
• गया र्ें श्राद्ध ककसी भी सर्य ददया जाता है।
• गया कक िैतरणी नदी र्ें स्नान करने से क
ु ल की २१ पीदढ़यों की रक्षा होती है।
• गया र्ें कोई भी ऐसा स्र्ल नही जो प्रशसद्ध हो।
गया-र्ाहात्म्य क
े अनुसार
33.
34. िनपिथ क
े अनुसार॰॰॰
1. फल्गु नदी (फल्गुतीर्थ)
2. गयशिरस (गयािीषथ)
3. अक्षयिट
4. ब्रह्र्सर
• विष्णुधर्थसूत्र पुराण
1. उत्तर र्ानस
2. विष्णुपद
3. र्तंग-िापी
गया क
े र्ुख्य तीर्थ क्षेत्र
35. • उपयोगी िस्तुयें
1. पायस ( दूध र्ें पकाया चािल)
2. पका चािल
3. जौ का आटा
4. फल
5. क
ं दर्ूल
6. नतल
7. शर्ठाई
8. दही
9. र्धु से ननशर्थत गुड
• विधध:
1. वपण्डासन बनाना
2. वपण्डदान करना (र्ुक्ष्टका)
3. क
ु ि पर पुनः जल नछड़कना
4. ब्राह्र्ण को दक्षक्षणा
5. ब्राह्र्ण को भोजन देने की घोषणा
वपत्र वपण्ड
कतथव्य
1. विषयशभलाषा का त्याग
2. िोध का त्याग
3. लोभ का त्याग
4. ब्रह्र्चयथ का पालन
5. सत्यिचनी
6. िुद्ध
7. कल्याणकारी
8. नदी र्ें स्नान
9. गोदान
36. 1. विष्णुपद र्ंददर- गया क
े पूिी पहाड़ी पर क्स्र्त है, यह र्ंददर िैष्णिों क
े शलए एक
प्रर्ुख तीर्थ स्र्ल है।
2. र्ंगलागौरी िक्क्तपीठ:- भस्र्क
ू ट पिथत पर क्स्र्त। काशलका पुराण क
े अनुसार
गया र्ें सती का स्तन र्ंडल भस्र्क
ू ट पिथत क
े ऊपर धगरकर दो पत्र्र बन गये
र्े। इस िक्क्तपीठ र्ें र्नुष्य अपने जीिन काल र्ें ही अपना श्राद्ध कर्थ
संपाददत कर सकता है।
3. प्रेत शिला पिथत – यह पिथत गया से छह र्ील उत्तर-पक्श्चर् र्ें अिक्स्र्त है।
पहाड़ क
े ऊपरी भाग र्ें लंबी प्राकृ नतक दरार है क्जसे योनन की संज्ञा दी जाती
है जो र्ातृयोनन और वपतृयोनन क
े नार् से प्रशसद्ध है। इस योनन से होकर गुजरने
से र्नुष्य पुनजथन्र् क
े भय से र्ुक्त हो जाता है।
4. ब्रह्र्योनन:- ब्रह्र्योनन पहाड़ यहााँ क
े र्ुख्य पहाड़ र्ें से एक है
5. फल्गु नदी
6. अक्षयिट
गया तीर्थ क
े विशिष्ट क्षेत्र
37. • ७ ददनो की यात्रा
1. प्रर्र् ददन: फल्गु र्ें स्नान, तपथण एिं प्रेतशिला र्ें श्राद्ध, (प्रेतक्स्र्नत से र्ुक्क्त)
रार्नतर्थ र्ें स्नान, यर्राज पिथत पर क
ु त्तों (श्यार्, िबल) को बशल (क
ु ि, नतल,
जल)
2. दूसरा ददन: प्रेतपिथत पर जाक
े ब्रम्हक
ुं ड र्ें स्नान, तपथण एिं श्राद्ध,(वपत्र ऋण से
र्ुक्त)
3. तीसरे ददन: पंचतीर्ी कृ त्य करने चादहए, उत्तर र्ानस र्ें स्नान, देिों को तपथण एिं
वपतरों को जल एिं श्राद्ध। दक्षक्षण र्ानस र्ें श्राद्ध फल्गुतीर्थ र्ें वपंडो क
े सार्
श्राद्ध और तपथण (कताथ र्ुक्क्त पाते है )
4. चौर्ा ददन: धर्ाथरण्य (जहााँ यज्ञ ककया र्ा) र्ें र्तंग िापी स्नान करना चादहए तर्ा
ब्रम्हतीर्थ क
ू प पर तपथण एिं श्राद्ध, र्हाबोधध िृक्ष को प्रणार् करक
े श्राद्ध रखने का
उल्लेख।
5. पााँचिा ददन: ब्रम्हसर र्ें स्नान और ब्रम्हक
ु प एिं ब्रम्हयूप क
े र्ध्य र्ें वपण्ड क
े सार्
श्राद्ध, ब्रम्हसार क
े जल से िृक्षों को पानी (वपतरों की रक्षा)
6. छाँटा ददन: फल्गु र्ें स्नान और गयाशिषथ क
े स्र्लों र्ें श्राद्ध
7. सातिााँ ददन: गदालोल तीर्थ र्ें स्नान और वपण्ड क
े सार् श्राद्ध, अक्षयिट पे श्राद्ध
गया तीर्थयात्रा
38. • गया र्ें र्ुंडन नही होता
• गयािाल ब्राह्र्ण को ही पूजन पड़ता है।
• गया र्ें कभी भी श्राद्ध कर सकते है।
• ककसी भी सर्य
• अधधक र्ास र्ें भी, जन्र्-नतधर् पर भी, ककसी भी राशि
र्ें
• गया र्ें व्यक्क्त अपना भी श्राद्ध कर सकते है (नतल क
े
त्रबना)
• गया र्ें कोई भी संबंधी या असंबधध कर सकता है।
• र्ोक्ष चार प्रकार का
१॰ ब्रह्र्ज्ञान २॰ गयाश्राद्ध ३॰ गायों को बचाने से ४॰
गया तीर्थ क
े िैशिष्ट