Presented by Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at ILRI Addis Ababa, 2 May 2011.
Gender, livestock and livelihood indicators: An updateILRI
Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck, Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at the Livestock and Fish Gender Initiative Meeting, Nairobi, 8-12 June 2015
Presented by Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at ILRI Addis Ababa, 2 May 2011.
Gender, livestock and livelihood indicators: An updateILRI
Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck, Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at the Livestock and Fish Gender Initiative Meeting, Nairobi, 8-12 June 2015
Application of nuclear and genomic technologies for improving livestock produ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the IAEA International Symposium on Sustainable Animal Production and Health—Current Status and Way Forward, Vienna, 28 June-2 July 2021
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
The Impact of the Promotion of Row Planting on Farmers’ Teff Yield in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Performance recording and bull evaluation: Contrasting experiencesILRI
Presented by Enyew Negussie, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), at the African Dairy Genetic Gains Program Annual Planning Meeting, 20-23 February 2017
Environmental footprint of African livestock systems- case studies in KenyaILRI
Presented by Phyllis Ndung’u at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Presented by Steve Kemp, ILRI, at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Community-based small ruminant breeding programs—Attractive option in low inp...ILRI
Presented by Tesfaye Getachew and Aynalem Haile at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ...ILRI
Presented by Okeyo Mwai, Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu and Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes at the CTLGH-ACIAR Convening workshop, Nairobi, 30 September 2022
Application of nuclear and genomic technologies for improving livestock produ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the IAEA International Symposium on Sustainable Animal Production and Health—Current Status and Way Forward, Vienna, 28 June-2 July 2021
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
The Impact of the Promotion of Row Planting on Farmers’ Teff Yield in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Performance recording and bull evaluation: Contrasting experiencesILRI
Presented by Enyew Negussie, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), at the African Dairy Genetic Gains Program Annual Planning Meeting, 20-23 February 2017
Environmental footprint of African livestock systems- case studies in KenyaILRI
Presented by Phyllis Ndung’u at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Presented by Steve Kemp, ILRI, at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Community-based small ruminant breeding programs—Attractive option in low inp...ILRI
Presented by Tesfaye Getachew and Aynalem Haile at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
Potential application of lessons from dairy genetics into beef: Lessons from ...ILRI
Presented by Okeyo Mwai, Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu and Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes at the CTLGH-ACIAR Convening workshop, Nairobi, 30 September 2022
The role of reliable data collection systems for improved livestock genetics ...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango and Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu at the Workshop on sustainable development of Burundi's dairy sector--Partners of the regional integrated agricultural development in the great lakes (PRDAIGL) project workshop, Burundi, 2–3 November 2022
Field testing—A conceptual framework for innovation platform impact assessmen...ILRI
Presented by Pham Ngoc Diep (ILRI and University of Bonn), Jean-Joseph Cadilhon (ILRI) and Brigitte Maass (CIAT) at the 6th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture (AACAA), Nairobi, Kenya, 27 October 2014
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvementILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the Third Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 7-11 June 2021
Genomics selection in livestock: ILRI–ICARDA perspectivesILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode (ILRI), Joram Mwacharo (ICARDA) and Olivier Hanotte (ILRI) at the Workshop on Implementing Genomic Selection in CGIAR Breeding Programs, Montpellier, 10-12 December 2015
Dr. Myriah Johnson - Industry Perspective on Traceability - A Panel DiscussionJohn Blue
Industry Perspective on Traceability - A Panel Discussion - Moderator: Mr. Glenn Fischer. Panelists Mr. Chuck Adami, President & CEO, Equity Cooperative Livestock Association; Mr. Jim Lovell, Cattle Procurement, Bartlett Cattle Company; Ms. Maureen Phelon, Manager, Dairy ID Programs, Holstein Association, USA; Dr. Myriah Johnson, Agricultural Economics Consultant, Noble Research Institute, from the 2018 NIAA Annual Conference, Livestock Traceability: Opportunities for Animal Agriculture, plus the Traceability and the Real World Interactive Workshop, April 10 - 12, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeUDeS810OcOfuEYwj1oHKQ
Systems Analysis for Sustainable Innovation (SASI): A new flagship in the Li...ILRI
Presented by An Notenbaert (CIAT) at the Livestock and Fish Expert Workshop on Systems Analysis for Value Chain Transformation, Amsterdam, 19 November 2014
Developing innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to livestock ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Julie Ojango, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the 12th World Conference on Animal Production (WCAP), Vancouver, Canada, 5-8 July 2018
An Overview of Genomic Selection and FertilityDAIReXNET
In this webinar, released July 18, 2016, Dr. Hansen joined us to discuss genomic selection as it relates to fertility traits. Learn about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the challenges in selecting for reproductive traits, and some of the current work in overcoming those challenges.
Innovative digital technology and genomic approaches to dairy cattle genetic...ILRI
Presented by R. Mrode, J. Ojango, Ekine Chinyere, John Gibson and Okeyo Mwai at the Strategic Interest Research Group Meeting on Genetic Improvement of Livestock II, IITA, Ibadan, 2-3 September 2019
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Dr. Chris Hostetler - National Pork Board Initiative to Improve Sow Lifetime ...John Blue
National Pork Board Initiative to Improve Sow Lifetime Productivity - Dr. Chris Hostetler, National Pork Board, from the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2012-leman-swine-conference-material
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvement in s...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu, Julie Ojango and Mwai Okeyo at the ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting & Trade Show, Oklahoma, USA, 26-30 June 2022
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
Lessons from the past: How performance data availability and quality has led to genetic and economic gains in different breeds
1. Lessons from the past: How performance data
availability and quality has led to genetic and
economic gains in different breeds
Raphael Mrode, ILRI
7 All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture (AACAA), Accra,
Ghana, 29 July–2 August 2019
2. Outline
• Foundational role of data in genetic gain and
economic returns
• Importance of data for sustainable selective
breeding
– Dairy cattle, Poultry , beef cattle
• Obvious trends from the past lessons
• Conclusion
2
3. Foundational role of data in genetic
gains and economic returns
• Genetic improvement programs have delivered huge
economic returns
• In the UK dairy industry benefits of genetic
improvement estimated to be between £2.2 billion and
£2.4 billion from 1980 to 2011.
• Rate of genetical change -typically 1 - 3 % of mean per
annum
• Cumulative from one generation to the other
• Foundational to these improvements are
– Efficient performance data collection and storage systems
– Analytical system for the computation of genetic merit
3
4. 4
Foundational role of Data
• Examine the breeder equations
ΔG = ih2σp / L
• Fundamental parameters that drive ΔG are directly related
to the availability and quality of data.
• For example, estimates of h2 are function of depth and
quality of data.
Estimates of heritability for milk yield in dairy cattle over time
< 1980’s 1991 2000’s
0.25 0.30-0.33 0.35 – 0.50
ANOVA Animal Model Test day models
• Indirect predictions of phenotypes is a major research area
in order to reduce L (Mid-infra red spectrum, pedometers
etc)
5. 5
Importance of data in addressing the
consequences of selective breeding for only
productivity
• Dairy Cattle
• Dominant breed worldwide for milk production is
the Holstein breed.
• Until to 1990’s, the breeding program focused on
selection for milk productivity. Consequences:
– a decline in fitness such fertility over time resulting in
poor concept rate
– increased lameness and reduced longevity.
– On average, cows milked for about 3 lactations (alive for
about 5.5 years).
6. 6
Importance of data in addressing the
challenges in the dairy industry
• In 1999, Lifespan predicted from type information plus direct measure based on
number of parities completed was introduced in PLI
• In 2003, somatic cell count (SCC—indirect measure of mastitis) and lameness( via
locomotion was introduced in PLI
• In 2006, fertility was introduced into PLI
• Notice initial decline but improvements after incorporating data on traits in the
index
7. 7
Importance of data of addressing challenges of
selective breeding for growth rate in the poultry
• Broilers
• Growth rates increased over 300% over 50 years
till the 2000’s
•
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Aviagen - Genetic Trend BWT (g) - 35d
9. 9
Importance of data in addressing the
consequences of selective breeding for only
productivity
• Major problems of rapid improvement in body
weight in the poultry were associated with leg
issues
• Sample of 51,000 birds in 176 flocks
– At a mean age of 40 days, over 27.6% of birds in
showed poor locomotion
– 3.3% were almost unable to walk
– The above was after culling birds with severe
lameness
– Toby et al, 2001. Leg Disorders in Broiler Chickens: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Prevention PLoS One.
2008; 3(2): e1545.
10. 10
Broader selection (based on data) in
Poultry- overcoming leg problems
• Broilers:
– Broader Selection index include growth traits and leg
health traits (deformities of the long bones, crooked toes,
tibial dyschondroplasia and hock burn)
• Turkeys
– Growth traits plus gait score as an overall measure of
leg health, footpad dermatitis, and 2 skeletal leg health
traits, namely, valgus and varus deformities and tibial
dyschondroplasia.
– Kapell et al 2012. Poultry Science, 91:3032–3043
– Kapell et al 2017. Poultry Science, 96:1553–1562
12. 12
FCR Testing in Groups
• Commercial like environment
– Birds housed in groups
– In open pens
– Capture individual intake data
• Allow testing of more birds
• Evaluate feeding behaviour
– Individual & Group
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32
33
TotalEaten(g)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
No.Meals,Eaten/Meal(g)
eaten/bird
eaten/meal
meals/bird
13. 13
Long-term improvements in Biological
Efficiency
-38grs Feed/year
-0.14% Mortality/year
From http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/u-s-broiler-performance/
14. 14 14
Impact of relevant data enabling BLUP
on Beef value in the UK
15. 15
British Cattle Movement Service
• COMMERCIAL animals
• Information
– Dam
– Breed
– Date of birth
– Date of death
– Movement
– Sire (not compulsory)
16. 16
Benefits of industry data
• ‘Super-pedigree’
– Most complete pedigree in the UK including all bovine
– BCMS
– Pedigree (beef and dairy)
– Milk recording records
• Super-pedigree to create linkage between
commercial phenotypes, which are often crossbred
and registered pedigree animals
17. 17
Super-Pedigree –Evaluate Carcass cuts
• Evaluation of carcass cuts for both purebreds, non-pedigree
and crosses using Video Image analysis (VIA)
– VIA technology allows us to better assess carcass yields for the
valuable primal cuts
• Some registered pedigree are genotyped and therefore
genomic prediction (Single-step)
18. 18
Genomic prediction - huge gain in
accuracy --- Striploin accuracy
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
gebv EBV 0-2yr EBV 6yr EBV own
carcass record
EBV 5+
progeny
breedingvalueestiamte
Striploin accuracy
+55% +51% +6% -4%
From Birth
Average age =
9yrs (5-15)
19. 19
Obvious trends from the past lessons
• Data is critical for make informed decision
– Identification of the consequences of selective breeding
were identified only by data analysis
– Steps to implement sustainable improvement were
based on acquiring relevant data
• Application of appropriate models to drive genetic
progress is dependent on good quality data
• Design of relevant breeding programs and
feedback to farmers are dependent on data
20. 20
Obvious trends from the past lessons
• This is the trend in developed countries, private
companies and Africa is no exception
• So how are we doing?
– Good in collecting DNA samples
– Focus on breed characterization
• Lots of international collaborations focused
– Breed characterization, signatures of selection,
domestication history and gene editing
• These are goods steps but we have often ignored the
step of collecting fundamental data - the basis for
sustainable breed development for our farmers and
countries.
21. 21
Obvious trends from the past lessons
• We can not continue in this same trend ; we need a
fundamental change in thinking
• The design any project must include – how can we collect
production data – first priority
• Feasibility of collecting phenotypes demonstrated by
– ADGG/ACCG – uses of digital tool
– CBBP –uses of mobile app
• There are many other less complicated Apps to collect data out
there in the digital world
• Implement a simple animal identification system
• Include a budget for data collection at onset of any project design
and any international collaboration
• Issues? –sustainability? Let us begin first – just walk and we
might be able to learn to run with time!
22. 22
Repository of available Data collecting
tools
• Proposition -- is to set a website with information on the
following
– Available, cheap and digital tools for data collection
– Information of rules that govern animal identification and available
tools
– Information on free data base
– Analytical tools and algorithm for data interrogation and analysis
– Genetic software
• Want it up and running by March 2020 and fully functional
by December 2020
• Send information to africadatatools2019@gmail.com
23. 23
Conclusion
• Obvious trends on the crucial role of data for
genetic gains and economic returns have been
outlined
• This leads to one conclusion
• Even in the era of genomics
• #PHENOTYPE IS KING!