Application of nuclear and genomic technologies for improving livestock produ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the IAEA International Symposium on Sustainable Animal Production and Health—Current Status and Way Forward, Vienna, 28 June-2 July 2021
Presented by Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at ILRI Addis Ababa, 2 May 2011.
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvementILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the Third Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 7-11 June 2021
Gender, livestock and livelihood indicators: An updateILRI
Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck, Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at the Livestock and Fish Gender Initiative Meeting, Nairobi, 8-12 June 2015
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Update on the Ethiopia sheep and goats value chain development projectILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, ICARDA, at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 13-14 June 2014
Aflatoxin M1-related health risk for milk consumers in dairy farms in rural a...ILRI
Poster by Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Apollinaire Nombre, Amos Miningou, SyAppolinaireTraore, Johanna Lindahl, Augustine Ayantunde, Javier Sanchez and Silvia Alonso presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Governance structures in smallholder pig value chains in Uganda: Constraints ...ILRI
Presented by Emily Ouma, Justus Ochieng, Michel Dione and Danilo Pezo at the 5th International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Addis Ababa, 23-26 September 2016
Application of nuclear and genomic technologies for improving livestock produ...ILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the IAEA International Symposium on Sustainable Animal Production and Health—Current Status and Way Forward, Vienna, 28 June-2 July 2021
Presented by Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at ILRI Addis Ababa, 2 May 2011.
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Genetics and genomic approaches for sustainable dairy cattle improvementILRI
Presented by Raphael Mrode at the Third Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 7-11 June 2021
Gender, livestock and livelihood indicators: An updateILRI
Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck, Jemimah Njuki, Jane Poole, Nancy Johnson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Pamela Pali, Zaibet Lokman and Samuel Mburu at the Livestock and Fish Gender Initiative Meeting, Nairobi, 8-12 June 2015
Participatory evaluation of cattle fattening innovations of smallholder farm...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Yoseph Mekashaand Tesfaye Dubale for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
Update on the Ethiopia sheep and goats value chain development projectILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, ICARDA, at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 13-14 June 2014
Aflatoxin M1-related health risk for milk consumers in dairy farms in rural a...ILRI
Poster by Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Apollinaire Nombre, Amos Miningou, SyAppolinaireTraore, Johanna Lindahl, Augustine Ayantunde, Javier Sanchez and Silvia Alonso presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Governance structures in smallholder pig value chains in Uganda: Constraints ...ILRI
Presented by Emily Ouma, Justus Ochieng, Michel Dione and Danilo Pezo at the 5th International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Addis Ababa, 23-26 September 2016
Livelihood diversifying potential of livestock based carbon sequestration opt...ILRI
An online presentation by Mohammed Y Said, Augustine Ayantunde, Shem Kifugo, Zipporah Musymi, Jan de Leeuw, Keith Shepard, Ermias, Jonas Koala, Didier Zida, Louis Savadogo, Briggite Kaufman, Hussein Tadiche Wario, Hassan Roba, Uwe Richter, Jan Pfister and Asch Folkard, Kenea Feyisa and Ayana Angasa
Collaborators: ILRI, ICRAF, INERA, DISTL, Hawassa University, University of Hohenheim
The quest for the needle (antigen) in the haystack (pathogen): Immunoinformat...ILRI
Presented by Nicholas Svitek, Lucilla Steinaa, Rosemary Saya, Elias Awino, Morten Nielsen, Søren Buus, Vishvanath Nene at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Project introduction: Development context and learningsILRI
Presented by Edward Okoth at the Closing workshop of the BecA‐ILRI‐CSIRO‐AusAID project on Understanding ASF epidemiology as a basis for control, Nairobi, Kenya, 2‐3 October 2013
Presented by Raphael Mrode, Tadelle Dessie, Hans Komen and Olivier Hanotte at the Second ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Arusha, 27-28 January 2016
Accelerating uptake of research on sustainable livestock interventions—Insigh...ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore, ILRI, at the CGIAR Livestock CRP and GASL joint side event on national partnerships for sustainable livestock systems at the 7th All-Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Accra, Ghana, 30 July 2019
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) - Review Meeting 2021: Overview By Dr R...ICRISAT
Harnessing the full potential of modern genomics, molecular biology, and advanced breeding approaches. Generating trait knowledge, tools/technologies and platforms for integrating with crop improvement programs towards increasing crop productivity, profitability, and improving nutrition. Empowering national programs for adopting modern technologies in their crop improvement programs.
Review of small ruminants value chain impact pathways developed for EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky (ICARDA) at the Livestock and Fish Small Ruminant Change Pathway Validation Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 March 2015
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Tanzania dairy genetics project: Identifying appropriate germplasm for smallh...ILRI
Presented by Dennis Mujibi (ILRI) at the Inception workshop of the AgriTT project: Evaluation of breed composition, productivity and fitness for smallholder dairy cattle in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 10-11 June 2014
A report from the CRP1.1 launch meeting in Amman, Jordan outlines the products of the inception phase, namely the groundwork for baseline characterization of each region and the products of the workshops that were set up to establish research priorities. The common ground between the regions consisted of 21 shared constraints, 20 shared outputs, 16 shared hypothesis and 20 shared outcomes.
Criteria for Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) were also established during the inception phase. Criteria are meant to be: informed by and have buy in from key stakeholders, integrated across CRPs, fully aligned with CG system level IDOs, completed by Sept 30, 2013, and composed of three 3-year cycles.
Seven impacts from established IDOs were established and cross-cutting themes and program level tools instituted. Definite impact goals were also specified with 10-20% increases in productivity for systems targeted for vulnerability reduction and 20-30% increases in productivity have been slated for systems which can be sustainably intensified. A 20% adoption rate within action sites was also established during the inception phase as a major area of focus for the Dryland Systems CRP.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
1. ILRI program outline: Livestock
Genetics
Okeyo Mwai, Steve Kemp and Karen Marshall
ILRI Institute Planning Meeting
4-7 October 2016
2. Vision
Photo: www.impatientoptimist.com
Livestock Genetics program is a valued and globally
recognized partner which provides:
• state-of the-art breeding technology and data platforms
• leadership in the areas of gene discovery, genetic diversity
characterization utilization of the results in integrating these
in the R&D contexts to continuously improve, deliver and
promote use of more productive and healthy livestock under
tropical systems
The desired program outcome:
Appropriate livestock breeds are readily available, affordable
and widely used by poor women and men livestock keepers,
resulting in increased livestock productivity, improved food and
nutritional security, better livelihoods and improved natural
resource that support them.
3. Objectives
• To determine the most appropriate genetic
improvement strategy for different systems
• Discover genes responsible for productivity &
resilience and develop/adapt technologies to efficiently
incorporate them in breeding programs
• Design and support implementation of sound breeding
programs & delivery of the desired genetics to a range
of livestock keepers
• Identify policy gaps & provide evidence for and need
for policies and institutional arrangements that would
enable improved access, sustainable use of livestock
genetic resources.
4. Why genetics: Need to close the livestock productivity
gap
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Kgofmilkperday
Months in Milk
Figure 1: Realized lactation curves of improved (crossbred or higher) dairy cows achieved by
different farmer types in Kenya
Commercial/Intensive dairy farmers –
~6,500 kg/lactation --- ~2% of farmers
Best smallholder farmers - ~2,500
kg/lactation --- ~5% of farmers
Average smallholder farmers --- ~1,400
kg/lactation --- >90% of farmers
• Mitigate risks (e.g. effects of CC,
emerging diseases (zoonotics))
• Work towards ensuring equity (focus
on chicken, and small ruminants and
crossbred dairy cattle & buffalos to
widen our reach)
• Ensure environmental health (e.g.
increasing productivity/animal to
reduce GHG emissions)
5. Assessment
tools
Improved
breeds of
livestock
Multiplication
& delivery
systems
Policy
guidelines
Consideration of a
future changed
environment
Implementation of
delivery systems by
stakeholders
Genetic improvement strategy and
delivery system designed with
stakeholders
Policy guidelines
adopted by
stakeholders
Women and men
resource poor farmers
sustainably utilising
improved livestock
genetics
Access to
inputs
including
animal health-
care and feed
Implementation of
genetic improvement
strategy by
stakeholders
Gender focus
Consideration
of gender and
youth issues
= Identified sets of assumptions
Sub-idos
Stakeholde
r capacity;
enabling
environme
nt
Stakeholde
r capacity;
enabling
environme
nt
Stakeholde
r capacity;
enabling
environme
nt
Stakeholde
r capacity;
enabling
environme
nt
Stakeholders = policy makers, national research and
development partners, investors, the private sector,
women and men livestock keepers
Access to
markets
Theory of change
6. Program Strategy
Short term:
• Apply existing ICT & Genomic technologies to better understand the existing genetic diversity
• Roll out systems for on-farm testing and models for delivery of promising existing genetics
Medium term:
• Identification of genes / gene-networks underpinning important traits and incorporate these in the
breeding programs
Long term: Integrate breeding and molecular technologies to design and deliver optimized genetcs
programs
7. What do we work on:
Sheep
Dairy cattle
Pigs
Dual purpose
cattle
Poultry Goats
8. Where we work
Future livestock demand scenarios indicate that most of the supply of livestock products is likely to come from
smallholder and agro/pastoral production systems for the foreseeable future in Africa (Herrero et al., 2014) and Asia
(Hemme et al., 2015). Therefore, the Livestock Genetics Program will target the smallholder sector for achieving
sustainable impact at scale.
Eastern Africa
(chicken, dairy
cattle, pigs,
sheep & goats
India &
Pakistan(cattle,
goats
West Africa
(Nigeria &Burkina
Faso)Chicken,
sheep and goats
Central America
Nicaragua (dual
purpose cattle)
China (all key
species)
Roslin, UK (cattle, chicken
and pathogens)
9. Existing Facilities
Location Facility
ILRI Nairobi
Joint ILRI-BecA laboraorites in Nairobi,
Kenya
Reproductive platform in Nairobi, Kenya
Biobank in Nairobi, Kenya
Farm – ILRI farm and “Kapiti” research
station in Kenya
Beijing, China Joint CAAS/ILRI laboratory in Beijing, China
ILRI Addis Ababa Molecular lab
Other Partners
Roslin Institute and NARS
Centers
Experimental flock at Debre Berhan,
Tanzania and Nigeria
Reproduction and Genomics labs at Roslin,
UK
10. On-going work:
• Most of on-going and planned projects span across our 4 research themes
• The activities have integrated capacity development elements
• Include collaboration with other ILRI Programs
• Implemented/to be implemented in close collaboration with our core strategic
ARIs, RRO, NARES and Development and Private sector partners
Integration
synergy
11. Assessments of animal genetic resources (AnGR) and use
$ ‘big data
capacity’
Biorepository:
~500,000 samples
Phenomic and genomic
assessment of AnGRs:
-Breed comparison, environmental
effect
-Identification of genes / gene-
networks underpinning important traits
12. What are the most appropriate genetics improvement
strategies?
We consider:
• Stakeholder needs and
preferences
• Present and predicted
future production
system
• Sustainability
mechanisms
• Required scale to
achieve impact
What is the most
appropriate genetic
improvement
strategy?
13. Reproductive
technology
platform – gene
editing
Improved breeds of livestock
Introduction or
creation of
improved breeds
of livestock – with
national partners
Recording and
feedback
platform
Analytical platforms –
combining genetic and
phenotypic information to
identify elite breeding animals
Breed
substitution
Cross-breeding
New breed-types (gene-editing)
Within breed improvement
14. ACGG- “More productive chickens for African
smallholders”
Identity
Appropriate
Chicken
Technology
Test
Technology
On-Station
and On-Farm
Select Farmer
Preferred and
High
Producing
Strains
Support Private
Sector in the
Implementatio
n of a Long
Term Genetic
Gains Program
PPP
Development
for the
Multiplication
of Select
Technologies
Impact
Increased
Smallholder
Productivity
in SSA
15. ACGG- Long Term Genetic Gains
National
Agricultural
Research System
(NARS)
The platform members
(ILRI, CTLGH, WU, NARS
etc)
Private sector
breeding
companies (e.g
Silverlands,
TZ/Amobeye,
NG
ILRI –Overall
Coordinatio
n
Vision
Annual 2% Genetic
Gains
Objective
Sustainable Genetic
Gains Program in
Sub-Saharan Africa
Maintained
By the Private
Sector
16. (1) Data analytics system
(DPRC)
Farmer/Herd
Bench marking
and decisions Optimize Realized
Productivity for
farmers
P
r
o
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
Time
(3) Digital
Information
Capture and
farmer feedback
& actors
interaction
Systems
(2)
improved/certifi
ed bulls/heifers
ADGG- More productive and resilient cows for smallholder
systems
17. Survived Died
%
Survived
Fisher's
Exact p
Trial 1
Progeny of
ZI3167 3 0 100
Control 0 9 0 0.0045
Trial 2
Progeny of
ZI3167 4 6 40
Control 1 11 9 0.14
Trial 3
Progeny of
ZI3167 12 3 80
Control 0 8 0 3.4x10-4
Combined Progeny of 3167 19 9 68
Combined p
(Stouffer's
method)
Control 1 28 4 2.11x10-5
T. parva Tolerance
18. • Complete analysis of whole genome sequences of all 33
phenotyped progeny
• Study effect of different endpoint variables on analysis
• Phenotype further offspring of 3167 including F2
generation to refine study – sequence and add to analysis
• Identify further putative tolerant families
ILRI
Phil Toye, Annie Cook, Tatjana Sitt, Gideon Ndambuki
Roslin
James Prendergast, Ivan Morrison, Tim Connelley
Immediate Plans
19. Multiplication and delivery systems
Nucleus
Multiplier
Commercial
Adaptation of
reproductive
technologies to
the local
situation
Establishment
of business
models for
delivery
(e.g. PPP)
20. Cross program linkages- Greater impact through
partnerships within and outside ILRI
Significant interaction between other
programs at value chain levels:
Focus on joint project design, technology
development/testing and delivery, influencing:
Sustainable Livestock production systems-Livestock
AVCD
Policy, Gender –Dairy- AVCD,ADGG.ACGG
Forage and Feed Resources- gene discovery/
genomics for improvement, Genetic Gain
Human and Animal Health- pathogen/host resistance,
Microbiome research (chicken & dairy)
Impact at scale-AVCD, ADGG/links with development
partners
Tool & Data systems support- RMG, Big data.
Significant yield gaps are seen on-farm. While dramatic increases in yields have historically been driven by highly
accelerated genetic gains, the full potential is not realized without the delivery of appropriate technologies,
improve feed, disease management, and delivery.
- Environment
- Climate
- Health
- Feeding
- Water
-inputs & Market Access
Genotype
Home
consumption,
Aggregation,
Processing, Sale
Husbandry,
Knowledge
Exchange
Home
consumption,
Aggregation,
Processing, Sale
Husbandry,
Knowledge
generation &
Exchange
Productivity
Growth
21. Support services- What we need to enhance efficiency
and increase our impact
• Better reporting systems that meet
institutional and donor/CRP needs
• Legal expertise in data, ABS -
becoming increasingly important as we
partner more with the private sector
New Support Services
• More proactive engagement and crisis
management/ passive type of actionsResearch Compliance
• Aggregation and maintenance of data
• Standardized protocols and support
around metadata, collection, and
sharing
Data Systems
• Relationship management to
strengthen and develop partner
linkages
• Support in engaging private sector
partners
Partnership
Development
• Inclusive engagement with Cap Dev
& BDU to enable adequate
resourcing and frameworks for more
effective staff/internships with our key
partners
• Business development/resource
mobilization support
• Tailored Cap Dev tools, trainings, and
deliverables
Internships/staff
exchanges Adequate/Stable Funds +
Increased Capacity
Timely
engagement/implementa
tion of compliance issues
Additional expertise to
manage a world Class Data
Infrastructure + Large Open
Access Datasets
Stronger BDU to better
support partnerships +
PPPs
Better/more responsive
systems & legal expertise
in ABS related issues
22. New scientific and resource mobilization opportunities-
What’s next?
New Scientific/Investment Opportunity Potential
Partner/Donor
Phenomics platforms and innovative applications of ITC for crowdsourcing of
data
BBSRC with SRUC/CTLGH,
Google Foundation
Dairy systems in West Africa
Pig systems in Africa and Asia
Buffalos in Asia & Africa?
Camels in Africa
Local & International
Foundations and specific
Countries
Comparative Genomics:
• Innovative applications of genomics to study host/pathogen genomes
and relate to development of new Genotypes (genome editing),
medicines/vaccines)
• Development of affordable multi purpose genomic chips for breed
composition determination and support genomic selection
SRUC/CTLGH-BBSRC
New assisted reproductive technologies: Links with genomic/transgenic
research
• Communication
• PPP models to develop/manage biorespository/bio-banks with geo-
referenced materials that are linked to genome sequences, gene
expressions phenotypes
BBSRC
Partnerships with ARIs, genomic databases and Development agencies to
access digital genetics resources and finances to respectively undertake
blue sky genomic data-mining research and deliver development
outcomes and impacts
Various Foundations
23. Time for a new search for variation underlying tropical adaptation and
productivity
Identify and make use of the genetics
underlying natural variation.
There has been no systematic search for
the genomic basis of adaptation. Because
until now we have had no validation
tools and no delivery tools.
New Genome Editing tools change the
landscape.
24. Identify and deliver variants associated with adaptation
Genotyping Phenotyping
Adapted &
productive
livestock
Genome editingTargeting
Data systems
Delivery systems
25. Applied research application of genetics
Senegal Dairy Genetics
What is the most appropriate cattle breed-type
for the production system & environment?
Via trade-off analysis – productivity, livelihood
benefit, environmental sustainability, food safety
3500 animals from 220 households monitored for almost
2 years- production, economic, gender data
Different breeds / cross-breeds & management levels
Breed-types assigned based on genomic data -
~30% match between farmer assigned breed-type & that
from the genomic data
26. Herd size of 8 cows; non-transhumant
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
IndigenousZebu
IndigenousZebu
IndigenousZebuby
Guzerat
IndigenousZebuby
Guzerat
IndigenousZebuby
BosTaurus
IndigenousZebuby
BosTaurus
HighBosTaurus
* ** * ** ** *** ****
Householdprofit(CFApercowper
annum)
Breed type and management level
8.0 fold difference
2.4 fold difference
Applied research application of genetics
27. Asked similar research questions -
results influenced a donor to
further invest in systems for dairy
cattle genetic improvement and
delivery systems in East Africa
Private-public partnership for
Artificial Insemination Delivery
(PAID)— led by Land O’Lakes
International
African Dairy Genetics Gains
(ADGG)
Dairy Genetics East Africa
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Level-1 Level-2 Level-3
Dailymilkyield(l/day)
Herd environment level
21-35% 36-60%
Applied research application of genetics
28. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system
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